双酚S暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫行为学及生长发育的影响

双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)的替代物,在各个产品中(奶瓶、食品罐和热敏纸等)已经得到广泛应用,但是目前关于BPS的毒理学研究甚少。本文以BPS为研究对象,秀丽线虫为模式生物,分析其对运动行为能力及生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,急性毒性试验中,暴露浓度达到1μM时,运动行为学指标身体弯曲频率显著下降,暴露浓度达到10μM时,运动行为学指标头部摆动频率显著下降;随着浓度的增加,BPS还会影响秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命和子代数目,导致寿命缩短和子代数目的减少,BPS浓度达到100μM时,与对照组相比,寿命下降了35.42%,子代数目下降了30.47%;BPS暴露会导致秀丽线虫体内活性氧自由基含量显著上升,推测高浓度的BPS可能造成秀丽线虫的氧化损伤,进而影响运动行为能力、寿命及子代数量。     

L-阿拉伯糖促进秀丽隐杆线虫的生长发育及降低脂肪合成

本文以秀丽隐杆线虫作为模式生物,研究L-阿拉伯糖对其生长发育及脂肪合成能力的影响。试验采用葡萄糖作为对照组,分别添加浓度为2.5、5、7.5、10、20mmol/L的L-阿拉伯糖作为试验组,将线虫进行同步化处理后,分析线虫头部摆动频率、身体弯曲频率、身体长度、子代数目及其甘油三酯含量和油红O染色结果。结果显示,在现有添加浓度下,L-阿拉伯糖对秀丽隐杆线虫的身体弯曲频率、子代数目无显著影响,但对线虫的头部摆动频率、身体长度影响显著:当浓度为20 mmol/L时,线虫头部摆动频率相对于对照组增加了约20%;当浓度为7.5mmol/L时,线虫身体长度与对照组相比增加了约11%;甘油三酯分析结果显示,L-阿拉伯糖试验组中线虫体内的甘油三脂含量均低于对照组,并随添加浓度的增加显著降低(p0.01),当L-阿拉伯糖浓度为20 mmol/L时,线虫体内甘油三酯含量与对照组相比降低了约67%;油红O染色结果与甘油三酯分析结果一致。本试验研究表明,L-阿拉伯糖能够促进秀丽隐杆线虫的头部摆动频率和身体生长,并对于降低其脂肪合成作用具有较为明显的效果,具有一定的降脂功效。     

3种常用防腐剂对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性作用的研究

目的研究苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、尼泊金甲酯3种常用防腐剂在食品常规剂量下对秀丽线虫的毒性作用。方法分别用1 g/L山梨酸钾、1 g/L苯甲酸钠、0.25 g/L尼泊金甲酯处理秀丽线虫24、48、72 h,观察秀丽线虫身体弯曲频率、头部摆动频率、触碰反应及体长;同时观察各组线虫的后代数目和寿命。结果 3种防腐剂均能显著降低线虫的生殖能力(P0.01)及线虫头部摆动频率(山梨酸钾作用24、48 h,P0.01;尼泊金甲酯和苯甲酸钠作用24、48、72 h,P0.01)。尼泊金甲酯能够显著降低线虫身体弯曲频率(作用48、72 h,P0.05)。尼泊金甲酯作用72 h,苯甲酸钠作用48、72 h后,线虫触碰反应迟钝(P0.05)。山梨酸钾作用24 h时线虫体长增加(P0.05),作用72 h时线虫体长减少(P0.05);尼泊金甲酯作用24、48 h时线虫体长增加(P0.05),但其效果随作用时间的增加而减弱;苯甲酸钠作用72 h时明显抑制线虫的体长发育(P0.05)。3种防腐剂的长期作用对线虫寿命无显著性影响。结论常规剂量的苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、尼泊金甲酯对秀丽线虫有一定的生殖毒性和神经毒性。     

塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对秀丽隐杆线虫生理活性影响研究

目的:探究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命、生殖毒性和神经毒性的影响。方法:将L2期秀丽隐杆线虫暴露于DBP 32.5、131、522 mg/L 3个浓度组、DMSO溶剂对照组和空白对照组中,测定线虫寿命、生殖能力、移动能力和吞咽频率的变化。结果:DBP暴露导致秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命缩短,生殖能力下降,移动能力减慢,吞咽频率降低,且存在剂量依赖关系。结论:DBP暴露缩短线虫寿命,造成生殖毒性和神经毒性影响。     

姜黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫降脂及抗氧化保护作用

本文研究姜黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂及抗氧化作用。将L1期秀丽隐杆线虫暴露于不同浓度姜黄素(12.5、25、50和100μmol/L)48 h后,以油红O染色线虫肠道脂肪,检测线虫体内甘油三酯的含量变化,同时测定线虫体内总超氧化物歧化酶活力(T-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对照组相比,姜黄素浓度在25μmol/L以上显著降低线虫肠道脂肪(p0.05),姜黄素浓度在50μmol/L以上降低线虫肠道脂肪作用极显著(p0.01),随着姜黄素浓度升高,线虫肠道脂肪含量逐渐降低。姜黄素浓度在25μmol/L以上极显著降低线虫体内甘油三酯和MDA含量(p0.01)。黄素浓度在50μmol/L以上极显著提高线虫体内T-SOD酶活力(p0.01)。综上所述,姜黄素浓度在25μmol/L以上对线虫具有降脂及抗氧化保护作用。     

