Morphology and Properties in Blended Cements with Ceramic Wastes as a Pozzolanic Material

This paper describes the research run on ceramic materials, and more specifically fired clay roof tiles, ground to a fineness suitable for use as an active replacement for portland cements (PCs). The utilization of waste products from calcined clay roof tiles as a pozzolanic material in the cement manufacture is studied. One of the first materials used as pozzolans in the history was thermal-treated clay, a material similar to the calcined clay precast elements. For this study, the materials selected are clay products that have been eliminated for different reasons: a wrong temperature inside the kiln, dimensional and mechanical failures, and durability loss. The results showed that these products have good pozzolanic properties; at an early age, the pozzolanic activity was found to be higher than fly ash, although it was lower than silica fume. The morphology of clay tile–PC pastes are similar to the morphology of the pastes containing other pozzolanic materials. Hydrated calcium aluminate products are generated when the preparation method yields less compact pastes with a greater voids' volume to accommodate these products. The hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques.     

Pore Structure Damage in Blended Cements Caused by Mercury Intrusion

Hydrated blast furnace slag and fly-ash cement blends have been shown to be very impermeable. Porosity measurements of these materials by methanol and helium pycnometry have been less than the values obtained by Hg intrusion to 410 MPa. Results of the three techniques for hydrated portland cement were the same. A technique was used in which mercury could be removed by distillation after Hg intrusion, and intrusion was then repeated. This was performed on several cements and cement blends. Pore-size distribution for the hydrated cement changed marginally but both blended materials changed markedly, displaying a coarser pore distribution. It was concluded that the latter bodies are composed of relatively large, but discontinuous pores, into which Hg enters by breaking through the pore structure.     

废塑料配比对混熔煤样失重参数的影响--高炉喷吹废塑料研究

为了对煤与废塑料混熔新工艺进一步实验探索,本文对高炉喷煤、废塑料及二者的混熔样进行燃烧特性研究,得出塑料对煤粉的燃烧有促进作用,对高炉的运行（如热能原料的供给、热能的获取周期等）是有利的,希望能引起同行的兴趣,为该技术的工业运用提供有用的理论数据.     

利用磷石膏制备低热、微膨胀复合水泥的研究

为大量利用磷石膏,本文采用在复合水泥中掺加磷石膏的方法,开展了制备低热、微膨胀复合水泥的试验研究,并采用DSC、XRD、SEM及等温水化热仪表征了该复合水泥的水化特征.研究结果表明:磷石膏具有显著的缓凝效果,通过掺加Na2SO4和提高磷石膏掺量的方法,可大幅度缩短水泥的凝结时间、提高水泥的早期强度.当磷石膏掺量超过10％时,水泥水化产物中钙矾石量显著增加,并出现二水石膏,硬化水泥浆体呈现出微膨胀性.通过调整磷石膏的掺量,可控制复合水泥的膨胀率.     

城市可燃废弃物在水泥工业中的应用

在介绍城市可燃废弃物的可用价值和使用原则的基础上，阐述了水泥工业利用可燃废弃物的特点，并以废轮胎和废机油为例说明燃烧过程和应用情况，还对水泥工业利用可燃废弃物所带来的环境、经济效益进行分析，最后对我国这项工作的试验情况作了简介。     

各产地高岭土在玻璃纤维生产中的应用研究

介绍了高岭土的成分、结构、矿相组成、形成原因及分类;从矿相组成、化学成分和烧失量、粒径大小及粒度分布等方面分析了美国、内蒙、宜昌、宜都、云南等地高岭土对玻璃熔化速度、熔化质量、玻璃颜色的影响。结果表明,在玻璃纤维生产中尤其是超细玻璃纤维生产中,美国高岭土更适宜作为玻璃纤维生产中引入Al2O3和SiO2的主要原料。     

The Influence of Activated Coal Mining Wastes on the Mineralogy of Blended Cement Pastes

In recent years, kaolinite‐based wastes are focusing the attention of researchers to obtain recycled metakaolinite, with consequent environmental and socioeconomic benefits. One of these lines of research is based on coal mining waste, which once activated thermally, it becomes a highly pozzolanic product (ACM). This study reports the influence of activated carbon mining waste on the formation and evolution of the mineralogical phases in the ACM/cement system as well as their influence on the microstructure up to 90 d of reaction. Mineralogical analyses clearly show that the addition of ACM modified mineralogical compounds of blended cements. The C₄AH₁₃ and C₄AH₁₂ were the predominant phases in this type of cements; while in the ordinary portland cement cements, portlandite, ettringite, and carboaluminate were main hydrated phases. Two differential zones in the pore size distribution of the C–S–H gels at 12 and 4.5 nm were observed, predominating the formation of C–S–H gels at 12 nm when 20% of ACM was added to the cement.     

