曝气吸附生物滤池处理制浆造纸废水工艺研究

采用曝气吸附生物滤池,对制浆造纸废水处理工艺进行了研究。得到最佳的工艺运行条件：水力停留时间20～30h、吸附填料：废水（V/V）=1：1、污泥：废水=1：1（V/V）、曝气量300L/h、温度为20～30℃,废水的COD和色度去除率分别可达到85%和90%。以铁炭（1：1）为吸附填料更有利于废水COD和色度的去除。     

填料对曝气吸附生物滤池深度处理造纸废水的影响

在曝气吸附生物滤池中分别加入不同的吸附剂作填料,对造纸废水进行深度处理,以此选择出最佳的吸附填料。研究结果表明:以活性炭和3A分子筛为填料的曝气吸附生物滤池深度处理造纸废水的效果最佳,废水COD的去除率可达78%;直径3mm的不规则形状颗粒活性炭比其他粒径和形状的活性炭处理效果更好;活性炭与石英砂或铁屑混合组成的填料,更有利于造纸废水COD和SS的去除。     

含聚乙烯醇废水处理技术的研究进展

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种水溶性高分子聚合物,具有良好的稳定性、粘附性和机械性能,广泛应用于纺织、化工等行业,随着人们对其性能及降解技术的研究,以PVA为基础的高分子共聚物及混合物的应用范围也得到了极大的拓展.但PVA属于典型的难降解有机物,其废水COD值高,可生化性差;排入水体后会在环境中积累,影响水体复氧行为,引发严重的水环境污染问题.综述了PVA的用途和含PVA废水的危害性,阐述了PVA废水现有的一些物化和生化处理技术,分析了各种处理技术的优缺点和适用条件.其中物化预处理+生化法组合工艺是PVA废水处理技术中具有发展前景的处理工艺.     

吸附-氧化联合法处理印染废水的研究

研究了活性炭吸附与双氧水氧化联合处理印染废水的工艺条件.结果表明:将印染废水pH从6调至4,活性炭用量为0.015 g/mL,双氧水用量为0 2μL/mL,废水在350 r/min下搅拌60min时,COD去除率达85.7%,脱色率达82.9%,处理后水质符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准用活性炭吸附与双氧水氧化联合处理印染废水比单独用活性炭吸附或双氧水氧化处理印染废水效果好:单独用活性炭吸附处理印染废水时,COD去除率为74.9%,脱色率为77.1%,处理后废水中COD为213 mg/L,色度为80倍;单独用双氧水氧化处理印染废水时,COD和色度的去除率分别为21.9%和28.6%,处理后水中残留的COD为662 mg/L,色度为250倍.     

聚硅酸镁在印染废水处理中的应用

以聚硅酸镁为絮凝剂,粉煤灰为助凝剂处理印染废水.研究了该复合絮凝体系处理废水的最佳工艺条件,如聚硅酸镁投加量、Mg/Si摩尔比、粉煤灰加入量、沉降时间、废水酸度.处理结果表明,该复合絮凝体系在碱性条件下处理效果较好,Mg/Si摩尔比为1.36时,对废水的CODCr去除率达53%,色度去除率达94%以上,优于聚合氯化铝处理效果.     

MF-RO深度处理印染废水的效果

采用预处理+微滤（MF）+反渗透（RO）双膜技术深度处理印染废水。通过改变废水的温度、pH值、回用率和反渗透的操作压力,分析相关因素对CODCr去除率和脱盐效果的影响。试验表明,优化的运行工况为：操作压力1.8 MPa,水温35 ℃,pH值6.0~10.0,回用率80%;此双膜法深度处理废水对CODCr的去除率和脱盐率分别达到97.4%和97%,浊度去除率接近100%,出水水质满足印染工艺回用要求。     

Effects of long-term wastewater application on chemical properties and phosphorus adsorption capacity in soils of a wastewater land treatment system

The buildup of phosphorus (P) in the soil is a major factor limiting the operating life of a wastewater land treatment system. In this study, we evaluated changes of chemical properties, P profiles, and adsorption isotherms in the soils of a Muskegon wastewater land treatment system, which has received wastewater for approximately 30 years. It was found that the pH in the 15-cm topsoil increased from approximately 5-6 in 1973 to approximately 7.4-7.8 in 2003; a large amount of salt (e.g., Ca, Mg) in wastewater was adsorbed by the soil; the soil Al content (either exchangeable or oxalate extractable) decreased, while the oxalate-extractable Fe content remained at the same level. Ca-bound P accounted for > or = 70% of the total P adsorbed in the soil. The soil P adsorption capacity increased and was positively correlated with the concentration of exchangeable Ca in the soil. A higher concentration of exchangeable Ca was found in the 15-cm topsoil, where a higher total organic carbon was present. More P was accumulated in the upper soil than in the deeper soil. The adsorption of Ca in wastewater by the soil may extend the life expectancy of the Muskegon land treatment system.     

