PP/改性高岭土复合材料性能及微观结构

以铝钛复合偶联剂( OL-AT-1618)、钛酸酯偶联剂(NDZ-311)、硬脂酸(StA)为表面改性剂对高岭土(高岭土)进行表面改性.研究表明:PP/改性高岭土复合材料与PP/未改性高岭土复合材料相比,其缺口冲击强度可提高15％,拉伸强度提高7％.扫描电镜照片显示,改性高岭土在PP基体中分散均匀.用广角X射线衍射仪对PP的结晶状况进行表征,发现高岭土的填充量和偶联剂的用量对各衍射峰的位置几乎没有影响,但衍射峰强度略有变化.用差示扫描量热仪对PP的结晶速率进行研究,发现高岭土在较小的过冷度下可诱导PP结晶,使PP的结晶速率有所提高.     

Effect of Reinforcement Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Microfibrillar PP/PET and PET Single‐Polymer Composites

In situ PET microfibrils are created by drawing melt‐blended PP and PET. The drawn blend is used to prepare polymer/polymer MFCs, and isolated PET microfibrils are used for the manufacturing of MF‐SPCs. Samples are prepared with different fibril orientations to determine the effect of orientation on the mechanical properties of the two types of composites. The resulting composites show improvements in stiffness of 77% for uniaxial MFCs, and 125% for uniaxial MF‐SPCs, with the highest recorded modulus of 8.57 GPa for a uniaxial MF‐SPC sample. SEM observations confirm that the fibrillar structure and excellent alignment is maintained. The changes in the reinforcement effect with orientation are very similar to those predicted by the rule of mixtures for the crossply.

     

PP／PA66原位复合材料的成纤性与力学性能

用挤出－拉伸－注塑法制备了PP／PA66原位复合材料，研究了拉伸比（λ）和增容剂用量（Cg）对PA66成纤性和材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：增大λ有利于成纤，能明显提高材料的冲击强度（αk），拉伸强度（σt）也有增益；增加Cg不利于成纤，导致αk下降，但能改善界面粘结而使σt明显提高；材料σt和αk分别主要受界面结构和纤维形态控制，决定了它们随λ和Cg的变化规律。     

纤维类型对C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

利用化学气相浸渗法制备了Cf-C/SiC复合材料,借助SEM、TEM等研究了纤维类型对Cf-C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响.实验证明T300碳纤维增韧补强效果优于M40碳纤维,利用T300碳纤维制备出弯曲强度为459M,断裂韧性为20.0MPa*m1/2,断裂功为25170J/m2的Cf-C/SiC复合材料.2种碳纤维增韧效果的差异是由纤维的原始强度、热膨胀系数和弹性常数的不同决定的.     

柠檬石膏/聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能

研究了柠檬石膏及表面处理柠檬石膏对聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的力学性能、微观形貌、结晶度、熔点的影响。结果表明:柠檬石膏的加入使复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量有不同程度提高,用钛酸酯和铝酸酯偶联剂对柠檬石膏进行表面处理后效果较好。扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果显示经过偶联剂表面处理的柠檬石膏在PP中分散的较未处理的柠檬石膏均匀。差示扫描量热(DSC)结果表明:柠檬石膏的加入在提高PP的结晶度同时,对复合材料的熔点几乎没有影响;相比未表面处理的柠檬石膏,表面处理后的柠檬石膏对复合材料中PP的结晶度和熔点均没有显著影响。     

PP/POE/BaSO4三元复合体系力学性能研究

采用2步法工艺制备了PP／POE／BaSO4[聚丙烯／（乙烯／辛烯共聚物）／硫酸钡]、PP／POE／偶联剂处理BaSO4和PP／POE／马来酸酐处理BaSO4三元复合体系。前2种三元复合体系形成了完全分离结构，而后1种三元复合体系形成了核壳包覆结构。力学性能研究表明，具有核-壳结构的三元复合体系的拉伸屈服应力、冲击韧性大于具有完全分离结构的三元复合体系，但前者的弯曲模量与断裂伸长率小于后者。     

