NaA沸石膜的制备及在一氯甲烷脱水中的应用

以氢氧化钠、铝酸钠和硅溶胶为原料,利用热浸渍提拉法预涂晶种,在孔径为2～3μm的亲水性α-Al2O3载体和孔径为800nm的疏水性炭载体上制备NaA沸石膜。借助于X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的沸石膜进行了表征,采用单组分气体渗透法对NaA沸石膜的气体渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明:当H2渗透通量相近时,在亲水性α-Al2O3载体上制备的NaA沸石膜对H2/n-C4H10的分离因数为27.6,远远高于在疏水性炭载体上制备的NaA沸石膜的分离因数。NaA沸石膜在α-Al2O3载体上的生长速率为1.0μm/h,比在炭载体上生长速率快1倍,说明亲水性α-Al2O3载体更适合作为制备致密的强亲水性NaA沸石膜的载体。将在α-Al2O3载体上制备的NaA沸石膜用于一氯甲烷脱水实验,当进料水含量为0.252%(质量分数)时,水/一氯甲烷的分离因数为7.5×104。     

有支撑纯NaA和NaY沸石膜的合成

本文简要介绍有支撑纯NaA和NaY沸石膜的合成方法和结构分析结果.研究结果表明,通过对支撑体进行适当碱处理,用二次水热合成由适当组成的反应混合物可以在多孔陶瓷支撑体上合成堆积紧密的纯NaA和NaY沸石膜.     

在粗孔αAl2O3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5(ω)的NaA沸石悬浮液,对粗孔α-Al2O3(孔径3～5μm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种,进一步采取原位水热晶化法在((Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后,在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石,由SEM可观察到膜厚约15-20μm,膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3-5μm,晶体之间紧密孪生在一起,看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.05×10-6 mol/(m2(s(Pa), 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69,说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

支撑体材料对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响

采用水热合成法制备NaA型沸石分子筛膜,实验比较了α-AI2O3、ZrO2及TiO2三种支撑体对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响。XRD测定所合成的沸石分子筛膜是NaA型。SEM和渗透实验结果表明,沸石分子筛膜的性能与支撑体有关,TiO2优于ZrO2和α-AI2O3。TiO2支撑体上合成沸石分子筛膜的H2、N2渗透系数大小基本与膜两侧平均压力无关,理想分离系数约为8,高于Kundsen扩散分离因子3．74,表现有一定的分子筛分效应。     

含甲基纤维素的NaA沸石膜的制备和表征

NaA沸石膜具有规则的孔道结构,利于分子传输,在有机物脱水领域有一定的应用。为使沸石膜生长更连续均匀,提高渗透汽化性能,本文以甲基纤维素作为空间限制剂加入合成液,探究碱度、晶化温度以及晶化时间对膜的影响,按最优条件制备合成液,并依据质量比m(MC)∶m(H₂O)=1∶100添加甲基纤维素,制备NaA沸石膜。表征方法采用XRD、SEM和渗透汽化3种方式,结果表明添加甲基纤维素的沸石膜表面结构完整,生长致密且性能优良,在75℃下对0.6mol/L的NaCl水溶液做渗透汽化测试时,通量达8.33kg/(m²·h),盐离子截留率为99.95%。在0.6mol/L的NaCl的水溶液中测试72h,结果表明添加甲基纤维素的NaA沸石膜时间依存性更好,通量保持在8.30kg/(m²·h)左右,离子截留率稳定在99.90%。渗透汽化分离ω(C₂H₆O)=90%乙醇的水溶液,随着温度从60℃升高到75℃,沸石膜的通量由1.55kg/(m²·h)升高到2.56kg/(m²·h),渗透侧水含量保持在99.90%左右。     

NaA型分子筛膜用于医药工业异丙醇溶媒渗透汽化脱水(英文)

NaA zeolite membranes with 80 cm in length and 12.8 mm in outer diameter were prepared by our research group cooperating with Nanjing Jiusi Hi-Tech Co., China. The influence of dissolved inorganic salts and pH value in the feed of isopropanol (IPA) solution on NaA zeolite membranes was investigated. It was found that both factors exhibited strong influence on the stability of NaA zeolite membranes. A set of pretreatment steps such as pH adjustment and distillation of the IPA solution were proposed to improve stability for pervaporation dehydration. An industrial-scale pervaporation facility with 52 m2 membrane area was built to dehydrate IPA solution from industrial cephalosporin production. The facility was continuously operated at 368-378 K to dehydrate IPA solution from water mass content of 15%-20% to less than 2% with a feed flow rate of 400-500 L·h-1 and an average water flux of 1-1.5 kg·m-2·h-1. The successful application of this facility suggested a promising application of NaA zeolite mem-brane for IPA recovery from pharmaceutical production.     

