自然通风环境下办公建筑中庭空间热舒适性模糊优化研究

：随着绿色建筑设计理念深入人心,办 公建筑的中庭空间因其特有空间特质受到越来 越多的关注。通常办公中庭空间中的节能性与热 舒适性是一对矛盾体,而自然通风作为被动节能 技术之一,不仅能够促进中庭空间的内外空气 循环,改善室内空气质量,而且降低能耗和提升 热舒适性,较好地解决这一矛盾。以江雅园办公 楼中庭空间为案例进行研究,从中庭屋顶形态、 中庭高度及进风口开启方式三个变量因素出发, 引用模糊评估方法寻找出中庭空间自然通风热 舒适性最佳方案,结论显示在多个组合方案中 斜屋顶形态+进风口全部开启的方案热舒适性最 佳,同时也证明屋顶形态与通风方式的变化对自 然通风舒适性的影响较大,而中庭空间高度的变化对自然通风舒适性影响较小。本研究希望建立一套以风速和温度为评价指标的模糊体系,为自 然通风的热舒适性的评价提供一种客观的评估手段,从而为方案阶段的中庭空间设计提供一种 有效的优化方法。     

商场中庭热环境测试与改造——以长沙市益友商场为例

本文以长沙市益友商场中庭热环境改造为例，探讨中国南方地区现代商场中庭的热环境设计理念。     

现代商场的心脏—中庭

现代商场的心脏──中庭机械工业部第四设计研究院程占文中庭共享空间自六十年代美国建筑师约翰·波特曼在旅馆建筑中创造性地发展和成功地运用之后，使这种空间形成风靡一时，世界各地竟相效仿。并跨越旅馆疆界而进入各类公共建筑领域。商业建筑亦不例外。我国改革开放以...     

高校学生宿舍夏季热舒适研究

以西安某高校学生宿舍为研究对象,现场测试了宿舍内的温度和相对湿度等参数。通过问卷调查了学生对室内热环境的主观热感觉。研究结果表明,学生宿舍内的热环境处于ASHRAE给定的舒适区之外,80%以上的学生对室内热环境表示不满;但调查结果显示学生对室内热环境有一定的适应性。     

襄阳市商业综合体中庭空间夏季热环境研究

中庭空间是当前商业综合体设计中的重要组成部分,其对于建筑内的各种物理指标的改善都有积极作用.作者实地调研了襄阳市4座商业综合体的中庭空间,实测得出不同时间段内中庭的空气温度、相对湿度、风速,同时对顾客进行主观问卷调查.通过对热环境参数及主观问卷调查结果的分析,作者发现商业建筑的中庭热环境受屋顶遮阳影响严重,业态对中庭热...     

商场中庭空间营造中的问题及对策

本文试图通过探讨目前商场中庭存在的一些问题，进而分析问题产生的原因，并提出解决问题的可能对策，营造健康的商业购物环境。近年来，随着国内社会经济的发展，人们已不再只满足于温饱。就商场而言，消费者的目光也逐渐从过去单一的对商品的需求转移到对购物环境的需求上来。据调查，现代消费者对购物环境明亮宽敞的商场的亲睐程度明显高于不具备上述条件的商场。于是，中庭成为各大商场建设中争相仿效的要素，不但新建商场趋之若鹜，旧有商场为了吸引客源，也不惜血本进行加建和改造，好像谁有了中庭、谁就上档次。改善购物环境的初衷固然美好，但如果只局限于形式上的照抄，而不与商场的功能和具体情况相结合，那形式无异于换汤不换药的空壳，不但不符合消费者和商家的利益，有时还会恶化购物环境。     

高大中庭的室内热环境模拟优化分析

本文以深圳某办公建筑为例,采用airpak软件对室内热环境进行了多工况的数值模拟对比分析,以室内温度作为主要控制目标对中庭的室内热环境提出优化建议。研究成果结合高大中庭的自身特点,可为夏热冬暖地区的高大中庭的室内空调优化方案提供参考依据。     

中庭的热环境与节能探讨

建筑中庭应具有舒适的热环境并且需要节约能量。研究的目的在于改善中庭的热环境 ,节约中庭的耗能。文章提出了一些热环境改善和节能的措施。结果表明 ,通过一些建筑措施和手段可以改善中庭的热环境 ,降低中庭的能耗。建议建筑师们应充分采用建筑的手段创造良好的室内热环境 ,节约能量     

广州大学图书馆中庭热环境测试分析

采用NEC红外热像仪对全阴天及晴天两组工况下的广州大学图书馆中庭内围护结构温度进行测试。结果表明由于该中庭采用大面积的白玻璃,在夏季形成温室效应,人体感觉热且远离人体舒适区。指出广州地区高校图书馆中庭设计时应注意控制窗墙比及透明围护结构的热工性能,通过采取合理的外遮阳设计创造适宜的内部空间,避免形成温室效应。     