Mechanical and rheological properties of PP/SEBS/OMMT ternary composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/OMMT binary nanocomposites and PP/styrene‐6‐(ethylene‐co‐butylenes)‐6‐styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS)/OMMT ternary nanocomposites were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rheology and electromechanical testing machine. The results show that the organoclay layers are mainly intercalated and partially exfoliated in the PP‐based nanocomposites. The additions of SEBS and OMMT have no significant effect on the crystallization behavior of PP. At the same time, it can be concluded that the polymer chains of PP and SEBS have intercalated into the organoclay layers and increase the gallery distance after blending process based on the analytical results from TEM, XRD, and rheology, which result in the form of a percolated nanostructure in the PP‐based nanocomposites. The results of mechanical properties show that SEBS filler greatly improve the notched impact strength of PP, but with the sacrifice of strength and stiffness. OMMT can improve the strength and stiffness of PP and slightly enhance the notched impact strength of PP/PP‐g‐MA. In comparison with neat PP, PP/OMMT, and PP/SEBS binary composites, notched impact toughness of the PP/SEBS/OMMT ternary composites significantly increase. Moreover, the stiffness and strength of PP/SEBS/OMMT ternary nanocomposites are slightly enhanced when compared with neat PP. It is believed that the synergistic effect of both SEBS elastomer and OMMT nanoparticles account for the balanced mechanical performance of the ternary nanocomposites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Mechanical Properties of Alumina/Silicon Carbide Whisker Composites

The improvement of mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/SiC whisker composites has been studied with emphasis on the effects of the whisker content and of the hot-pressing temperature. Mechanical properties such as fracture toughness and fracture strength increased with increasing whisker content up to 40 wt%. In the case of the high SiC whisker content of 40 wt%, fracture toughness of the sample hot-pressed at 1900° decreased significantly, in spite of densification, compared with one hot-pressed at 1850°. Fracture toughness strongly depended on the microstructure, especially the distribution of SiC whiskers rather than the grain size of the Al₂O₃ matrix.     

碳纤维/聚合物自润滑复合材料的机械及摩擦性能

采用以钢铁为基体高分子自润滑复合材料为衬层制作的传动件,兼有优良的减磨耐磨性能和高的承载能力。研究了组分对复合材料性能的影响,制备了机械和摩擦学性能好的碳纤维增强复合材料,其黏结强度和压缩强度分别达到16~18 MPa和85~91 MPa,冲击强度达19.67~23.45 kJ/m2;与锡青铜ZQSn6-6-3摩擦对比试验表明,复合材料在重载工况下具有更优良的摩擦性能,工作状况稳定,油摩擦因数为0.077,仅为ZQSn6-6-3的59%。试验还发现,轻载启动和在摩擦面开设润滑油槽有助于改善摩擦状况。     

玻璃纤维/嵌段共聚聚酰亚胺复合材料力学性能的研究

采用热塑性聚酰亚胺膜熔渗法,制备了单向玻璃纤维/嵌段共聚聚酰亚胺膜层压复合材料,考察了嵌段共聚聚酰亚胺的理论分子量、嵌段比(由BPDA段含量表示)对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,分子量和嵌段比能显著影响嵌段共聚聚酰亚胺的分子链柔性,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、层间剪切强度和冲击强度均随理论分子量的增大或刚性段含量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,最大弯曲强度、最大弯曲模量、最大层间剪切强度和最大冲击强度分别达到1224.52MPa、31.82GPa、70.56MPa和447.55kJ/m2。     

Effect of Wood Fibers on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene/Wood Composites

The effects of wood fibers on the rheological and mechanical properties of polystyrene/wood (PS/wood) composites were investigated. The composites with different ratios of PS and wood were prepared by means of internal mixer and, additionally, two different sizes of the wood particles were used, such as ～100 and ～600 µm. The rheological properties were studied using capillary rheometer, apparent shear rate, apparent shear stress, apparent viscosity, power law index, and flow activation energy at a constant shear stress were determined. The rheological results showed that the shear stress–shear rate variations obeyed a power law equation, and the composites exhibited shear thinning. The flow activation energy of the composites increased with the addition of wood particles. Mechanical results showed that stress at break of the composites was higher than that of pure PS, whereas the strain at break and impact strength of the composites were lower than that of PS. In addition, the mechanical properties of the present composites were improved when the small size of wood particles were incorporated.     

聚丙烯/n-SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/纳米SiO2复合材料,并通过力学性能测试、DSC分析以及材料断面形貌分析等手段,对增强增韧效果进行了研究。结果表明,加入纳米SiO2能提高了PP的结晶速率,使结晶度增大。当纳米SiO2的质量分数为2%时可使PP/nSiO2复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高2倍,拉伸强度稍微下降。     

聚丙烯/碳纳米管微孔注塑发泡行为及力学性能

研究了不同含量单壁碳纳米管(CNT)的加入对聚丙烯(PP)流变、热稳定性及微孔注塑发泡行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着CNT含量从不足1.0 %(质量分数,下同)逐渐增加,PP熔体黏度显著增大,热稳定性逐渐提升,即使CNT的加入量仅为0.15 %也会产生团聚现象,但团聚体尺寸较小且与基体结合紧密;微孔发泡注塑样品中泡孔分布不均匀,泡孔尺寸范围在10~70 μm,直径随着CNT含量增加呈现先减小后增大;PP/CNT复合材料微孔发泡成型后,弹性模量、屈服应力下降不大,但断裂伸长率平均提升了近400 %,不同组分发泡样品间力学性能指标变化不大。     

