氮掺杂二氧化钛纳米管的制备及表征

采用阳极氧化法在纯钛表面制备了二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜,在热处理的过程中利用浓氨水的挥发提供氨气氛进行掺N.采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射物相分析(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对样品进行了表征.结果表明,制得的二氧化钛纳米管管径为70～80nm,壁厚为5～10 nm,管长为400～500nm;N元素成功进入晶格,含量为0.68%;400℃热处理的未掺杂、N掺杂二氧化钛分别为纯锐钛矿相、锐钛矿和金红石混相.相比未掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管,N掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管在可见光区表现出更强的吸收.以甲基橙为模拟污染物,采用分光光度计研究了N掺杂、甲基橙初始浓度、pH值对光催化性能的影响.结果显示,甲基橙的光降解过程符合一级动力学过程,经过150 min的光催化实验,N的掺杂使二氧化钛纳米管的光催化性能提高了11.1%,甲基橙的最佳初始浓度为20 mg·L(-1),最佳pH值为1.     

TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以TiO2和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米管（titania nanotube,简称TNT）,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对TiO2纳米管的结构与形貌进行了研究,以甲基橙（Methyl Orange）为反应物,考察了TiO2纳米管光催化降解甲基橙的效果。研究结果表明：400℃焙烧时,TiO2纳米管主晶相为钛酸,500℃焙烧时,其组成为锐钛矿相;制备的TiO2纳米管可以有效的降解甲基橙,且在光催化降解中起主要作用的是锐钛矿相。     

掺杂钕离子纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

以钛酸四丁醇为原料，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了掺杂Nd^3＋的纳米TiO2光催化剂，探讨了掺杂对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD），透射电镜（XRD）对制备的Md^3＋掺杂TiO2样品的相组成和晶粒大小进行了分析，并以苯酚为降解对象，考察了不同掺杂浓度，不同热处理温度下掺杂TiO2对苯酚的光催化降解效果。结果表明：掺杂Nd^3＋的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶相，Nd^3＋掺杂可阻碍TiO2的晶相转变，减小催化剂的晶粒尺寸，提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性。在本实验范围内，当Nd^3＋质量分数为0．8％（以TiO2质量计），处理温度为500℃时，TiO2光催化活性较高。与未掺杂的TiO2相比，其光催化活性提高约70％。     

银掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DSC 和UV-Vis等技术对其进行表征.以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察催化剂的光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度和银掺杂量对光催化效率的影响.实验结果表明：银掺杂二氧化钛提高了二氧化钛在紫外光和可见光下的光催化活性;当Ag掺杂量为1.00%、煅烧温度为450℃、催化剂用量为0.05 g时,银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂在可见光条件下降解4 h 后,降解率达到92.57%,是纯二氧化钛的4.51倍;紫外光条件下降解2 h达到84.54%,是纯二氧化钛的2.27倍.     

TiO2-xNx薄膜的光催化性能及电子结构研究

在不同的氧气与氮气流量比条件下,利用射频磁控溅射技术在载玻片衬底上成功沉积了TiO2-xNx薄膜。采用亚甲基蓝染料为光降解污染物,考察了薄膜的光催化活性;检测了薄膜的XRD谱和透射光谱;并利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了N掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的能带结构及其在费米能级附近的电子态密度。结果表明,在氧气流量50sccm、氮气流量0.5sccm条件下沉积的TiO2-xNx薄膜的光催化活性最高;与纯TiO2样品相比,N掺杂TiO2样品的晶体结构没有发生改变,吸收边红移;N掺杂使TiO2的禁带宽度减小,电子态密度向低能量方向移动,从而使其光响应范围扩展,光催化活性增强。     

氧化铝模板法制备Ce掺杂二氧化钛纳米管

以多孔有序阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂稀土铈的二氧化钛纳米管,采用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜对氧化铝模板和二氧化钛纳米管进行表征,并分析了纳米管的形成机理。实验结果表明：以模板法配合溶胶-凝胶法可以制备得到管径均匀的铈掺杂二氧化钛纳米管,其尺寸在25—50nm之间。     

低量Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂TiO2制备及催化活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度540℃制备了纯的和不同Gd^3＋／^3＋共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征。研究了Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Gd^2＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,适量共掺杂Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋可以显著提高其光催化活性。当Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂量为0．04％／0．04％,Ti02纳米粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为89．96％,其金红石相含量为32％,平均晶粒粒径为30nm,Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性。     

溶胶凝胶法制备花生状TiO2及光催化性能

二氧化钛(TiO_2)作为环境友好型催化剂,在光催化中发挥着很重要的作用,是一种重要的光催化材料。以钛酸丁酯(TBT)为钛源,采用溶胶凝胶法在非搅拌状态下制得二氧化钛粉体。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱对样品的晶体结构、形貌以及吸光度进行分析测定。试验结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,样品由锐钛矿相变为金红石相,形貌也发生了变化;在400℃下煅烧后的样品呈类似花生的形貌,500℃出现了不规则的形状,600℃开始出现金红石相,700℃全部为金红石相和不规则的形貌;以甲基橙为模拟污水,考察样品紫外光照射下降解甲基橙的能力,其中400℃煅烧的样品在光照80 min后甲基橙的降解率达到了91%,光催化性能最好。     

