区间上非线性程序的终止性判定

分析了如下类型程序的终止性:While x∈Ω do {x:=f(x)} end.其中,x是程序变量,Ω是一个区间,f是一个连续函数.这类程序被称为区间上非线性程序.证明了上面程序不终止的必要条件是函数在区间内部或边界上有不动点.如果不动点不在区间的边界,则上述结果是充要条件.仅仅在区间边界上有不动点的情况下,对函数略加限制,也建立了相应结果.特别地,对逐段多项式连续函数程序的终止性给出了完备判定算法.     

构造有限域上具有给定阶点的椭圆曲线

考虑有限域上椭圆曲线的构造.设q是一个奇素数的方幂,l是一个素数.证明了,如果GF(q)[x]上的方程U²-D(x)V2=ε(x-a)^l有本原解,其中,D(x)∈GF(q)[x]是一个首1三次无平方因子的多项式,则椭圆曲线y²=D(x)上的点(a,b)的阶是l.由此,给出了一种构造具有给定阶点的椭圆曲线的算法.     

单向Hash函数的一种构造方法*

单向Hash函数已成为密码学的一个重要组成部分．给定任一定长单向Hash函数f：∑^m→∑^t,m>t，本文给出了利用f构造一单向Hash函数F的一种新方法，该方法易于并行化．     

Optimisation of a non linear fuzzy function

 We present a first study concerning the optimization of a non linear fuzzy function f depending both on a crisp variable and a fuzzy number: therefore the function value is a fuzzy number. More specifically, given a real fuzzy number ?∈F and the function f(a,x):R ²→R, we consider the fuzzy extension induced by f, f˜ : F × R → F, f˜(?,x) = Y˜. If K is a convex subset of R, the problem we consider is “maximizing”f˜(?,x), xˉ∈ K. The first problem is the meaning of the word “maximizing”: in fact it is well-known that ranking fuzzy numbers is a complex matter. Following a general method, we introduce a real function (evaluation function) on real fuzzy numbers, in order to get a crisp rating, induced by the order of the real line. In such a way, the optimization problem on fuzzy numbers can be written in terms of an optimization problem for the real-valued function obtained by composition of f with a suitable evaluation function. This approach allows us to state a necessary and sufficient condition in order that ∈K is the maximum for f˜ in K, when f(a,x) is convex-concave (Theorem 4.1).     

一类有限域丢番图方程的解及其应用

对一类有限域线性丢番图方程c≡x+by(mod N)进行了研究,求出了其通解及域中有效解的对数,并证明其能将部分曲线密码方案求解用户私钥的计算量降低为N/z, z为子群<-b>的最小非零元.指出了5个应用该类型方程曲线密码方案,最后以一个环Z_n上广义圆锥曲线多重数字签名方案私钥的求解为例进行说明.     

基于立体视觉的汽车安全气囊装配精度测评方法

本文提出了一种基于双目立体视觉检测而实现汽车安全气囊装配精度测评的方法,将CCD摄像机提供的待测安全气囊的图像与标准安全气囊的三维数模相结合,建立了汽车安全气囊轮廓检测点的位置公差V_x、V_y、V_z以及点所在轮廓曲线段的形状公差K作为装配精度参数的评价指标,自动完成轮廓尺寸参数的计算,判定待测安全气囊是否合格.实际验证结果表明,所建立的立体视觉安全气囊装配精度测评方法和指标可以快捷精确的评价汽车安全气囊的装配质量.     

利用Stein-Weiss解析函数性质的3维血管分割

目的 针对现有的血管分割方法对血管的分割精度尚有不足,尤其是对噪声等影响下的断裂血管,基于Stein-Weiss函数的解析性提出了一种新的3维血管分割算法,能够分割出更精细更清晰的血管。方法 首先,通过图像增强和窗宽窗位调节的预处理来增加血管点与背景的对比度。然后,将Stein-Weiss函数与梯度算子结合起来,把CT体数据的每一个体素都表示为一个Stein-Weiss函数,体素6邻域的灰度值作为Stein-Weiss函数各组成部分的系数。再求出Stein-Weiss函数在x、y、z 3个方向上的梯度值,大于某一个阈值时,便将此体素视为血管边缘上的点。最后,根据提取出血管边缘的2维CT切片重建出3维的血管。结果 对肝静脉的造影数据S70进行肝脏血管分割与3维重建的实验结果表明,利用该算法进行血管分割的敏感性和特异性相对于区域生长算法和八元数解析分割算法都较高。尤其是对于血管分割的去噪方面有明显优势,因此能够快速有效地分割出更清晰更精细的血管。结论 提出了一种新的血管分割算法,利用Stein-Weiss函数的解析性来提取血管的边缘,实验结果表明,此算法可以有效快速地去除血管噪声并得到更精细的分割结果。由于Stein-Weiss解析的性质可以适合任意维数,所以利用Stein-Weiss解析函数性质可以进行2维或更高维的图像边缘识别。     

基于距离比值的迭代分形图

由于逃逸时间算法不能绘制函数收敛区域,所以现有的分形图大都存在大片的黑色区域.提出一种新的构造分形图的方法:距离比值迭代法.该方法采用两点迭代,利用其距离比值的收敛次数来绘制分形图.利用距离比值迭代法绘制了复映射z←z^α+c的广义M-J集并分析其构图性质.距离比值广义M-J集的内部收敛区域具有复杂的细节和自相似结构,当α>0时其外部边界与经典M-J集一致,当α<0时能够绘制出经典M-J集所没有的复杂结构.     

命题线性时序逻辑的对偶模型问题的复杂性

定义了一个命题线性时序逻辑的对偶模型的概念.一个公式f的对偶模型是指f的满足以下条件的两个模型(即状态的w序列):在每个位置上这两个模型对原子命题的赋值都是对偶的.然后,对于确定一个公式f是否有对偶模型的判定问题(记为DM)和在一个Kripke-结构中确定是否存在从两个给定状态出发的对偶模型满足给定公式f的判定问题(记为KDM)的复杂性进行了研究.证明了以下结果:对于只含有F("Future")算子的命题线性时序逻辑,DM和KDM都是NP完全的;而对于以下命题线性时序逻辑,DM和KDM都是PSPACE完全的:含有F,X ("Next")算子的逻辑、含有U("Until")算子的逻辑、含有U,S,X算子的逻辑以及由Wolper给出的含有正规语言算子的逻辑(一般称为扩展时序逻辑,简称ETL).     

Trace 演算

文章定义了基于踪迹(trace)的逻辑语言L_Trace,它是一阶线性时序逻辑语言的扩充,同时也是“对象演算”研究工作的基础.Trace演算所述的“对象”用来刻画具有内部状态和外部行为的动态实体,语法上由对象标记表示.对象标记Ω=(S,F,A,E)包含4个部分:数据类型S、函数F、属性A和动作E.Σ=(S,F)构成通常代数规范意义下的标记,可将动作看成一广义数据类型,从而得到标记Σ的动作扩充ΣE.对象标记的语义解释结构由关于标记ΣE的代数、映射和动作与踪迹的关系定义.ΣE-代数给出关于数据参数的解释;映射给出属性在动作踪迹中所取的值;而动作与踪迹的关系则给出执行一有限踪迹以后该动作是否允许执行.在定义了Trace演算的语法和语义之后,文章给出了Trace演算的公理系统及其可靠性证明.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.