松香超分散剂含量对塑木复合材料性能影响

以松香、二乙撑三胺和12-羟基硬脂酸为原料合成了松香超分散剂(RDH),研究不同RDH含量对塑木复合材料的力学性能、结晶性能及相容性的影响。结果表明,随着RDH加入量的增加,塑木复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都呈先增后减的变化趋势;当RDH质量分数为1.0%时,塑木复合材料的相容性较好。     

Mullite/Alumina Particulate Composites by Infiltration Processing: III, Mechanical Properties

The effect of incorporating mullite into alumina by an infiltration process on the mechanical properties was investigated. Data for Young's modulus, strength, and fracture toughness for various composite compositions were compared with those for the unreinforced matrix (alumina). Measurements of Young's modulus by a resonance technique showed that the addition of mullite decreased Young's modulus. Up to 14 vol%, these changes were close to those expected, but above this mullite content, the decrease was more dramatic and indicated specimen damage during processing. The addition of mullite led, in some cases, to increases of more than 60% in both the strength (biaxial flexure) and indentation fracture toughness. These increases have been attributed to the method of introducing mullite and the resulting residual compressive surface stresses. The strength of the indented composite bodies deviated from the ideal behavior, indicating the probability of R -curve behavior in these materials.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mullite–Silicon Carbide Composites

Mullite-SiC-whisker composites were prepared by powder processing using two commercial SiC whiskers. These composites were prepared by sintering rather than hot-pressing. A mulliteSlC-powder composite and a base line mallite material were also prepared for comparison with the two whisker composite materials. Fracture toughness measurements showed significant enhancement in only one of the whisker composite materials. The microstructure of the four materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assist in the explanation of the mechanical behavior of these composites. The examinations suggested that most of the toughening results from second-phase particles, with only limited toughening from effects associated with whiskers per se. In one case, higher toughness was partially associated with the formation of sialon phase by reaction with the whiskers and the furnace environment.     

Composition-dependent properties of polyethylene/Kaolin composites. III. Thermoelastic behavior of injection-molded samples

Injection-molded samples of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) differing in the orientation pattern (with respect to the melt flow direction) and in filler content (untreated and surface-treated Kaolin, respectively) were characterized by wide-angle X-ray scattering, microhardness, and stretching calorimetry techniques. The crystallinity of the polymer matrix in filled samples shows the same value as that found for the neat polymer regardless, filler content, and/or filler surface treatment. The thermoelastic behavior of all samples in the strain interval below the apparent yield point ε* is quantitatively discussed in terms of classical equations for elastic solids. Analysis of thermoelastic parameters of the boundary interphase (BI) reveal an unusually stiff, highly oriented structure of the matrix polymer within BI. Discrepancies of experimental values for the internal energy increment in the inelastic strain interval above ε* between unfilled and filled samples is explained in terms of the filler debonding process. The latter process is discussed in light of the formation of a polymer-free filler surface and of the concomitant inelastic deformation (plastic flow) of a polymer matrix in the interstitial space between filler particles. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1041–1048, 1999     

熔融插层法制备聚丙烯／粘土复合材料及性能研究-I增容剂对聚丙烯／粘土复合材料力学性能的影响

通过添加不同含量的粘土制备了三个不同类型（PP／DK1,PP／PPMA／DK1,PP／PPMA＋DK1）纳米粘七／聚丙烯复合材料。使用力学性能测试对实验样品进行力学性能分析,结果表明：相对于纯聚丙烯,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率随着粘土含量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势;而随着PPMA量的增加,基体的总体性能都呈现下降的趋势。     

不同相容剂对PP/木粉复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了3种相容剂和3种偶联剂分别在单独使用和配合使用情况下对PP/木粉(质量比50/50)复合材料力学性能的影响。相容剂PP-g-MAH、PE-g-MAH、SBS-g-MAH单独使用发现:SBS-g-MAH使材料综合性能最好,PE-g-MAH对冲击强度提高明显。硅烷偶联剂HP-172在提高复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度方面较好,HP-174对弯曲性能改善较好,钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201仅对弯曲模量有所改善,而对其它性能改善不大。相容剂与偶联剂共同使用具有协同效应,其中HP-174与SBS-g-MAH并用效果最好,使各项力学性能都有提高。     

碳布复合材料力学性能研究

测试了两种不同经纬编织密度和不同含胶量的碳布／环氧复合材料的基本力学性能，对碳纤维复丝及碳布在复合材料中的强度利用率作了比较与分析。结果表明：适当增大含胶量有利于改善复合材料的力学性能；经纬编织密度对复合材料力学性能的影响同样不可忽视。