原花青素B_2延长秀丽线虫寿命的研究

目的:探讨葡萄籽原花青素B_2(Grape seed proanthocyanidins B_2,GSPB_2)对秀丽线虫寿命的干预效果与机制,为筛选延缓衰老、延长寿命的活性因子提供实验依据。方法:将秀丽线虫分为空白对照组和0.5、1、2μmol/L各剂量干预组,观察在原花青素B_2不同梯度剂量作用下秀丽线虫在急性热应激和慢性氧化应激条件下,其生存时间的变化。确定原花青素B_2的最佳剂量,并比较最佳剂量与空白对照对秀丽线虫延缓寿命的作用效果,并对相关抗氧化酶活力进行检测。结果:与空白对照组相比,原花青素B_2干预组秀丽线虫在热应激和氧化应激条件下生存时间延长(P0.01),其中1μmol/L组作用最为显著;1μmol/L原花青素B_2干预组秀丽线虫的寿命较对照组延长28.4%(P0.05);且1μmol/L原花青素B_2干预组的SOD和GSH-Px酶的活力较对照组线虫活力显著增强(P0.01)。结论:原花青素B_2能够延长秀丽线虫的寿命,其作用机制可能与其增强线虫应激能力相关。     

1-脱氧野尻霉素对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用

研究1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗氧化、抗衰老作用。考察10、100、1000 mg/L DNJ对秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命、运动能力、排泄周期、吞咽频率、热应激能力的影响,探索DNJ对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗氧化酶活力以及衰老相关基因的作用。结果表明,10、100 mg/L DNJ能够显著(p<0.05)延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命、极显著(p<0.01)降低肠道氧自由基水平、提高体内抗氧化酶活力、提高运动能力、缩短排泄周期并提高吞咽频率;同时,秀丽隐杆线虫在35℃热激6 h条件下,100 mg/L DNJ处理的线虫也能显著提高热应激能力,延长寿命。结果表明,100 mg/L DNJ处理也能延长突变体daf-2和daf-16的寿命、提高热应激能力、极显著(p<0.01)提高运动能力、缩短排泄周期。然而,突变体与野生型在100 mg/L DNJ处理下,寿命、运动能力、排泄周期、热应激能力各项指标差异不显著(p>0.05)。因此,1-脱氧野尻霉素对秀丽隐杆线虫起到了抗衰老作用,但其作用机制与daf-2和daf-16基因无关。     

花生四烯酸对秀丽隐杆线虫紫外辐射损伤的修复作用

为探究花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)对机体紫外辐射(UVR)损伤的修复作用,建立了秀丽隐杆线虫的UVR损伤模型,考察了AA对UVR后秀丽隐杆线虫寿命、运动能力、产卵能力及体内活性氧(ROS)水平的影响。结果表明,7 MJ/cm2剂量UVR损伤的秀丽隐杆线虫经AA干预处理后,能提高秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命、运动和产卵能力,在AA浓度为50 μmol/L时效果最佳,其运动和产卵能力分别较对照组提高了63.6%和96.6%,且在该浓度下能显著降低体内ROS水平(p<0.05)。即AA对UVR损伤后的秀丽隐杆线虫具有一定的修复作用。研究结果为AA在抗紫外辐射功能性食品或药品的研发提供了理论依据。     

叶酸对肌萎缩性侧索硬化症线虫TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)毒性的改善作用

为探讨叶酸添加对TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)毒性导致的肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)治疗方面产生的作用,本文选用转入人TDP-43的转基因秀丽隐杆线虫作为受试生物,探究不同浓度叶酸(0.01 mmol/L、0.025 mmol/L、0.05 mmol/L)干预对线虫的寿命、生殖能力、瘫痪率、头部摆动频率、捕食能力与学习记忆能力的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,0.025mmol/L组和0.05mmol/L组线虫寿命分别提高了22.48%和11.92%;0.025 mmol/L组线虫的生殖能力增加了25.26%;0.01mmol/L组和0.025 mmol/L组线虫的瘫痪率分别降低了20.19%与37.62%;0.025 mmol/L组线虫头部摆动频率在叶酸干预后的第2、4、6 d分别提高了17.14%、32.88%和39.18%;三个干预组线虫的捕食能力分别提高了24.58%、60.30%和15.85%,学习记忆能力也分别提高了36.84%、57.89%和31.58%,上述结果均具有统计学差异(p0.05)。而且,与0.01 mmol/L组和0.05 mmol/L组比较,0.025 mmol/L组线虫的瘫痪率显著下降,其他指标均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。以上结果表明,叶酸添加改善了ALS线虫中h TDP-43蛋白引起的毒性效应,并且0.025 mmol/L浓度的叶酸可能是ALS线虫最佳的干预剂量。     

壳寡糖对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响

目的：探讨不同质量浓度的壳寡糖延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的活性功能,试图寻求延缓衰老的生物活性物质。方法：以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物,以线虫寿命为指标,用相对分子质量≤1 000的壳寡糖（chitooligosaccharides,COS）设立对照组和壳寡糖4 个用药组（50、100、200、400 mg/L）,测定线虫的寿命、生殖能力、移动速率和吞咽频率。结果：与对照组比较,壳寡糖质量浓度达到200 mg/L以上时可使线虫的寿命延长（P＜0.05）,不同质量浓度的壳寡糖对线虫平均寿命和最大寿命均具有延长作用。壳寡糖400 mg/L组延长寿命的效果最为明显。与对照组比较,壳寡糖质量浓度在100 mg/L以上时线虫的移动速率和吞咽频率增加（P＜0.01）,但当壳寡糖质量浓度为400 mg/L时,线虫的移动速率和吞咽频率的增加幅度趋缓。结论：相对分子质量≤1 000的壳寡糖在50～400 mg/L质量浓度范围内能够延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the