超细硫酸钡化合反应研究

比较了制备超细硫酸钡的两种化合工艺，选择了较易实现的剧烈搅拌法，确定了最佳工艺条件为：间歇反应，在NaSO4溶液和BaS溶液的浓度分别为1．000mol/L和0．5000mol/L、温度为40℃、在300r/min搅拌速度下快速将Na2SO4溶液加入BaS溶液中并连续搅拌1min，所得BaSO4颗粒粒径小、耗能少。探讨了连续化实验方案。     

柠檬酸三钠对低钠光卤石分解制备氯化钾晶体粒度影响研究

针对光卤石分解制备的氯化钾晶体平均粒径小导致过滤、洗涤损失大以及干燥能耗高的问题,以柠檬酸三钠为成核抑制剂,考察了柠檬酸三钠添加浓度、加入光卤石溶液的浓度、搅拌速率、停留时间、加入光卤石溶液的体积、加液速率对氯化钾晶体粒度的影响。在单因素实验的基础上采用3因素3水平的Box-Behnken响应面优化设计方法做了研究。结果表明：在柠檬酸三钠添加浓度为0.007 mol/L、加入光卤石溶液质量浓度为0.759 g/mL、搅拌速率为372.52 r/min、停留时间为40 min、加入光卤石溶液体积为100 mL、加液速率为2 mL/min的条件下可制得平均粒径为595.892 μm的氯化钾晶体,是未添加柠檬酸三钠、其他实验条件不变时所得氯化钾产品的平均粒径（351.607 μm）的1.69倍,并且氯化钾产品纯度为95.82%,符合GB/T 7118—2008《工业氯化钾》质量标准要求。实验结果为提高氯化钾产品的粒度提供参考。     

Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰处理苯酚废水的研究

以模拟苯酚废水为研究对象,初步研究了Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰体系处理有毒有机废水时各影响因子的作用机制。通过混凝搅拌实验,确定了室温时先快速搅拌1 min（转速为350 r/min）、然后慢速搅拌10 min（转速为50 r/min）、再静置沉淀30 min条件下,Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水（质量浓度为100 mg/L）的最佳条件：pH为4,加入质量分数为5%的硫酸亚铁溶液2 mL,加入质量分数为3%的过氧化氢溶液5 mL。在此条件下苯酚的去除率达到85.2%。实验还发现,再增加投加改性粉煤灰,投加量为100 mg/L时,苯酚的去除率可达到99.3%。并通过自由基的氧化和混凝吸附两种机理对这种促进作用进行了解释。Fenton试剂-改性粉煤灰体系处理苯酚废水具有处理效率高、反应速率高、成本低廉、操作方便等优点,具有较好的实际应用前景。     

盐湖卤水制备电池级碳酸锂工艺影响因素研究

以盐湖卤水氯化锂溶液与碳酸钠溶液反应结晶制备电池级碳酸锂,由于反应条件、杂质离子、搅拌速度等的影响,生产出的碳酸锂品质不符合行业标准。通过对反应条件中高锂液的锂钠摩尔比、反应温度、搅拌速度、杂志离子等的影响研究,得出复杂盐湖卤水体系制备电池级碳酸锂工艺的最佳控制条件,即Li+/Na+物质的量比约为5. 5,反应温度为70℃,搅拌速度为400r/min,碳酸钠摩尔浓度为2. 45mol/L,主要杂质离子B含量小于10mg/L,加料方式为碳酸钠溶液加入到氯化锂盐水体系当中,从而得到的碳酸锂纯度≥99. 5%,符合电池级碳酸锂标准。     

亚微米级TATB的制备工艺条件对其粒径的影响

采用溶剂-非溶剂法制备亚微米级TATB,探讨了工艺条件对亚微米级TATB粒径的影响.通过单因素和正交试验对各种影响因素进行了研究,并测试了产品细化前后的能量输出变化.结果表明,影响TATB粒径的主要因素为溶液的质量浓度、溶液与水的温度差、搅拌速率、溶液滴加速率、干燥方式.通过正交实验得到最佳工艺条件为:溶液的质量浓度为23.6 g/100 mL,温度差70℃,搅拌速率1600 r/min,滴加速率为0.75 mL/s,真空冷冻干燥.产品的粒径在较大程度上取决于溶液与水的温度差.细化TATB的能量输出较原料有一定程度的提高.     

