复杂铜精矿低温富氧熔炼渣型调控北大核心

合理的渣型是铜火法冶炼顺利进行的关键。低温熔炼可减缓炉衬所受的热应力以及熔体对炉衬的化学侵蚀,延长熔炼炉使用寿命。低温熔炼过程渣中易析出以Fe_(3)O_(4)为主的尖晶石固相,增大熔渣黏度,阻碍冰铜沉降。对铜精矿低温熔炼过程进行热力学基础计算,研究了渣中各组分含量对熔炼过程的影响。结果表明:当渣中Fe/SiO_(2)为1.1,CaO、Al_(2)O_(3)、ZnO含量分别控制在1.5%~4%、3%~6%、3%~10%时,熔渣具有良好流动性。通过控制Fe/SiO_(2)以及熔剂含量,利用实验室规模的富氧顶吹炉对铜精矿在1160℃、55%氧浓度的条件下进行熔炼,喷吹结束后静置沉降60 min,可获得品位为60.86%的冰铜,渣中铜含量为1.60%的熔渣,实现低温熔炼。     

白银炉富氧自热熔炼工艺研究

本文针对白银有色金属公司冶炼厂提供的硫化铜精矿，研究了在高富氧熔炼条件下，氧料比、冰铜品位、冰铜及渣中Ｆｅ３Ｏ４含量、氧利用率、脱硫速率与富氧浓度关系、渣中铜损失及其影响因素，为我国白银炼铜炉实现富氧自热熔炼提供实验依据。     

某铜冶炼企业冶炼炉渣配矿浮选试验研究

采用某铜冶炼企业的选矿现场浮选工艺流程,开展对铜冶炼产生的闪速炉渣和转炉渣性质研究,并对不同配比条件下混合炉渣进行浮选试验,研究两种炉渣不同配比对铜浮选回收率的影响。结果表明:闪速炉渣铜品位为1.51%,转炉渣中铜品位为5.92%。闪速炉渣中铜主要存在形式为硫化铜,占总铜量的82.12%,金属铜和氧化铜以及其他含量相对较少;转炉渣中铜主要存在形式为硫化铜和金属铜,硫化铜含量占总铜量的54.73%,金属铜含量占总铜量的34.80%,氧化铜以及其他铜含量相对较少。闪速炉渣与转炉渣的配比为1:4时获得较好的浮选指标,混合炉渣浮选铜回收率为94.78%,尾矿品位为0.34%。     

新疆某铜钴矿工艺矿物学研究

新疆卡拉盖雷铜钴矿石选矿过程中铜钴不易分离,且铜精矿和钴精矿中砷的含量容易超标。采用多种分析检测手段对该矿进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。查明矿石中有价元素主要是铜和钴,含量分别为0.84%和0.10%,有害元素砷的含量为0.48%。矿石中铜、钴的氧化率很低,分别为2.38%和0.99%。黄铜矿是矿石中主要的铜矿物,嵌布粒度极不均匀,主要呈细粒产出,分布率为53.45%;其次呈粗、中粒产出,分布率为41.17%;呈微粒产出的黄铜矿分布率为5.38%。矿石中的钴主要以类质同象形式赋存在毒砂、钴毒砂、铁硫砷钴矿、辉砷钴矿系列矿物中,因此在选矿过程中钴和砷的走向相同而难以分离。由于铜钴矿物密切共生,导致铜精矿中砷的含量也易偏高。根据矿石工艺特性,该矿石适宜采用分段磨矿分段选别工艺逐步分离回收铜钴矿物,同时达到抑制铜精矿中砷含量的目的。     

含砷铜精矿铜砷分离试验研究

以蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿为主的浮选铜精矿,为了产品效益最大化,进行浮选分离获得高砷铜精矿和低砷铜精矿。蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿纯矿物试验结果表明,在捕收剂丁铵黑药体系下,采用石灰调整矿浆pH值,分别添加次氯酸钙、高锰酸钾、腐殖酸钠以及木质素来抑制蓝辉铜矿,均可以起到很好的抑制作用,但不同的药剂在不同的矿浆pH值条件下抑制效果不同。针对铜品位为20.52%,含砷1.22%的某含砷铜精矿,采用活性炭搅拌-脱水-洗涤-抑铜浮砷工艺,以高锰酸钾配合次氯酸钙为调整剂,抑制不含砷硫化铜矿,获得高砷铜精矿铜品位为32.87%,砷含量4.93%,铜回收率为29.97%,砷回收率75.50%;低砷铜精矿铜品位为17.68%,砷含量0.37%,铜回收率为70.03%,砷回收率为24.50%。铜砷分离效果较好。     

