风冷式建筑一体化光伏光热组件夏季性能研究

将平板微热管阵列与碲化镉太阳能光伏组件相结合,采用空气循环冷却的形式,构成风冷式建筑一体化光伏光热(BIPV/T)组件,将其应用于建筑墙体并设计风冷式系统,对其组件进行光电光热与传热性能测试。实验测试结果表明,在室外环境温度平均值为38.2℃,太阳水平辐射强度为789 W/m²时,BIPV/T组件背板温度平均值为44.7℃,瞬时光电效率最大值达到5.74%,全天平均光电效率为4.52%,平均光热效率为48.02%,平均总利用效率为52.54%,组件总发电量为0.74 kW·h,总集热量为28.33 MJ。应用热流计法测试BIPV/T组件传热性能,在有、无机械通风条件下,传热系数分别为0.124和0.281 W/(m²·K),机械通风条件下,组件背板温度平均值降低12.8℃。通过设置不同南侧墙体组件,建立建筑模型,模拟建筑热环境,结果表明BIPV/T组件与BIPV组件相比,全年总冷负荷降低了4.80%,逐时最大冷负荷降低了13.35%;与常规节能标准围护结构相比,厚度减小了148 mm。     

《竹结构技术规程》、《竹骨架组合墙体技术规程》、《民用建筑屋面光伏发电系统与建筑一体化技术规程》标准编制启动

本刊讯根据中国工程建设标准化协会文件（建标协字【2013】119号）要求,住房和城乡建设部住宅产业化促进中心与成都市无比节能科技有限公司联合组编的《竹结构技术规程》、     

Energy conservation in honey storage building using Trombe wall

This paper investigates energy conservation, mitigation of CO₂ emissions and economics of retrofitting for a honey storage building with Trombe wall for winter heating application. The passive heating potential of Trombe wall for a honey storage building was estimated using TRNSYS building simulation software. This honey storage building is located at Gwalior (latitude: 26°14′N) in India. During winter months, the room air temperature of building falls below the required temperature range of 18–27 °C which is suitable for honey storage. So, the room air temperature range is maintained in the building using a 2.3 kW capacity electrical oil filled radiator (or room air heater) which accounts for the major energy consumption of the building on an annual basis. On account of which there are significant CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere from the honey storage building. Hence, this case study was conducted to recommend the passive heating concept to the stakeholders of the building so as to conserve the energy requirement for room air heating. The investigation showed that the room air temperature can be easily maintained in the range suitable for honey storage using a vented Trombe wall. The experimental work was carried out for the existing building on a typical clear day of harsh winter month of January to validate the results of TRNSYS model of the present building. The statistical error analysis showed a good agreement between model and experimental results. This investigation concludes that there is potential of energy conservation up to 3312 kWh/year and associated reduction in CO₂ emissions (∼33 tonne/year) using a Trombe wall. Also, the retrofitting of building is economically viable as the simple payback period is only about 7 months.     

An approach for energy conscious renovation of residential buildings in Istanbul by Trombe wall system

Turkey has a great potential of solar energy, which is the primary source of renewable energy; however, sufficient benefit cannot be obtained from this clean energy source. In Turkey, 36% of the total energy consumed in buildings is used for heating. Due to the lack of regulations in encouraging the solar energy utilization in buildings, the heating energy consumption plays an important role in the energy economy of our country. Therefore, energy conservation methods become necessary. Energy conservation is important for the existing buildings as for the new buildings. In this study, the south facade of a flat in an existing building in Istanbul in Turkey is recommended to be renovated by the application of Trombe wall principle, which is a well-known indirect passive solar gain system. An approach is proposed for this application and the comparison of the existinsg facade with the renovated facades has been made according to thermal performances and hourly variations of wall interior temperatures. The results of this theoretical application study are given in this paper.     