MFI沸石中Maxwell-Stefan扩散系数与覆盖率的关系

基于描述多孔介质中表面扩散的Maxwell-Stefan（M-S）方程,结合本文动力学Monte Carlo（KMC）模拟及文献中分子动力学（MD）模拟数据,提出了MFI沸石中M-S扩散系数与覆盖率依赖关系的新表达式.该关系式考虑了分子间相互作用以及饱和吸附覆盖量对扩散系数与覆盖率依赖关系的影响,用于预测强受限组分CF₄、弱受限组分CH₄以及中度受限组分Xe等7种单组分在MFI沸石中的M-S扩散系数时,结果较现有其他关系式更为合理.     

在粗孔a-Al_2O_3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5%(w)的NaA沸石悬浮液,对粗孔a-Al2O3(孔径3~5 mm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种,进一步采取原位水热晶化法在a-Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后,在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石,由SEM可观察到膜厚约15~20 mm,膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3~5 mm,晶体之间紧密孪生在一起,看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.0510-6 mol/(m2sPa), 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69,说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

在粗孔a–Al2O3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5%(w)的NaA沸石悬浮液，对粗孔a-Al2O3(孔径3~5 mm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种，进一步采取原位水热晶化法在a-Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后，在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石，由SEM可观察到膜厚约15~20 mm，膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3~5 mm，晶体之间紧密孪生在一起，看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.05′10-6 mol/(m2×s×Pa)， 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6，超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69，说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

NaA分子筛膜的合成及在渗透蒸发中的应用

介绍了近几年来国内外在NaA分子筛膜的合成及应用方面的研究进展,重点介绍了NaA分子筛膜渗透蒸发的机理和在有机物脱水中的应用.提供了分子筛膜渗透蒸发与蒸馏过程在有机物脱水中的经济比较,发现渗透蒸发过程能降低一半成本.最后对NaA分子筛膜的制备和渗透蒸发进行了展望.     

蒸汽相转化和晶种二次生长法制备不对称NaA分子筛膜层

采用蒸汽相转化和晶种二次生长法,在大孔氧化铝载体上制备不对称Na A分子筛膜层。制备过程包括蒸汽相转化法在载体表面制备底层多孔Na A分子筛膜,再采用晶种二次生长法制备上层致密分子筛膜层。考察了凝胶Na2O/Al2O3比、凝胶前处理时间、凝胶水量以及蒸汽相转化时间对于蒸汽相转化法制备多孔Na A分子筛膜性能的影响,得到的优化条件为:凝胶组成为7.5Na2O:2Si O2:Al2O3:150H2O,前处理条件为50℃水浴加热5 h。在多孔Na A分子筛膜的表面涂覆120 nm晶种,二次生长制备得到下层带有孔洞上层致密的Na A分子筛膜。膜层的性能通过扫描电镜分析以及在质量分数为90%乙醇水溶液75℃条件下的渗透汽化表征,其通量为3.43 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为3 685。     

Synthesis of NaA and NaX Zeolite Membranes by Fumed Silica Via Clear Solution Gel

NaA zeolite membranes have been used for dehydration of organic solvents in laboratory and commercial scales. There are many synthesis methods and conditions for manufacturing the membranes. The use of lactescent and clear gel solutions are two of the most important choices for high quality hydrothermal synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane in gas separation or dehydration of organic solvents. In this article, effect of hydrothermal synthesis time was investigated using the clear gel solution (Al₂O₃:5SiO₂:50Na₂O:1000H₂O). Phase transformation from NaA to NaX was recognized as the most possible event when the clear gel solution was used. XRD spectra, SEM images, and GC analyses were used for evaluation of zeolite crystal phase, the membrane layer quality, and the contents of organic substances (ethanol or 2-propanol) in feed and permeate streams in pervaporation tests, respectively. From synthesis of zeolite membrane at different times, it was revealed that for achieving the pure NaA zeolite phase the synthesis time should not exceed 3 h at 100°C.     

