HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTIAL OPENING OF THE WORKING GATE FOR A DISCHARGE TUNNEL

The partial opening of the working gate for a discharge tunnel is used more and more widely in the various conditions, such as releasing discharge to meet the needs of the various stages under construction, or of the operations at low reservoir levels. In this article the hydraulic characteristics were investigated of the partial opening of the working gate based on the physical model experiments of the discharge tunnel for the Longtan Hydropower Project, including the discharge coefficient, the surface profile of the free flow section, the bottom pressure distribution of the tunnel with an aerator, the cavity length just from the ramp, and the wall pressure of the curve section of the outlet. Some new issues were discussed and the properties were presented of the partial opening of the gate.     

水电厂计算机监控系统设计优化和改造经验

结合清江流域隔河岩、高坝洲两个水电厂计算机监控系统（SCADA系统）实例,简述了SCADA系统的设计特点,以及为实现“无人值班”（少人值守）对SCADA系统自动控制功能的改进和扩充。两个水电厂积累的较为成功的经验对新建水电厂和正在进行“无人值班”（少人值守）改造的水电厂的SCADA系统的设计及改造是有参考价值的。     

疏浚吹填工程推行项目经理责任承包制管理模式的探讨

阐述了传统管理模式的生存条件及其弊端,对疏浚吹填工程推行项目经理责任承包制管理模式进行了探讨.     

根据反馈对基坑围护结构内力与变形的反分析

由于基坑开挖过程中土体结构受到扰动，导致土体强度降低。可以根据实际监测结果，通过反分析的方法，推算出符合扰动后土体的各项计算参数，用以预测后续工况的变形与内力，从而对基坑的稳定性作出一种新的评价。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE FLOW THROUGH HANGED-PLATE OF THE TWO-STOREY INTAKE

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EFFECTS OF SURFACE CURVATURES ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

Some hydraulic measurements have been made in buckets of model overflowdams.The effects of surface curvatures of buckets on velocity,pressure and turbulent boundarylayer have been systematically investigated.The results have shown that the effects of surfacecurvatures on velocity distributions are unproportional and the centrifugal pressure coefficientdefined in the report possesses a transitional quality.A definition of turbulent boundary layerthickness of bucket is suggested and the development of turbulent boundary layer is indicated ex-perimentally.It is found the maximum value of relative boundary layer thickness appears about0.25 of relative arc length.     

江西省抚州市水利工程产权制度改革的调查与思考

介绍了江西省抚州市水利产权改革前的基本情况和改革的措施,总结了水利产权制度的经验。     

飞来峡水电厂计算机监控系统的投运经验

简要介绍了飞来峡水电厂计算机监控系统的配置和运行状况；着重介绍 了该系统从投入运行至今所发现的系统原设计中的缺陷，包括UPS容量不足、带负荷拉隔 离刀闸、母线配置不当、机旁屏内模块发热等，以及系统投运中由于偶然因素和模块损坏导 致的故障；阐述了相应的改进和处理方法。     

WATER TUNNEL EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DRAG REDUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRAVELING WAVY WALL

Drag reduction experiment of the traveling wavy wall at high Reynolds number is conducted.A suit of traveling wavy wall device is developed.The drag forces of the traveling wavy wall with various wave speeds(c)are measured under different water speeds(U)in the K15 cavitation water tunnel and are compared with that of the flat plate.The results show that the mean drag force of the traveling wavy wall have decreased and then increased with oscillation frequency increasing at the same flow speed.Under different flow speeds,when traveling wave wall reached to the minimum of drag force,the corresponding the ratio of the wall motion phase speed c to flow speed U,c /U is slightly different.Within the parameters of the experiment,whenc /U reaches a certain value,the drag force of the traveling wavy wall can be less than that of the flat plate.The drag reduction can be up to 42%.Furthermore,as the value ofc /U increases,the traveling wavy wall can restrain the separation and improve the quality of flow field.     

INVESTIGATION ON FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF ANNULAR TWO-PHASE FLOW THROUGH THE VENTURITUBE

A model that incorporates the important phenomena in the annular gas-water flow through the Venturi tube is presented. A series of experiments are carried out to measure the flow and heat transfer characteristics in cold and hot conditions. Comparison between numerical and experimental results shows good agreement.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FLOW FIELD CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MIXING REGION OF TWIN JETS

Twin jets flow, generated by two identical parallel axisymmetric nozzles, has been experimentally investigated. The dimensionless spacing (B) between two nozzles were set at 1.89, 1.75 and 1.5. Measurements have been carried out at several free-stream velocities ranging from 10 m/s to 25 m/s or Reynolds numbers (based on the nozzle diameter of 44 mm) ranging from 3.33×104 to 8.33×104. The results show that the twin jets attract each other. With the increasing Reynolds number, the turbulence energy grows, which indicates that the twin jets attract acutely. The jet flow field and the merging process of two jets vary with B. The width of the twin jets flow spreads linearly downstream and grows with B. The merging between two jets occurs at the location closer to the nozzle exit for the cases with smaller spacing between nozzles and higher Reynolds number.     