西北某微细粒铜缓冷渣选矿试验研究及工业实践

针对西北某铜冶炼缓冷渣中,铜主要以细微粒嵌布的冰铜微珠存在的特性,在铜缓冷渣化学组成研究基础上,重点考察缓冷时间、磨矿细度、捕收剂种类及用量等对铜缓冷渣浮选指标的影响,研发了新型微细粒铜缓冷渣浮选特效捕收剂酯-22。小型闭路浮选试验获得铜精矿含铜25.82%,铜回收率88.76%;140×10~4 t/a铜冶炼炉渣选矿系统的工业应用稳定期,连续45个班次获得铜精矿含铜24.02%,铜回收率86.91%,取得了较好的技术指标。     

某难选铜矿选矿新工艺研究

针对某含砷黝铜矿和硫砷铜矿的难选铜矿的矿石性质,为得到砷含量合格的铜精矿,采用分步浮选的工艺流程,即先选用对黄铜矿选择性好的捕收剂Z‐200回收以黄铜矿为主的铜矿物,再以丁黄药和PQ为捕收剂回收以砷黝铜矿和硫砷铜矿为主的含砷铜矿物．对铜品位0．65％的原矿,获得两个含砷不同的铜精矿产品,铜品位22．44％、回收率36．48％的铜精矿1,铜品位18．45％、回收率46．45％的铜精矿2,总铜回收率为82．93％．其中铜精矿1含砷0．28％,铜精矿2含砷1．35％,铜精矿1达到了一级品铜精矿的含砷要求．     

硫杆菌的耐高砷诱变及对高砷铜精矿的浸出

为提高硫杆菌浸出铜过程中的耐砷能力，对用高砷铜精矿驯化的中温硫杆菌进行了紫外线耐高砷诱变，选育出的中温硫杆菌耐砷能力达8．0g／L，而未经诱变的对照菌只能在As^3＋含量小于1．0g／L的环境中生长繁殖。用选育出的耐砷诱变菌对含As3％-8％的高砷铜精矿进行铜的细菌浸出试验，结果表明。精矿粒度为-250目、矿浆浓度为10％-15％、砷含量不超过5％的铜精矿细菌浸出效果较好，铜浸出率可达77％以上；添加Ag^＋和对浮选铜精矿进行脱药处理均能不同程度地强化细菌浸出效果。     

从铅冰铜中高效选择性提取铜的工艺研究

采用高温高压纯氧氧化法选择性提取铅冰铜中铜, 研究了硫酸用量、浸出温度、反应时间、液固比、氧气压力、搅拌速度以及分散剂木质素用量对铜浸出率的影响及对浸出液中铁含量的影响。铅冰铜经氧压浸出后进行液固分离, 铅冰铜中的铜进入液相中, 绝大部分铁以赤铁矿的形式与铅、银、金等有价金属一起进入渣相中; 浸出后的硫酸铜溶液经调酸后直接进行旋流电解可得到合格的阴极铜产品, 浸出渣返回铅冶炼系统综合回收铅、银、金等有价元素。高温氧压浸出铅冰铜, 铜浸出率可达93.5%, 阴极铜产品质量达到99.975%, 有效实现了铅冰铜中铜的选择性提取。     

铜闪速熔炼贫化电炉渣含铜的线性回归分析

对金隆闪速熔炼渣贫化电炉的生产操作数据进行了多元线性回归分析,建立了电炉渣含铜与其影响因素的线性方程。方差分析结果表明,回归方程高度显著,渣含铜与其影响因素之间线性关系密切。通过对回归方程的分析,明确了各作业参数对渣含铜的影响及作用大小,找出了影响电炉渣含铜的主要因素和次要因素,指出影响金隆电炉渣含铜的最主要因素是闪速炉炉况、冰铜品位、电炉冰铜产出量、块煤加入量等,而冷冰铜加入量、电炉的有效容积、炉渣在电炉中的停留时间、炉渣的Fe/SiO2等对渣含铜的影响较小。由回归分析的结果对有效降低电炉渣含铜提出了6点建议。该回归方程对于准确的分析、有效的控制渣含铜具有指导意义。     

Flotation separation of copper sulphides from arsenic minerals at Rosebery copper concentrator

