财务管理与风险防范

随着市场经济的发展,企业财务管理由"生产导向型"转为"财务管理导向型",财务风险加大.列出了9条规避财务风险的可行措施.     

基于OBE理论的物理化学有效教学模式的构建研究

物理化学是化学及相关专业本科生必修的专业主干课程之一。OBE教育理念是以培养目标反向设计教学模式，实现“学生为中心”的教学转变。以目标(从知识导向型向能力导向型转变)为导向，反向设计教学方法、教学技术、教学内容等，构建物理化学学习的有效教学模式。这种教学模式，可促进深度学习，提高学生的创新能力和价值情怀，有效促进综合素质型人才的培养。     

浅谈"投资估算"与"财务评价"在《可行性研究报告》中的作用

“投资估算”与“财务评价”在《可行性研究报告》中起着十分重要的作用。第一，投资估算是制定融资方案、进行经济评价的基础，也是进一步编制初步设计概算的依据；第二，“投资估算”和“财务评价”是银行贷款的依据，是国家编制建设投资计划的重要依据；第三，“投资估算”与“财务评价”是投资决策和方案比选的重要依据。由于上述原因，“投资估算”与“财务评价”是可行性研究的核心内容，在《可行性研究报告》中具有举足轻重的地位。     

上药集团叩开欧美门 已与10多家药企建立合作

全球医药行业90％以上的利润在欧美，中国制药要做大做强必须进入欧美市场。可一无专利二无品牌，美国食品药品管理局（FDA）认证和欧洲药典委员会（EDQM）认证，又是公认的药品市场准入“高门槛”，进入谈何容易？机会出现在近几年大多数跨国药企的专利药保护即将到期，欧美劳动力成本居高不下，跨国药企从以往“专利高赢利型”转向将原料药生产外移的“成本导向型”。     

论防范化工企业财务风险的机制与方法

在化工企业经营活动过程中,企业财务活动要围绕预定的财务目标进行,需要有效地防范财务风险.论述了化工企业健全财务风险的防范机制,提出了化工企业实施财务风险的控制方法和防范财务风险的具体措施.     

略论企业集团财务管理

分析了国内集团公司目前的基本财务问题，从财务管理目标、管理体制、财务风险等方面提出解决方法。     

加强企业财务风险控制研究

1财务风险概述 1．1风险的定义 决策理论学家把风险定义为损失的不确定性。因为人们难以确切地知道何时何地会发生损失及其大小，风险便由此产生，风险的这一定义称为狭义定义。     

找准风险点建立警戒线——江苏油田供销处着力推进“阳光工程”建设

查找“风险点”是风险防范管理的基础，从某种意义上说，无异于是将所有权力“晒”之于众。江苏油田供销处通过“三查”，找准风险点，并进行风险等级评定，亮化重点防控部门和岗位，确保预警防范工作落到实处。     

基于财务分层管理理论的公司财务风险控制

主体不明、职责不是财务风险管理过程中存在的普遍现象。财务分层管理理论为财务风险的分层控制提供了理论支持。所有者、经营者、财务经理的财权不同,在财务风险控制中担任的角色、承担的责任、应该发挥和所能发挥的作用也不一样。将财务分层管理理论与财务风险控制方法嵌合,建立主体明确、职责清晰的公司财务风险分层控制体系,对加强公司财务风险管理具有重要意义。     

中小企经营环境指数跌至负数

根据香港生产力促进局(促进局)辖下中小型企业中心在今年三月进行的调查结果显示，本港中小企普遍对第二季(四至六月)的经营环境看淡，总体经营环境指数由上季的0．5％，大幅下跌六个百分点至．5．3％，相比“九一一”事件发生後的指数还要低，主因是风险估计、市场机会，以及财务及投资状况三方面的指数，都出现较大的跌福，     

Managing the trade-offs between financial performance and credit solvency in the optimal design of supply chain networks under economic uncertainty

Inherent uncertainties and risks in the economic environment are diffused to all vital operations of a supply chain network (SCN). However, the great impact of this contagion is on the financial operation due to its interdependence with financial markets and business conditions. Economic uncertainty poses uncertainty in the financial status of SCNs and this in turns leads to sustainability and growth risks. Financial performance and credit solvency are two essential pillars of financial status capable of providing the necessary capitals to a SCN. As each of these pillars focuses on a different aspect of investment attractiveness, underlined trade-offs exist, under various economic conditions, and challenge further investigation. This paper aims to enrich the SCN design literature by introducing a mathematical model that integrates financial performance and credit solvency modelling with SCN design decisions under economic uncertainty. The proposed multi-objective mixed integer non linear programming (moMINLP) model enchases financial performance through economic value added (EVA™) and credit solvency through a valid credit scoring model (Altman's Z-score). The applicability of the model is illustrated by using a real case study. The model could be used as an effective strategic decision tool by managers responsible for strategic SCN design.     

用财务数据识别分析特大型能源化工企业法律风险的个案探讨

在企业法律风险识别和分析的诸多方法中,存在主观性的问题。运用企业的财务数据来识别、分析企业法律风险具有客观性的优势。根据特大型、跨行业企业集团资本支出、营业收入的分布、变化和趋势,可以有效地进行法律资源的配置和优化法律风险防控。     

Inference for asymmetric exponentially weighted moving average models

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model in ‘Risk-Metrics’ has been a benchmark for controlling and forecasting risks in financial operations. However, it is incapable of capturing the asymmetric volatility effect and the heavy-tailed innovation, which are two important stylized features of financial returns. We propose a new asymmetric EWMA model driven by the Student's t-distributed innovations to take these two stylized features into account and study its maximum likelihood estimation and model diagnostic checking. The finite-sample performance of the estimation and diagnostic test statistic is examined by the simulated data.     