带调节水池的高水头船闸水力学问题研究

本文研究的是带调节水池的船闸水力学问题。通过数学模型计算和物理模型试验结果表明：该型式船闸是解决高水头船闸问题的一个可行的方案。     

船闸闸墙廊道侧支孔射流研究

建立侧支孔射流水力学物理模型,使用PIV测速仪测量了多组流量条件下侧支孔射流无槛工况和设槛工况孔前垂向中轴面的流速分布,通过划分流场结构和提取流场断面等方法,归纳和总结了侧支孔射流的流速分布规律.根据试验结果得出了无槛工况断面最大流速和断面最大流速点相对高度的沿程变化曲线,绘制了设槛工况槛后射流中心线,拟合得出了沿射流中心线的速度计算公式.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY FOR HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OSCILLATING HYDROFOIL

The present article reports the experimental Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） investigation and the corresponding numerical simulation results about the water flow over the oscillating hydrofoil and its unsteady dynamic characters. The experimental study focuses on the effect of mean angles of attack. The comparison between the PIV results and numerical prediction about the flow field using Fluent well demonstrates the capability of CFD on the simulation of the water flow around the pitching hydrofoil. The numerical results indicate that the forced oscillating frequencies have evident effects on the flow separation and vortex shedding. The simulations about the hydrodynamic drag and lift coefficients were also performed.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE SHAPE CHARACTERS OF NATURAL AND VENTILATED SUPERCAVITATION

A series of projectile and water-tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the shape characters of natural and ventilated supercavitation. It was found that the shape and dimensions of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation are similar through the comparison of them when the cavitation number is small and equal, and the contour of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation can be calculated effectively with the Savchenko formula. The gravity effect can induce the asymmetry of ventilated supercavitation, and the asymmetry is more apparent as the Froude number is smaller. The empirical formula for calculating the axial deformation of ventilated supercavitation was corrected and expanded based on experiment data. The evolution rules of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation were described, and the vortex frequency of natural cavitation was obtained. In addition, the hysteretic aspect was observed between the development and the fall process of ventilated cavitation.     

浅议定额法制度下水利建安工程费用的计算

阐述了定额法制度下计算水利建筑安装工程费用的5种方法,并结合工程实例总结了选用计算方法的一般原则,提出“以人工费和机械费之和为基础的计算方法”．     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON WAVE RUN-UP CHARACTERISTICS ALONG COLUMNS AND AIR GAP RESPONSE OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM

This article mainly concentrates on a large-volume drilling semi-submersible platform,aiming to reveal wave run-up characteristics along square columns and give the relationship between air gap distributions and wave parameters.The tests with fixed model were conducted firstly on its encountering a series of monochromatic waves.A wide range of wave slope (H /L) were selected to investigate the air gap response in detail.As can be seen,larger wave steepness will generally cause smaller air gap in the same wave period,which indicates nonlinear effects of incoming wave can amplify wave elevation.Model tests with mooring condition were also conducted in the same wave conditions.As was expected,the maximum relative wave elevation reduces obviously compared with the fixed one.However,wave shape close to columns show higher harmonic characteristics due to interaction between waves and the columns of semi-submersible platform.Meaningful conclusions from the model tests are drawn in this article,which is helpful in air gap design of floating offshore platform to a certain extent.In addition,the experimental results will provide an important reference for further research on validation and update of theoretical models of air gap.     

INFLUENCE OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MOUNTAIN STREAMS ON FISH HABITAT SUITABILITY CURVES

Microhabitat preferences of adult brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) were monitored for the purpose of determining design parameters for river restoration. The habitat preferences were evaluated during the summer period of minimum flows. Since 1995, field measurements have been performed in 52 reaches in 43 mountain and piedmont streams. The relationship between hydraulic characteristics and the values of maximum habitat suitability derived from velocity and depth habitat suitability curves (HSCs) was statistically determined. Trout in natural stream reaches showed a strong degree of dependence on depths, but in regulated streams, they were dependent on velocities. The representative habitat suitability curves for four depth intervals were extrapolated. From these outputs, the optimum depths of a microhabitat for river restoration measures and/or assessment of the influence of water withdrawals can be derived. The influence of geological regions on the shape of HSCs has not been proved; therefore, it is conceivable that after verification, the generalized HSCs may also be valid in other mountain and piedmont regions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUCTUATING PRESSURE ACTING ON THE APRON OF STILLING BASINS WITH LOW FROUDE NUMBER

Using four types of stilling basin models,this paper studies frequency characteris-tics of the fluctuating pressure acting on the stilling basin apron when Froude number is notgreater than 4.5.The testing results show that the frequency of fluctuating pressure,f_s in theranges of 0. 4Hz≤f_s≤1.1Hz.0.2Hz≤f_s≤2.5Hz and 0.4Hz≤f_s≤3.3Hz.can be used as thedesign frequency corresponding to three patterns of hydraulic jump.The reliability of f_s for threejump patterns is all nearly equal to 90%.