分户热计量户间传热问题的探讨

分析了不同因素对户间传热的影响情况,以及因户间传热负荷给设计采暖负荷、采暖设备设计选型、用户使用、投资增加等带来的问题,并提出解决问题的措施。     

被动式太阳能集热蓄热墙对室内湿度调节作用的研究

在两间分别采用被动式太阳能集热蓄热墙体和普通保温节能墙体的同实体大的实验房屋中,利用多点温湿度及风速的计算机巡回检测系统,在2004年供暖期对室内外温湿度、风速、太阳辐射照度及墙体内温度等参数进行了实测。结果表明,未采用被动式太阳能集热蓄热墙体的对比房内相对湿度比太阳房高20%左右,并因湿度较高在窗户上出现结露现象。分析了两间实验房屋的热湿传递特性以及对一些物性参数如室内相对湿度、墙体的含湿量、人的舒适性等的影响。     

Revision of the Trombe wall calculation method proposed by UNE-EN ISO 13790

The European and International Standard UNE-EN ISO 13790 presents a set of calculation methods for the evaluation and design of energy and thermal performance of buildings. These methods have diverse range of details for calculating the energy use of heating and cooling in different building zones, as well as for calculating the heat transfer and solar heat gains of special elements, such as ventilated solar walls (Trombe walls). In this article, the authors have revised the aforementioned document in order to check the proposed mathematical models and their implementation within Mediterranean climates. This assessment pinpoints the existence of some errors in the equations provided in EN ISO 13790 under steady state conditions. Concurrently, the corrected equations are shown and new correlations are proposed for the ratios δ and ω which are more suitable for Mediterranean climates.     

海洋性气候条件下新型特隆布墙被动降温的通风模式研究

针对被动式太阳房普遍存在的夏季室内过热问题，对海洋性气候条件下带有新型特隆布墙的被动式太阳房进行了实验研究，分析了不同被动降温模式的降温效果和室内空气温度分布。给出了适用于该类太阳房被动降温的最佳通风模式。认为内壁面温度是室内气温最显著的影响因素。与内陆地区利用自然通风降温的效果进行了对比。分析表明提高通风量、强化夜间通风可以改善海洋性气候条件下被动降温的效果。     

多孔建筑材料热湿传递过程的研究

从理论计算和实验研究等方面对国内外多孔建筑材料的传热、传湿及热湿耦合传递研究方面的进展进行了综合分析。指出了目前多孔建筑材料热湿传递过程研究中存在的问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

过冷度对直热式空气源热泵热水器性能的影响

本文以直热式空气源热泵热水器中的套管式冷凝器为研究对象,讨论了在设计工况下,由于过冷度变化而引起的冷凝器过热区、两相区和过冷区的传热温差、传热系数、换热量、换热面积以及COP相对值的变化,为研究不同过冷度下冷凝器的传热性能提供了方便而有效的方法。     

大连地区特隆布墙夏季不同降温方式的实验研究

对比分析了五种方案下墙体的温度场和得热量,确定了较为合理的特隆布墙夏季运行方案,即卷帘白天放下、夜间开启,外通风口全天开启,内通风口自动启闭。与对比房的比较结果表明采用该方案不仅有效解决了特隆布墙夏季过热问题,而且还可以对室内进行一定程度的被动式降温。针对实际应用,提出了进一步强化特隆布墙降温效果的措施。     

轻质混凝土多孔砖墙体自保温系统传热性能研究

针对九排孔轻质混凝土多孔砖墙体自保温体系,通过FLUNET软件数值模拟分析方法,对该系统的传热性能和热桥问题进行了研究.研究结果表明:轻质混凝土多孔砖改性后墙体热阻增加,保温性能提高;在九排孔轻质混凝土多孔砖墙体自保温体系中,外墙转角热桥部位内表面容易发生结露现象,应采取保温措施.其它部位热桥内表面温度高于空气露点温度,不会发生结露现象.研究成果将为九排孔轻质混凝土多孔砖墙体自保温体系建筑热桥部位采取保温措施提供了重要的实践指导价值.