The removal of arsenic bearing minerals from concentrates is becoming more important as environmental laws become ever stricter with regard to smelter emissions. The onus is shifting to concentrate producers to remove these minerals from their product, with penalties applying to materials containing greater than background amounts.The arsenic content of Rosebery copper flotation feed is mainly present as arsenopyrite (FeAsS), containing approximately 46.0% arsenic with the remainder of the arsenic in copper sulphosalts (tennantite (Cu₁₂As₄S₁₃)), in a solid solution series with tetrahedrite (Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃). Tennantite contains approximately 20.3% arsenic. Characterisation of the rougher and cleaner concentrates obtained during a plant survey showed that the arsenopyrite was appropriately rejected in the copper flotation circuit. However, tennantite showed similar flotation behaviour to the copper sulphide minerals so that the high arsenic content of the final copper concentrate was mainly in the copper sulphosalts. In this study, regrinding the copper rougher concentrate was investigated to reject tennantite in cleaner flotation. It was found that although finer grinding increased the mass fraction in the ultrafine fraction, the tennantite liberation only increased slightly. The copper selectivity against arsenic was improved significantly although the recovery of copper, silver and arsenic was lower. The difference in floatability of copper sulphide minerals and tennantite appears to increase at finer sizes. In this study, pH and Eh were also manipulated to further improve the selectivity of copper flotation against tennantite at fine particle sizes with some promise. In order to find an application in the Rosebery circuit, any changes must have a net economic benefit and the trade-offs and implications are discussed in this paper.     

用浮选捕收剂处理电解铜废水的试验研究

电解铜废水主要含有Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 等离子,对人类健康和环境危害很大。因此,对电解铜废水进行处理方法的研究十分必要。本文研究用浮选捕集剂乙基黄药处理电解铜废水。研究结果表明：在调节该废水pH = 6.6的条件下,乙基黄药(10%)投加量20.0 mL/L,快搅时间1.5 min,慢搅时间10 min时Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 的去除率均可达到95%,处理后废水中重金属残留浓度均达到了国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-2002)的允许排放浓度或一级标准。对重金属螯合物进行的稳定性研究指出,在pH = 9时,乙基黄药的重金属螯合物中Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 的泄漏量均为0 mg/g,Cd₂ 的泄漏量为0.8?10_-3 mg/g,Ni₂ 的泄漏量为14.2?10_-3 mg/g,处理后的污泥稳定性好,对环境无二次污染。浮选捕收剂乙基黄药具有pH应用范围广、操作简单、处理成本低、效果稳定等优点,在重金属废水治理中具有良好的应用前景。     

云南某铜冶炼渣浮铜试验

云南某铜冶炼渣铜、铁含量较高,含铜0.62%、含铁35.58%,主要含铜矿物为黄铜矿、蓝铜矿和辉铜矿,铜矿物与主要脉石矿物橄榄石等嵌布关系复杂,嵌布粒度细微,属于难选二次铜资源。为了回收该二次资源中的铜,对选铜工艺进行了研究,确定的磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占96.50%,铜粗选丁铵黑药+丁基黄药用量为300+100 g/t、Na₂CO₃用量为4 kg/t、冰铜用量为15 kg/t;采用1粗1扫2精、中矿顺序返回流程对试样进行选别,最终获得的铜精矿铜品位为21.30%、铜回收率为86.20%。试验研究表明,对这种微细粒嵌布的硫化铜矿物,以冰铜为“载体”进行“载体”浮选对获得理想的分选指标发挥了重要作用。     

亚砷酸铜净化铜电解液工业实验研究

为有效脱除铜电解液中的Sb、Bi等杂质, 采用亚砷酸铜净化电解液。三氧化二砷与氢氧化钠反应后, 调节溶液pH为6, 按铜砷物质的量之比为1.5加入硫酸铜, 充分反应后过滤得到绿色亚砷酸铜, 产品收率达到98.64%。在电解液中加入亚砷酸铜, As从3.10 g/L提高到11.16 g/L后, Sb浓度由0.85 g/L降至0.22 g/L, 去除率为74.11%; Bi浓度由0.22 g/L降至0.086 g/L, 去除率为65.60%。连续电解13 d, 电解液中总砷(As_T)为10.81～11.55 g/L、Sb为0.19～0.28 g/L、Bi为0.066～0.11 g/L。电流密度分别为235 A/m²和305 A/m²时电解所得阴极铜结晶细致, 光滑平整, 阴极铜达到高纯阴极铜标准(GB/T467-97), 合格率达到100%。     

