(TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的高温耐磨性能

本文采用混合盐法制备了(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al4.5Cu原位复合材料,研究了该复合材料在150℃下的干摩擦滑动磨损行为,并与基体合金进行对比.结果表明,载荷在10～20 N之间时,(TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的磨损量低于基体合金,但并不明显;随载荷的增加(特别是当载荷超过30 N之后),复合材料的磨损量仍低于基体合金,且复合材料的磨损量增大的速度小于基体合金磨损量的增长速度.(TiB3 Al3Ti)/Al-4.5 Cu原位复合材料同45钢对磨时的主要磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.随着原位反应体系中混合盐含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能提高,并逐渐由粘着磨损向磨粒磨损过渡.     

TiC/A1-4.5Cu原位复合材料的相结构特征

采用熔体接触反应法制备了TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,通过光学显微镜、透射电镜等,对TiC颗粒增强Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的相结构进行分析。结果表明,5%TiC/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料的主要增强相为TiC;TiC弥散分布在α-Al基体中,与基体结合良好且界面光滑。在5%TiC/Al-4.5Cu原位复合材料中TiC呈球形或近球形,颗粒细小,其尺寸约为0.1～0.5μm;而在5%TiC/Al-4.5Cu-ХMg原位复合材料中TiC呈规则六边形,颗粒较大,其尺寸约为0.5～0.8μm。     

原位增强Al-4.5Cu合金的高温干摩擦磨损行为研究

采用混合盐反应法制备了（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／Al-4．5Cu原位复合材料，研究了高温下载荷和温度对该复合材料同球磨铸铁对磨时干摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明，高温下（100—250℃）（TiB2＋Al3Ti）／Al-4．5Ca复合材料的耐磨性优于基体合金；200℃、载荷低于30N时，复合材料的磨损量增长缓慢，但随载荷增大至60N，其磨损量增长迅速；载荷为30N、试验温度超过200℃时，复合材料的磨损量大幅度上升。复合材料在于摩擦条件下较适宜在低于200℃下工作。     

Mg含量对原位TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料微观组织与拉伸性能的影响

采用接触反应法制备了原位TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,借助光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜研究了向基体合金中添加不同含量的Mg对复合材料微观组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着Mg的添加量由0.8%(质量分数,下同)增加到2.0%,TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料的延伸率下降,而抗拉强度在1.5%Mg时,达到极值。与同等条件下制备的不含Mg的TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料相比,抗拉强度提高了17.7%,但延伸率下降了17.9%。TiC颗粒的细化有助于复合材料力学性能的提高,但针状Al2CuMg相的析出阻碍了复合材料塑性的进一步提高。TiC/Al-4.5Cu-Mg复合材料中TiC颗粒尺寸为100nm左右。     

超声处理对原位颗粒增强铸造Al-Si-Cu复合材料组织的影响

采用接触反应法制备原位颗粒增强铸造Al-12Si-4Cu复合材料,研究超声处理工艺对原位TiC和TiAl_3颗粒形貌的影响。结果表明:在铸造Al-12Si-4Cu复合材料中可以原位生成团聚态TiC颗粒、长杆状或块状TiAl_3颗粒;未经超声处理时,TiC颗粒团聚等效直径约70μm,经1500 W超声处理后,其减小到45μm;当超声处理功率增大到3000 W,TiC的团聚现象消失,颗粒均匀分散在基体中,并且长杆状TiAl_3颗粒长度减小到50~150μm,块状TiAl_3颗粒转变为相互独立的小尺寸块状。     

原位反应温度对TiC/Al-4.5Cu复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

通过预制块在铸造Al-4.5Cu合金熔体中的自蔓延反应来制备TiCp/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,考察原位反应温度对该复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,原位反应温度为950℃时所制备的复合材料力学性能较优;TiC颗粒呈小圆片状,与基体结合良好,无其他有害相生成。原位反应温度为900℃和1 000℃时所制备的复合材料组织中都有产生针状Al3Ti的倾向。     

原位自生(TiC+TiB)/Ti6Al4V复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

本文用原位反应法制备了不同TiC和TiB增强相含量的(TiC+TiB)/Ti6Al4V复合材料(简记为TMC),用HT-1000型摩擦磨损试验机研究了外加载荷对原位本文用原位反应法制备了不同TiC和TiB增强相含量的（TiC+TiB）/Ti6Al4V复合材料（简记为TMC）,用HT-1000型摩擦磨损试验机研究了外加载荷对原位（TiC+TiB）/Ti6Al4V复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜及布鲁克三维形貌仪观察分析其磨损行为。结果显示,与Ti6Al4V基体相比,TiC+TiB增强相的生成提高了复合材料的耐磨性。对于含不同体积分数增强相的复合材料,随着外加载荷的增加,材料的磨损率和磨损深度增加,摩擦系数减小且在小范围内波动。在小负载下,磨损的表面覆盖有一些沟槽和少量磨屑;在大负载下,磨损的表面覆盖有一些浅沟槽和大量磨屑。磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。随着负荷增加,碎屑的尺寸增加,磨损加剧。     

粉末冶金自润滑Cu/MoS_2复合材料的摩擦行为（英文）

研究MoS_2含量对纯铜的显微组织、密度、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。采用纯铜粉和MoS_2粉末,通过机械球磨和热压法,制备含0~10%(质量分数)MoS_2颗粒的铜基复合材料。在干滑动摩擦条件下,采用销-盘式磨损实验装置,测试材料的耐磨性能,固定滑动速率为0.2 m/s。硬度测试结果显示,MoS_2含量为2.5%的复合材料的硬度达到峰值。当载荷一定时,Cu/2.5MoS_2复合材料具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损量。当载荷从1 N增加到4 N,不同含量增强相复合材料的摩擦因数均减小,同时,磨损量增大。磨损表面和磨屑的SEM照片显示,Cu/MoS_2复合材料的磨损机理由纯铜的粘着磨损为主转变为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损相结合的机制。     

原位TiC颗粒对7075铝合金组织和磨损特性的影响

采用原位反应近液相线铸造法制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的TIC/7075铝合金复合材料,在不同干摩擦条件下测试了复合材料磨损特性,研究TiC原位颗粒对材料的组织及磨损性能的影响.结果表明,原位TiC颗粒对7075基体铝合金的铸态组织具有细化和球化作用,随着TiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的铸态组织由蔷薇状组织逐渐转变为等轴晶组织.在转速和压力相同的条件下,复合材料的磨损量随TiC颗粒含量的增加而降低,增强相TiC的加入显著提高了材料的磨损性能.     

引入不同Ti源对铝硅熔体中原位TiAl3相合成的影响

采用熔体接触反应法铸造了原位TiAl_3/Al-12Si复合材料,研究了引入不同Ti源(Ti粉、海绵钛颗粒)作为原位反应体系对Al-12Si复合材料中原位TiAl_3相形貌的影响。结果表明:当Ti粉作为原位反应体系参与反应时,生成的TiAl_3相形貌多为针状,横向尺寸约2μm,纵向尺寸为10～150μm,随着加入Ti粉量增加,TiAl_3长径比呈减小趋势;当海绵钛作为原位反应体系参与反应时,生成的TiAl_3相形貌为针状、板片状、块状等,横向尺寸为2～10μm,纵向尺寸为50～300μm,随着海绵钛添加量增加,TiAl_3长径比减小;部分原位生成的Al-Ti间金属化合物为Si原子固溶于TiAl_3中形成的TiAlSi三元相。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。