机械化学法制备N掺杂纳米TiO2可见光光催化剂及其性能研究

以锐钛矿型TiO2为原料, HMT(六亚甲基四胺)为掺杂N源, 采用机械化学法经过600 r·min-1×2 h高能球磨, 后续以焙烧处理, 合成了N掺杂纳米TiO2粉末. 所制备的粉末为锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿的混合相, 对波长大于400 nm的可见光具有良好的吸收性能, 其吸收边红移至530 nm;在λ＞400 nm的可见光照射下, HMT加入量为10%的样品对甲基蓝的降解率比原料粉末提高了2.7倍.     

低量Y3+掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度600 ℃制备了不同Y3 掺杂量的纳米TiO2粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征.研究了Y3 掺杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Y3 掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,适量掺杂Y3 可以提高其光催化活性.当Y3 掺杂量为0.04%, 纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.6%,其金红石相含量为9.8%,平均粒径为12 nm,Y3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

四脚状CdSe敏化TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光电性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛基底上生长了一维高度有序TiO2纳米管阵列,并与CdSe四脚状晶体及CdSe量子点组装成一种新型的量子点敏化太阳能电池( QDSSCs).该阵列结构为光生电子的传递提供了快速通道,CdSe四脚状三维空间结构增加了其吸附在TiO2纳米管阵列的稳定性.采用XRD,SEM和HR-TEM对阵列及CdSe四脚状和量子点进行了表征.考察了CdSe四脚状和量子点敏化纳米管阵列三电极电池结构的光电性能.XRD谱图表明TiO2的锐钛矿晶型特征峰没有发生变化,同时出现了一系列的CdSe六方晶型和立方晶型特征峰.SEM图表明所制备的TiO2具有高度有序的纳米管阵列结构,且孔径大小均一、约为120 nm,长度近13.8 μm.TEM和HRTEM图表明CdSe量子点具有四脚结构,CdSe核的直径约为4.1nm,臂宽约为3.1nm,臂长约为16.0nm.结果表明:通过四脚状CdSe修饰TiO2纳米管阵列基电极在可见光谱区域的吸收得到了明显增强;此外,在模拟太阳光(AM 1.5 100 mW·cm-2)的照射下,四脚状CdSe敏化比CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳米管阵列三电极结构电池的光电转换效率高,它们分别为0.13％和0.30％.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized TiO2 Enhanced by co-doping with Fe3+ and Nd3+ Ions

In this study, nanosized TiO2 co-doped with Fe3 and Nd3 ions was synthesized via a sol-gel method. The metallic ion doped TiO2 was thoroughly characterized with XRD and UV-vis, and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) solution. The results indicated that TiO2 crystalline size was reduced and phase transformation of anatase to rutile was suppressed as the content of doped Nd3 ion increased in the co-doped TiO2. The UV-vis spectra of co-doped TiO2 seemed to simply overlay two spectra of single metal doped TiO2, and had significantly increased absorbance in the ranges of 400~500 nm, 565~600 nm and 730~765 nm as compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of co-doped TiO2 was obviously enhanced, and raised about 30% compared to that of pure TiO2 as doped Nd3 content was 0.15% and Fe3 content was 0.05%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to a synergistic effect of two doped ions, where doped Fe3 ion inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron and hole, and Nd3 ion brought more surface carboxyl to promote the degradation reaction.     

纳米TiO2光催化研究进展

从纳米TiO2晶体结构人手,讨论了纳米TiO2光催化机理、制备技术、修饰活化及分析检测方法,重点比较了锐钛矿型和金红石型纳米TiO2的光催化性能的差异,认为锐钛矿型纳米TiO2由于具有更高的传质空位因而具有好的光催化性能;光催化活化修饰改性应以降低O对Ti的电场束缚为突破点。同时,结合实例介绍了光催化技术在不同领域的最新研究成果。     