人体热舒适的节能研究

介绍了人体热舒适的节能研究现状,就未来需要进一步深入研究的方向进行了展望,最后提出合理确定室内参数、变稳态环境为动态、充分考虑人的适应性、局部微调节等内容是今后热舒适与节能研究的主要课题。     

Predictive controllers for thermal comfort optimization and energy savings

The present work is focused on the study of indoor thermal comfort control problem in buildings equipped with HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems. The occupants’ thermal comfort sensation is addressed here by the well-known comfort index known as PMV (predicted mean vote) and by a comfort zone defined in a psychrometric chart. In this context, different strategies for the control algorithms are proposed by using an only-one-actuator system that can be associated to a cooling and/or heating system. The first set of strategies is related to the thermal comfort optimization and the second one includes energy consumption minimization, while maintaining the indoor thermal comfort criterion at an adequate level. The methods are based on the model predictive control scheme and simulation results are presented for two case studies. The results validate the proposed methodology in terms of both thermal comfort and energy savings.     

北京地区冬季室内人体热舒适性及热适应性调查

测试了室内环境参数,同时调查了受试者的热感觉。结果显示,室外温度对人的热适应性有显著影响。在冬季,寒冷的气候条件使人们形成对偏冷环境的适应性,此时如果室内温度过高,人们对低温的适应性将被破坏,反而感觉不舒适。     

Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years

Climate change and the urgency of decarbonizing the built environment are driving technological innovation in the way we deliver thermal comfort to occupants. These changes, in turn, seem to be setting the directions for contemporary thermal comfort research. This article presents a literature review of major changes, developments, and trends in the field of thermal comfort research over the last 20 years. One of the main paradigm shift was the fundamental conceptual reorientation that has taken place in thermal comfort thinking over the last 20 years; a shift away from the physically based determinism of Fanger's comfort model toward the mainstream and acceptance of the adaptive comfort model. Another noticeable shift has been from the undesirable toward the desirable qualities of air movement. Additionally, sophisticated models covering the physics and physiology of the human body were developed, driven by the continuous challenge to model thermal comfort at the same anatomical resolution and to combine these localized signals into a coherent, global thermal perception. Finally, the demand for ever increasing building energy efficiency is pushing technological innovation in the way we deliver comfortable indoor environments. These trends, in turn, continue setting the directions for contemporary thermal comfort research for the next decades.     

大型商业购物中心中庭防火分隔与人员疏散

以某大型商业购物中心为工程案例,讨论中庭区域采用防火分隔玻璃加自动喷水灭火系统的分隔方法是否满足防火性能要求.采用性能化防火设计的思想,设定多个火灾场景,采用CFD方法计算相应的火灾动力学参数,并将计算的结果与人员疏散安全性能判据进行对比分析.研究结果表明,在保证设备有效运行的前提下,在该商业购物中心使用防火玻璃结合其他综合分隔方法作为隔断是可行的.     

Summer thermal comfort: compliance assessment and overheating prevention in new apartment buildings in Estonia

This study analyses which building parameters contribute the most to overheating in dwellings and which properties will make a room ‘critical’, to be chosen for compliance assessment procedure through temperature simulation, as required in Estonia for new residential buildings. Indoor temperature measurements, conducted in 18 apartments from 16 apartment buildings, show clear evidence of overheating. Compliance assessment of 25 new buildings were conducted using IDA-ICE software. The analysed sample consisted of typical multi-storeyed buildings with mainly massive concrete structures. From the simulated buildings, 68% did not meet the requirements, showing that this relatively new building code requirement was not fully established in practice. Results of the analysis indicate that the requirement in apartment buildings is achievable without cooling, if passive measures are properly applied. Recommendations are given to designers, as well as policy-makers, to improve the situation in the residential building sector.     

关于"热舒适"的讨论

指出了人体热反应研究中关于热舒适的一些模糊概念及对热舒适与热感觉关系的含混认识。分析了热舒适与热感觉的不同含义、现有的不同解释及两者的稳态和动态条件下的差别。     

气流运动及其与热舒适关系研究的进展与评述

指出气流组织的研究对空调节能和保证人体舒适感有着重要的意义,综述了气流运动与热舒适关系及房间气流紊流特征的研究进展,评价了已有的研究成果,对该研究的发展提出了看法。     

强化室内空气流动以改善热舒适的节能研究

基于热舒适实验，研究了提高室内空气流速对人体热舒适的改善程度以及空气流速的合理取值。研究结果表明，可以通过提高空气流速保持室内标准有效温度SET*不变，从而可适当提高室内温度、相对湿度的设定值，达到节能的目的。以天津地区为例，分析结果表明，空调运行时间大大缩短，直接蒸发冷却方式的利用率得到提高。     

Objective criteria for thermal comfort

For thermal comfort an objective definition is given, based on physiological results. The significance of skin temperature in this context is the basis for a measurement device which simulates the human skin physically. Results of measurements using the artificial skin including psychophysical investigations and draught measurements are discussed as well as the applicability of the objective comfort criteria to current HVAC problem areas. Finally the significance of the equivalent temperature for future standardization is emphasized.