Potentiometric Study of the Reactivity of Calcined Magnesites for Use in Magnesium Oxychloride Cements

The reactivities of calcined magnesites for industrial use and of magnesium oxides prepared from basic magnesium carbonate were assessed by using potentiometry to monitor pH changes in aqueous suspensions following step wise acid additions. The results were compared with those obtained by calorimetric measurements performed during formation of magnesium oxychloride cement. The quality of cements made using these materials was checked by compressive strength determinations and found to correlate well with the experimental reactivities.     

Novel Making of Bacterial Cellulose Blended Polymeric Fiber Bandages

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a very promising biological material. However, at present its utilization is limited by difficulties in shape forming it. In this Communication, it is shown how this can be overcome by blending it with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer. BC:PMMA fibers are produced by pressurized gyration of blended BC:PMMA solutions. Subsequently, BC:PMMA bandage‐like scaffolds are generated with different blends. The products are investigated to determine their morphological and chemical features. Cell culture and proliferation tests are performed to obtain information on biocompatibility of the scaffolds.     

Use of Novoselitskii Kaolin for the production of high alumina fireclay

Conclusions The possibility of using Novoselitskii kaolin instead of Latnensk clay for the production of high alumina fireclay was studied.The addition of sulfite waste liquor favors an increase in the plasticity of the bodies and in the productivity of the extrusion press, a reduction in the optimum moisture content of the bodies, and strengthening of the briquet. Preliminary clacination at 700°C is a radical method of making a briquet for firing in a rotary kiln. Drying the briquet before feeding it to the kiln gives good results.Deceased.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 38–41, August, 1969.     

计算机程序在涂料混合溶剂配制中的应用

介绍了利用计算机程序对聚酯涂料混合溶剂的多种可能配比进行了综合考察和筛选,并对筛选出的几种混合溶剂配比进行试验验证,最后确定出最佳组分比的混合溶剂,从而大大减少了混合溶剂配制过程中的工作量。     

Characterization of Ceramic‐Based Construction and Demolition Waste: Use as Pozzolan in Cements

Depending on its composition and properties, construction and demolition waste (C&DW) may be used today as recycled aggregate to manufacture more eco‐efficient concrete, for drainage or as a sub‐base in roads and on occasion as a decorative or esthetic element in pedestrian pathways in parks and landscaped grounds. In Spain, 54% of C&DW is ceramic‐based (CB‐C&DW). Since the use of such waste as recycled aggregate is not envisaged in Spanish legislation, it is presently stockpiled in landfills, an environmentally, technically, and economically detrimental procedure. The CB‐C&DW recycled at 12 Spanish waste management plants was assessed to determine the feasibility of its use as an alternative to pozzolans such as silica fume and fly ash presently added to cement during manufacture. The proportion of ceramic‐based material contained in this recycled waste varied from plant to plant. The effect of the ceramic‐based material content on the chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology, and pozzolanic activity of CB‐C&DW was explored in a more exhaustive study of two types of waste, one with 20 and the other with 100% ceramic‐based material content. In light of its chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology and lime fixation capacity, this type of C&DW was found to be apt for use as a pozzolan, and hence as a valid alternative for manufacturing more eco‐efficient cements.     

综合利用粉煤灰和工业废料的有效途径

我国目前有几千家大中型煤炭生产企业和火力发电企业,每年有上亿t的工业废料排放,如粉煤灰、矿渣、炉渣、矸石等需要处置。企业为此耗资不斐,力求消化或转化这些工业废料,使其能综合利用,变废为宝。在此过程中出现了诸多利废项目,例如发展建筑制品的项目。但由于对材料的特性和相应的工艺、设备缺乏了解,对目标产品没有准确的市场定位,有些项目还只停留在“用”上,还谈不上“利”。选择适宜的项目,取得经济效益和社会效益成为摆在企业面前的重要课题。     

Use of complex Kaolin — Quartz — Feldspar raw material for porcelain manufacture

Glass and Ceramics -     

Predictability Gap Between Science and Technology of Cements: I, Characterization of Hydraulic Cements

Scientific publications fall, traditionally, into two general categories: reports of original research and state-of-the-art reviews of areas of research. In both types, scientists communicate with other scientists. If science is to Serve technology, however, there must be effective communication or transfer of information between the scientist and the technologist. At present, many believe that such transfer is not very effective and that this ineffectiveness contributes to the difficulty the technologist experiences in predicting the performance of materials. The authors plan a series of papers that will provide a critical assessment of what will be required if research is to improve predictability in the technology of cements. Part I discusses problems involved in the characterization of hydraulic cements in terms of reactivity, role of admixtures, surface area, crystal modification, and chemical composition.     

高岭土的传说

那是很久以前的故事,浮梁北乡有一家姓盛的穷苦夫妻,他们佃了大地主张剥皮的几亩薄田,一年到头,风里来,雨里去,好不容易打下一点粮食,可张剥皮的阎王账一翻,算盘珠一响,就会给刮去了.他们靠着红薯、萝卜和野菜当餐,日子苦得就像黄连一样.盛家夫妻日子过得虽然清苦,但心地却特别善良.听到谁家揭不开锅,他们就宁愿自己挨饿,也要省出点口粮送去.