可见光下掺N附Ag纳米TiO_2的光催化降解甲基橙

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备纯TiO_2和掺氮TiO_2纳米颗粒(N-TiO_2),然后通过光催化还原在其表面附Ag,得到表面附Ag的纳米TiO_2(即Ag/TiO_2)和掺N附Ag纳米TiO_2(即Ag/N-TiO_2),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、光致发光光谱仪(photoluminescence spectroscopy,PL)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及紫外可见漫反射光谱分析(UV-VIS DRS)对TiO_2及其掺杂改性后的组成和结构、光吸收性能以及可见光下对甲基橙溶液的光催化活性等进行表征。结果表明,所有样品均为锐钛矿型,Ag/TiO_2的平均晶粒度为20.4 nm;N以替代型N-Ti-O、间隙型Ti-O-N(或氧化态Ti-O-N-O)的形式存在于晶格中,银以Ag0形式附着在TiO_2表面;N掺杂抑制TiO_2晶粒的生长,并抑制光生电子与空穴的复合,从而促进TiO_2对可见光的吸收;表面附Ag对TiO_2晶格没有明显影响,但在450~580 nm可见光区产生强烈的表面等离子吸收带并延长至近红外区。TiO_2及其掺杂改性后对甲基橙的光催化效果为Ag/N-TiO_2Ag/TiO_2N-TiO_2TiO_2(或Degussa P25),Ag/N-TiO_2在可见光下对甲基橙(p H=3)进行光催化降解,150 min时降解率达到95%。     

Surface ζ potential and photocatalytic activity of rare earths doped TiO2

The iso-electric point of different rare earths (La, Ce, Y) doped anatase TiO2 was set out, and three organisms with different sur-face electrical properties (methylene blue trihydrate-positive electricity, methyl orange-negative electricity, methyl red-neutral electricity) were selected as photodegradable models. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of 0.5wt.%Y ions doped anatase TiO2 was better than those of the others. The relationship between Zeta (ζ) potential and the photocatalytic activity of different RE doped anatase TiO2 were also investigated. The Y-doped anatase TiO2 was found with the special two iso-electric points and three ζ potential values.     

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Doped with Cerium and Its Photocatalytic Activity

Cerium-doped titanium dioxide nano-powders were prepared through the sol-gel method and the compound sampies were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The results of XRD, TEM, and DRS show that pure TiO2 and Ce-doped TiO2 powder crystallines are a mixture of anatase and rutile ; the doping can retard the development of the grain size of TiO2 and decrease the diameter of TiO2 from more than 20 nm of pure TiO2 to about 10 nm; the doped TiO2 can improve the light absorption of TiO2 and suitable doping content tends to move the DRS spectrum of TiO2 towards visible light, but too much doping is not good for the light absorption ability. The results of the photocatalytic experiments show that doping with Ce content of 0.08% -0.4% can increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2; however, doping with Ce content of 0.5% -2.5% can significantly decrease the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The favorite doping content is 0.4% in the range of our experiments.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of N-Doped TiO2 Coatings Grown on Stainless Steel by Plasma Surface Alloying Technology

 N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) coatings were obtained by oxidation of titanium nitride coatings, which were prepared by the plasma surface alloying technique on stainless steel (SS). The microstructure of N-TiO2 coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Ball-on-disc sliding wear was applied to test and compare the tribological behaviors of the coatings and substrate. XRD patterns showed that anatase type TiO2 existed in the coatings after oxidation. GDOES showed that the resultant coatings had a layered structure, comprising of N-TiO2 layer at the top and a diffusion-type interface. Such a hybrid coatings system showed good adhesion with the substrate. According to XPS, residual N atoms partially occupied O atom sites in the TiO2 lattice. Uniform, continuous and compact coatings were observed by SEM images of coatings after oxidation. Under a load of 7.6 N, the coefficient of friction was in the range of 0.27-0.38 for the N-TiO2/Al2O3 systems and the wear rate of the coatings was only one-fourteenth of that for untreated 316L SS. N-TiO2 coatings displayed much better wear resistance and antifriction performance than SS substrate.     

Synergistic Effect of N and Ni2+ on Nanotitania in Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2

Nitrogen and nickel codoped nanotitania (N-Ni/TiO2) photocatalysts for producing methanol by photocatalytic reduction of CO2 were prepared by an improved sol-gol method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, DES, FTIR, TG-DSC, and UV-Vis, respectively. The experimental results indicated that nano-N-Ni/TiO2 had better properties than the pure nanotitania (TiO2), N doped titania (N/TiO2), and Ni2+ doped titania (Ni/TiO2), considering their performance of photoresponse and photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The methanol yield could reach 482.0μmol/g-cat under optimal conditions. Additionally, the synergetic effect of N and Ni2+ on nano-TiO2 in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was explained, and the mechanism of photocatalytic reduction CO2 on N-Ni/TiO2 catalyst was proposed.     

TiO2纳米管的制备及其在太阳能电池中的应用

TiO2纳米管具有大的比表面积和较强的电子传输能力等特点,同时由于具有强的光散射特性,当应用到太阳电池光阳极材料中,能提高光虏获能力,因此在太阳能电池材料中具有较大的发展潜力.采用阳极氧化法可制备具有高度垂直于衬底且可控性高的TiO2纳米管.论述了TiO2纳米管的制备工艺及其在光伏电池,特别是在染料、量子点敏化太阳能电...