Enhancement of NaA zeolite membrane properties through organic cation addition

Thin NaA zeolite membranes, with uniform and small crystals, were prepared on the tubular -Al₂O₃ support by adding a small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) in the clear synthesis solution. The as-synthesized NaA zeolite membranes were characterized by XRD and SEM. The permeation properties of the membranes were evaluated by pervaporation and gas permeation. The effects of TMAOH amount on membrane formation and permeation properties were investigated. By addition of suitable amount of TMAOH in the clear synthesis solution, the crystals size of NaA zeolite could be remarkably reduced from about 10 μm to 3–4 μm, and the membrane thickness correspondingly reduced from about 16 μm to 5 μm. The thinner membrane prepared by adding TMAOH in the clear synthesis solution, with uniform and small crystal, displayed higher perm-selective properties than that without adding TMAOH. For the as-synthesized NaA zeolite membrane prepared with adding suitable amount of TMAOH (x = 1), the separation factor (water/isopropanol) was 4700 and the flux was 1.67 kg/(m² h), which were higher than that without adding TMAOH of 339 and 1.08 kg/(m² h), respectively. The ideal separation factor of H₂/N₂ was 6.60, higher than that without adding TMAOH of 3.41.     

Preparation of NaA Membrane and Application on Dehydration of Chloromethane

以氢氧化钠、铝酸钠和硅溶胶为原料，利用热浸渍提拉法预涂晶种，在孔径为 2～3μm 的亲水性 α-Al2O3载体和孔径为 800nm 的疏水性炭载体上制备 NaA 沸石膜。借助于 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的沸石膜进行了表征，采用单组分气体渗透法对 NaA 沸石膜的气体渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明：当 H2渗透通量相近时，在亲水性 α-Al2O3载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜对 H2/n-C4H10的分离因数为 27.6，远远高于在疏水性炭载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜的分离因数。NaA 沸石膜在 α-Al2O3载体上的生长速率为 1.0μm/h，比在炭载体上生长速率快 1 倍，说明亲水性 α-Al2O3载体更适合作为制备致密的强亲水性 NaA 沸石膜的载体。将在 α-Al2O3载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜用于一氯甲烷脱水实验，当进料水含量为 0.252% （质量分数）时，水/一氯甲烷的分离因数为 7.5×104。     

载银/铜NaA分子筛的制备及抗菌性能研究

探讨了液相离子交换法制备载银/铜NaA分子筛抗菌剂的实验条件,并对载银/铜NaA分子筛样品中载银、铜的含量,抗变色性能及对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌性进行检测。结果表明,与单独载银的NaA分子筛相比,载银/铜NaA分子筛中银和铜含量分别达到5.5%和1.6%,色差更小,抗菌性显著提高。     

纳米晶种涂层法合成Silicalite-1沸石膜

用纳米晶种涂层二次生长成膜法在大孔a-Al2O3(孔径4~6 mm)陶瓷管上合成Silicalite-1沸石膜. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征分析了沸石膜的形态,并通过单组分气体渗透实验对合成膜管的渗透性能进行了测试. 结果表明,合成的Silicalite-1沸石膜连续、互生,看不出晶间孔;沸石膜层厚8~10 mm;常温常压下H2/N2的理想分离系数为3.9,超过其努森扩散值3.74,H2/C3H8的理想分离系数为19.1,远大于其Knudsen扩散比值4.69,且H2的渗透率达到1.43′10-6 mol/(m2×s×Pa). 气体分离数据表明,该膜没有明显的缺陷存在.     

Modeling of the Permeation of Thorium through Liquid Emulsion Membrane

Abstract

A general permeation model for the separation of thorium by liquid emulsion membrane (LEM), using theonyletrichloroacetone HTTA as a carrier is presented. The internal mass transfer in the W/O emulsion drop, the external mass transfer around the drop, the rates of formation, and the decomposition of the complex at the external aqueous‐organic interface were considered. Further, the leakage of the internal aqueous phase to the external phase due to the membrane break‐up is also taken into account. The batch extraction of thorium using HTTA as a carrier was carried out under various experimental conditions. It is found that the extraction rates can be satisfactorily simulated by the proposed model.     

多元混合气体在硅橡胶膜中的渗透传质研究

以O2、N2和Co2单组分及其多元混合气为目标气体,系统研究了他们在硅橡胶膜中的渗透传质行为,考察了压差和进气组成等因素对渗透通量和透过气组成的影响。实验结果表明,气体渗透通量随着压差的升高而增加,渗透快的气体在透过气中的含量也随着压差的升高而增加;透过气中慢气N2的体积分率总是低于其在进气中的体积分率,快气CO2的变化与之相反,而透过气中O2的体积分率可能高于也可能低于其在进气中的体积分率,取决于混合气中其他组分的性质及相互比例关系。