Stability of As(V)-sorbed schwertmannite under porphyry copper mine conditions

Arsenic (As), a very poisonous inorganic pollutant is a major toxicant in tailings of porphyry copper deposits. Retention of As by Schwertmannite (a ferric-oxyhydroxysulfate mineral) has attracted much attention in recent years due to its strong binding affinity to toxic As species. The stability of As(V)-sorbed schwertmannite under copper mine waste conditions is not fully understood. The present study investigates the effect of Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, pH, and ageing time on the stability of As(V)-sorbed schwertmannite (Sch-As). The results indicate that Cu²⁺ has no significant effect on the stability of Sch-As and that the As(V) incorporated in schwertmannite can retard or significantly inhibit Fe²⁺-catalyzed transformation of schwertmannite to goethite under acidic conditions (pH 3–4). The Sch-As aged at different pHs from 3 to 11 at 25 °C exhibits no mineralogical phase changes even after ageing for 120-days; however the concentration of As released from the solid phase appears to be strongly pH-dependent even after ageing for only 24 h. The release of As was negligible at pHs from 2 to 7, and there was considerable release of As at extremely acidic and alkaline conditions. This indicates that the release of As from Sch-As was controlled by environmental factors such as pH, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺ rather than time.     

含砷铜渣预脱砷过程的热力学分析

采用HSC Chemistry 6.0 热力学分析软件研究了惰性气氛下焙烧温度对含砷贫化铜渣在预脱砷过程中砷平衡组成的影响, 并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明：在惰性气氛下, 升高温度可促进硫化砷的分解, 而砷酸盐的稳定性较好, 不能通过高温分解脱除。在温度低于500 ℃时, 固态硫化砷物相和氧化物不发生分解; 温度超过500 ℃后, As₂S₃、As₄S₄率先发生气化反应; 温度超过900 ℃后, 硫化砷开始发生分解。对于惰性气氛下铜渣的预脱砷, 实验结果与热力学分析吻合较好。     

铜冶炼烟尘的综合利用

以铜转炉烟尘为原料, 采用高压酸浸工艺回收有价金属和脱除砷。结果表明, 在硫酸浓度4 mol/L、浸出温度100 ℃、浸出时间2 h条件下, 烟尘中砷、铁和铜浸出率分别为94.14%、93.80%、91.80%, 浸出渣主要物相为硫酸铅(PbSO₄);通过氧压沉砷处理浸出液, 使溶液中铁和砷形成臭葱石(FeAsO₄·2H₂O)而固化;沉砷后液主要物质为Cu²⁺和SO₄^2-, 可用于电解回收铜。该工艺可以实现铜烟尘中有价金属的综合回收, 同时将砷以臭葱石形式固化, 减少对环境的污染。     

底吹熔炼渣工艺矿物学研究

为了回收铜渣中的有价金属,采用XRF、XRD、SEM、EDS和BPMA等分析手段对底吹熔炼铜渣进行了工艺矿物学研究,查明了熔炼渣的主要成分、主要矿物成分、铜物相赋存状态,并对渣中重要矿物相的嵌布特征、嵌布粒度和主要矿物解离度进行了深入研究.结果表明:①熔炼渣中主要有价金属为Cu、Fe、Pb、Zn等,杂质成分主要为SiO...     

Surface properties of enargite in MAA depressant solutions

Enargite (Cu₃AsS₄) is a common penalty mineral in the copper mining industry. Different treatment methods have been proposed to passivate the enargite surface for effective flotation of non-arsenic copper minerals, including pulp potential control, pre-oxidation and chemical depression. Magnesium ammonium mixture (MAA) has been previously tested, showing good selectivity for arsenic rejection. It was hypothesised that MAA would make the enargite surface hydrophilic by adsorption of magnesium ammonium arsenate hexahydrate (MgNH₄AsO₄·6H₂O). Here we show that MAA does not selectively adsorb onto the enargite surface as conjectured. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry show that magnesium compounds do not precipitate onto the enargite surface at pH 10, whereas magnesium hydroxide on the enargite surface is formed at pH 12. MgNH₄AsO₄·6H₂O was not observed at either pH 10 or pH 12. The effect of pre-oxidation to promote dissolution of (AsO₄)³⁻ before conditioning with MAA, which could help catalyse the formation of MgNH₄AsO₄·6H₂O, was also tested. However, the results were the same as those without pre-oxidising the sample. Our investigation shows that under alkaline conditions it is not possible to passivate the enargite surface in MAA solutions for effective flotation of non-arsenic copper minerals.