GC-MS法测定卷烟侧流烟气中半挥发性化合物吡啶、喹啉、苯乙烯

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定卷烟侧流烟气中半挥发性化合物吡啶、喹啉、苯乙烯的方法.采用鱼尾罩、剑桥滤片和装有甲醇溶液的捕集阱捕集侧流烟气中的半挥发性化合物,采用四极杆GC-MS结合质谱选择性离子扫描模式(SIM)定量检测其含量,测定3种侧流烟气中半挥发性化合物释放量.结果证明:此方法有较好的重复性,对3种半挥发性化合物释放量组内测定的RSD≤3.42%,组间测定的RSD≤6.33%;具有较高的灵敏度,3种半挥发性化合物的检测限均低于0.15μg/支;较高的准确性,3种半挥发性化合物的回收率在92.87%～98.00%之间.该方法适用于定量检测卷烟侧流烟气中半挥发性化合物.     

屠宰废水处理及双膜式废水处理工艺装置

1屠宰废水的特点及其危害 生猪屠宰厂（场）每天需耗用大量的水冲洗生猪,浸烫脱毛,清洗副产品及冲洗设备、工具和地面等,从而产生大量的废水。由于屠宰工艺技术条件和屠宰量的不同其耗用水量相差较大。     

蒸汽闪爆处理对山羊毛及鸡毛吸附染色废水的影响

以山羊毛、鸡毛为原料,采用蒸汽闪爆、冷冻粉碎处理方法制备得到闪爆粉碎山羊毛、鸡毛,并应用于吸附染色废水中活性蓝19染料(RB19)。对比研究了蒸汽闪爆、冷冻粉碎处理前后山羊毛、鸡毛吸附性能的变化。结果表明:原鸡毛(175 mg/g)吸附能力高于山羊毛(55.24 mg/g)的吸附能力。经过蒸汽闪爆、冷冻粉碎处理后,山羊毛、鸡毛的吸附量分别达到426.7、440.0 mg/g,闪爆粉碎山羊毛表面鳞片被破坏,闪爆粉碎山羊毛、鸡毛的结晶指数均下降,分别为8.6%、13.1%,闪爆粉碎山羊毛比表面积、BJH吸附孔累积比表面积、孔径体积是闪爆粉碎鸡毛的1.64、2.74、2.65倍。蒸汽闪爆、冷冻粉碎联合处理提高了山羊毛、鸡毛等废弃角蛋白对活性蓝19染料的吸附性能。     

Photocatalytic oxidation using a new catalyst--TiO2 microsphere--for water and wastewater treatment

Since the suspended TiO2 powder enjoys free contact with UV irradiation in a photoreactor system, it can generally achieve better efficiency than the immobilized TiO2 catalysts. However, the separation and reuse of this catalyst powder from treated water often limit its application in practice. In this study, a new type of TiO2 catalyst called TiO2 microsphere was prepared by a sol-spraying-calcination method, which can easily settle in its aqueous suspensions under gravity. The SEM image of the TiO2 microsphere samples demonstrated that they had an almost spherical shape with a particle size of 30-160 microm, while the XRD analysis indicated that these TiO2 microspheres still had a crystal size of 8.1 nm. Since these TiO2 microspheres had a porous structure with higher specific surface area and pore volume than normal TiO2 powders, they appeared to have strong adsorption ability in its aqueous suspensions. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 microspheres was evaluated in the photodegradations of salicylic acid (SA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA). The experimental results showed that the reaction rate using the TiO2 microspheres was similar to that using the TiO2 powders in the SA suspensions and even higher than that in the SSA suspensions. Chemical and physical properties of the TiO2 microspheres and powders that are attributed to photoactivity were discussed based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model. The prepared TiO2 microsphere samples were reused in the photooxidation reaction more than 50 times. It was found that there was no significant weakening in their photoactivity and no change in their particle shape. This TiO2 microsphere catalyst can be simply used to conduct an effective photooxidation in its suspension for water and wastewater treatment with ease of recovery from treated water.     

破乳-混凝-光催化化学氧化法处理废切削液新工艺

先硝酸破乳,再用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合处理废切削液,当pH为8.0,PFS和PAM的用量分别是1 800mg.L-1和8mg.L-1时混凝效果较好.混凝上清液用UV/H2O2/Fe2 系统氧化,当pH=3,分4次加入H2O2,紫外照射6.5h,结果令人满意.采用该工艺处理废切削液,其COD去除率为99.5%,脱色率100%,出水达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB-8987-1996)一级标准.     