聚合磷硫酸铁-聚丙烯酰胺絮凝体系处理含镍废水的实验研究

研究了以聚合磷硫酸铁(PFPS)作为絮凝剂处理含镍废水,为了提高废水处理效果,加入聚丙烯酰胺溶液(PAM)作为助凝剂,并通过单因素条件实验,确定了最佳助凝实验条件:含镍废水(10 mg/mL)pH=7,PFPS用量为69.31 mg,搅拌时间10 min,静置时间60 min。     

高碳铬铁制备氢氧化铬的研究

以高碳铬铁合金粉为原料,经过硫酸高温搅拌浸出,通过草酸除铁法除铁后得到含杂质量低的硫酸铬溶液,然后用碳酸氢铵调节硫酸铬溶液pH得到氢氧化铬沉淀.研究了溶液中铬离子浓度、反应温度、pH以及各种添加剂对铬(Ⅲ)的沉淀回收率及氢氧化铬沉淀过滤性的影响.通过实验得到溶液中铬(Ⅲ)回收的最佳条件:反应温度为85 ℃、溶液中铬(Ⅲ)质量浓度为10 g/L、pH=6.5、搅拌强度为200 r/min.在此条件下铬(Ⅲ)的回收率高达99%,并且氢氧化铬沉淀具有较好的过滤性, 滤液中铬质量浓度达0.001 5 g/L,完全可达到国家排放标准,具有一定的工业实用价值.     

陕西洋县膨润土的物相分析与改性研究

基于X射线粉晶衍射分析、化学成分分析数据,依据物质平衡原理,采用"相混合计算"方法,确定陕西洋县膨润土为钙基膨润土,主要矿物成分有蒙脱石、石英、高岭石、白云母、赤铁矿等.其中蒙脱石的含量为38.5%,晶胞参数为a0=0.5232 nm,b0=0.9056 nm,c0=1.5511 nm,β=89°3'.基于上述物相分析结果,对原矿土进行了提纯实验,以Na2CO3溶液为改性剂,将提纯后的蒙脱石制成改性土.通过10组实验,确定了影响改性效果的主要因素有矿浆浓度、Na2CO3溶液加入量、反应温度和搅拌时间.对改性土的X射线衍射分析证明改性成功,确定了优化改性条件,即在矿浆浓度1.64%(固液比1:60),改性剂Na2CO3溶液(浓度0.67 mol/L)的加入量为40 mL,反应温度65 ℃,中速搅拌的条件下,钠化改性效果最好.     

搅拌剪切力强化纳滤脱盐精制活性蓝染料溶液

通过一系列实验,对某染料厂提供的活性蓝染料溶液在搅拌剪切力强化作用下进行了纳滤脱盐精制研究.实验结果表明,搅拌转速为300 r/m in时产生的剪切力能有效控制浓差极化和减缓膜污染.在操作压力1.0 MPa、温度25℃、搅拌转速300 r/m in的操作条件下进行了预浓缩-连续恒容渗滤-后浓缩组合过程操作.先将料液预浓缩1.33倍,经过连续恒容渗滤,染料纯度从71.4%提高至99%以上,最后将染料溶液浓缩2倍,以降低后续喷雾的能耗.在此基础上,进行了模拟计算,为工业化提供依据.     

西宁盆地坡缕石黏土对铅离子吸附性能的研究

以西宁盆地坡缕石黏土为吸附剂,研究了其对铅离子吸附性能的影响。考察了黏土的改性方法、搅拌时间、黏土投加量、吸附温度、溶液初始铅离子质量浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:西宁盆地坡缕石黏土对铅离子具有良好的吸附性能。适宜的吸附条件:采用硫酸为改性剂,硫酸用量为10 g黏土加入0.049 g硫酸;搅拌时间为50 min,黏土投加量为100 mL铅液加入0.10~0.15 g黏土,吸附温度为室温。在此条件下,当溶液中铅离子初始质量浓度为107.65 mg/L时,黏土对铅离子的吸附容量达到107 mg/g以上,铅离子去除率接近100%。在实验质量浓度范围内,铅离子在黏土上的吸附符合Langmuir等温线。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。