Capacity Investment Planning for Multiple Vaccines Under Uncertainty: 2: Financial Risk Analysis

Capacity investment planning is a major decision for a vaccine company. Traditionally, due to the inherent flexibility used in almost all vaccine processes and risk-averse decisions, companies always started with limited capacities, thereby reducing the initial capital investment. However, in order to fulfil fast-growing vaccine demands, good and balanced financial risk management for capacity expansion is required to satisfy future demand without over committing capital. To complement the use of financial risk management, known probabilistic definitions of some classical risk measures such as expected downside risk (EDR), opportunity value (OV), value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are adapted to be used in a scenario-based model for capacity investment planning for manufacture of multiple vaccines. Using these definitions, new models that manage financial risks and aid decisions are developed. Computational results and decision-making analysis methods are also presented and discussed. Numerical results show that this approach enables one to consider and manage the financial risk associated with the different designdjjf\ options, resulting in a set of solutions that can be used for decision-making.     

化工园区Na-Tech风险定量评价方法

自然灾害引发的技术灾害（Na-Tech）对工业设施及生产设备带来了风险,加上化工园区聚集着大量危险化学品,这种耦合风险的扩大效应极易造成园区及周围区域的巨大经济损失和人员伤亡,因此化工园区Na-Tech事故逐渐受到广泛关注。本文通过对化工园区多灾种耦合风险影响因素进行辨识,分析耦合风险系统结构及作用机理,建立耦合风险系统结构模型与耦合风险演化模型,提出地震灾害引发的Na-Tech事故中设备泄漏概率模型;以某化工园区为例,应用耦合风险模型及设备泄漏概率模型,利用QRA软件对多灾种耦合下化工园区风险进行定量评价,对比传统工业灾害和地震灾害下个人风险和社会风险,得出地震灾害对化工园区风险影响,为化工园区多灾种耦合风险研究提供理论与方法支撑。     

2014年中国经济形势分析与展望

2014年中国宏观经济保持稳定增长具备不少有利条件,深化改革将进一步激发经济活力,国内需求和供给潜力巨大,国际环境趋于改善;与此同时,也面临经济回升基础不牢、产能过剩、财政风险积累等不利因素。综合国内外经济发展环境分析,预计2014年中国经济总体保持平稳增长态势,GDP同比增长7.5%左右。     

Trends in Biobased Chemistry

The chemical industry has been based almost exclusively on fossil feedstocks for nearly a century, but biobased feedstocks are becoming economically competitive for certain materials and geographies. Fossil feedstocks are projected to continue to be abundant and relatively inexpensive for the foreseeable future in the USA. Therefore, the commercialization of biobased chemicals and materials will need to proceed with a strategic business discipline within this context. Commercial strategies which target conventional or “incumbent” chemicals and materials have lower financial risks associated with them and a significantly shorter time to market.     

Efficient estimation and particle filter for max‐stable processes

Extreme values are often correlated over time, for example, in a financial time series, and these values carry various risks. Max‐stable processes such as maxima of moving maxima (M3) processes have been recently considered in the literature to describe time‐dependent dynamics, which have been difficult to estimate. This article first proposes a feasible and efficient Bayesian estimation method for nonlinear and non‐Gaussian state space models based on these processes and describes a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm where the sampling efficiency is improved by the normal mixture sampler. Furthermore, a unique particle filter that adapts to extreme observations is proposed and shown to be highly accurate in comparison with other well‐known filters. Our proposed algorithms were applied to daily minima of high‐frequency stock return data, and a model comparison was conducted using marginal likelihoods to investigate the time‐dependent dynamics in extreme stock returns for financial risk management.     

A systems based approach for financial risk modelling and optimisation of the mineral processing and metal production industry

Large scale engineering process systems are subject to a variety of risks which affect the productivity and profitability of the industry in the long run. This paper outlines the short comings of the current methods of risk quantification and proposes a systems engineering framework to overcome these issues. The functionality of the developed model is illustrated for the case of mineral processing and metal production industries using a copper ore processing and refined metal production case study. The methodology provides a quantitative assessment of the risk factors and allows the opportunity to minimise financial losses, which would help investors, insurers and plant operators in these sectors to make appropriate risk hedging policies. The models developed can also be coupled with evolutionary or swarm based algorithms for optimising the systems. A numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the proposition.     

High-throughput crystallography at an affordable cost: the TB Structural Genomics Consortium Crystallization Facility

The crystallization facility of the TB Structural Genomics Consortium, one of nine P50 structural genomics centers sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, provides TB consortium members with automated crystallization, data collection, and basic molecular replacement structure solution up to bias-minimized maps. In contrast to venture capital -funded commercial enterprises, the TB consortium facilities are decentralized and aim to develop high-throughput crystallography methods and automation on a comparatively small budget. In addition to financial constraints, the logistics and organization of a production environment differ considerably from academic settings. The TB Structural Genomics Consortium crystallization facility may thus provide a model for cost-effective, efficient high-throughput crystallography. Processes and methods presented in this review should assist academic institutions planning to invest in high-throughput structural biology to assess both the rewards and risks of establishing structural genomics programs.