桐酸硅酸钙的制备、表征及其在含没食子酸废水处理中的应用

以桐酸和硅酸钙为原料,通过化学包覆法制备了具有处理废水中酚类污染物潜力的桐酸硅酸钙（ES）,并对ES结构进行了表征。另外,以ES为吸附剂,考察了ES对含没食子酸废水的处理效果。结果表明：所制备的ES表面疏松,具有疏水性,对没食子酸有良好的吸附去除效果;在料液比1∶ 20、吸附时间4 h和吸附pH 11的最优条件下,对没食子酸的吸附率可达92.26%。     

Occurrence of UV filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and octocrylene in fish from various Swiss rivers with inputs from wastewater treatment plants

UV filters are widely used compounds in many personal care products and cosmetics, such as sunscreens. After use, UV filters are washed off from skin and clothes and enter the aquatic environment. Recent studies indicate that some lipophilic UV filters do accumulate in biota and act as endocrine disruptors. In this study, concentrations of 4-MBC (4-methylbenzylidene camphor) and OC (octocrylene), two widely used UV filters, were determined in the muscle tissue of fish (brown trout, Salmo trutta fario) from seven small Swiss rivers, all receiving inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Lipid-weight based concentrations of up to 1800 (4-MBC) and 2400 ng g(-1) (OC) were found. These levels were distinctly higher than those previously observed in white fish (Coregonus sp.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) from Swiss lakes with inputs from WWTPs. This suggests a higher availability of these contaminants for fish in rivers than in lakes and identifies WWTPs as a major source for UV filters in the aquatic environment. As compared to lake fish, individual fish from a river showed much greater variation in 4-MBC and OC concentrations, likely as a result of a wider range of exposure in rivers than in lakes. 4-MBC concentrations correlated reasonably well with concentrations of methyl triclosan, a chemical marker for lipophilic WWTP-derived contaminants. The ratio P/Q of population (P) in a watershed to water throughflow (Q) is considered to be a measure of the domestic burden from WWTPs. A correlation of methyl triclosan with P/Q was previously observed with lake fish. However, such a correlation could not be confirmed with river fish. The higher average concentrations of OC as compared to 4-MBC in river fish, and the fact that OC was mostly absent in lake fish, suggests differences in bioaccumulation and availability of these two UV filters.     

High-rate aerobic treatment of winery wastewater using bioreactors with free and immobilized activated sludge

COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate and efficiency of winery wastewater (WW) aerobic treatments were evaluated in an air-bubble column bioreactor using self-adapted microbial populations either free or immobilized on polyurethane particles and in a packed-bed bioreactor immobilized on Raschig rings. The bioreactors were fed continuously for up to 12 months using WW of different origins and with different pollution loads (COD range, 0.8-11.0 kg.m(-3)): the maximum loading rate was approx. 8.8 kg-COD m(-3).d(-1). The highest COD removal rate (6.6 kg.m(-3).d(-1)) was obtained with free activated sludge in the bubble column bioreactor; treatment efficiency and hydraulic retention time were >90% and approx. 0.8 d, respectively. The microbial populations in the three reactors were characterized.     

高铁酸盐对染整废水脱色处理的实验研究

采用高铁酸钾对活性染料、分散染料废水和印染实际生产废水进行脱色效果和影响因素的实验研究。结果表明:高铁酸钾能有效地去除印染废水的色度,且在一定范围内,色度去除率随K2FeO4投量的增大而增大,最适宜的pH值为6～8,当K2FeO4投量为40mg/L,反应30min后,色度的去除率达到90%以上。     

光催化技术处理印染废水

武汉科技学院与武汉方元环境科技股份有限公司共同开发的高效物化组合技术成功解决了纺织印染废水处理的成本问题。用这种技术处理废水     

有机粘土吸附酸性染料废水研究

通过静态试验研究有机粘土对酸性染料废水的吸附行为,采用XRD对有机粘土进行表征.研究了pH值、有机粘土用量及废水质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附机理进行初步探讨.得出了有机粘土吸附酸性染料废水的优化条件:当有机粘土用量为1.5 g、废水初始CODCr为3 578 mg/L时,有机粘土吸附量为91.80 mg/g,CODCr去除率为76.97%.在溶剂化效应和分配作用的共同作用下,有机粘土对酸性染料废水的吸附等温线呈S型.酸性条件有利于有机粘土对酸性染料废水的吸附.有机粘土多次吸附酸性染料废水后仍有吸附能力,随着吸附次数的增加,有机粘土对污染物的吸附量逐渐降低.     

颗粒活性炭吸附苯酚模拟废水的热力学和动力学研究

研究了颗粒活性炭对苯酚的静态吸附行为,分析了吸附热力学性质和动力学特征。实验结果表明:颗粒活性炭对水中苯酚的吸附量随其初始浓度的增加而增加,吸附6h可以达到平衡;吸附过程符合McKay二级吸附动力学方程,吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温吸附方程描述;颗粒内扩散不是吸附过程唯一的控制步骤。在不同温度下,颗粒活性炭对苯酚的吸附焓变ΔH、吸附熵变ΔS、吸附吉布斯自由能变ΔG均为负值,说明苯酚在颗粒活性炭上的吸附是一个自发、放热的过程,主要是以物理吸附为主。