固定化洋葱假胞菌G63脂肪酶转酯化大豆油合成生物柴油

对固定化洋葱假胞菌G63脂肪酶催化大豆油和甲醇合成生物柴油的工艺进行了研究。通过甲基三甲氧基硅和四甲氧基硅缩水和水解反应形成的硅胶包埋固定化洋葱假胞菌G63脂肪酶。研究了酶用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、含水量对合成生物柴油的影响。优化的转酯化反应条件为：醇油摩尔比4：1,含水量5％,固定化脂肪酶15％,反应温度50℃,48h后转化率可以达到96．4％。固定化脂肪酶经多次使用后活力未见明显下降。     

固定化脂肪酶催化桐油制备生物柴油的研究

对磁性Fe3O4纳米粒固定化脂肪酶催化桐油制备生物柴油进行了研究,分步探讨了硼酸盐缓冲液用量、固定化酶用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、固定化酶清洗与否对转酯反应的影响,以及固定化酶的操作稳定性。结果表明：将正己烷与桐油体积比定为2∶?1,然后加入与桐油等摩尔的甲醇、桐油体积6%的硼酸盐缓冲液及7.5 mg/mL（以桐油体积计）固定化酶,反应5 h和12 h各加入与桐油等摩尔的甲醇（总的醇油摩尔比3∶?1）,并每次添加甲醇前用丙酮清洗固定化酶,45?℃、200 r/min 反应26 h后,甲酯转化率可达91.2%。该固定化脂肪酶连续催化10批次反应后,甲酯转化率仍然可达84.1%,具有一定的工业应用价值。     

固定化脂肪酶催化酯交换合成生物柴油研究

以苯乙烯为单体,二乙烯苯为交联剂,过氧化苯甲酞为引发剂,明胶为分散剂,采用悬浮聚合法制备St-DVB-CBA三元共聚高分子微球,将其作为固定化脂肪酶载体,通过共价结合法进行脂肪酶固定化,探讨固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油酯交换反应活性。实验结果表明:固定化脂肪酶在醇油摩尔比为3∶1,分三次加入;固定化酶加入量15wt.%(油重);反应时间24 h;反应温度40℃;正己烷加入量15wt.%(油重);水分含量4wt.%(油重);转化率最高,可达90.08%;固定化脂肪酶重复使用时显示出较好稳定性和催化活性。     

固定化脂肪酶转酯化菜籽油合成生物柴油

采用无溶剂体系,对固定化洋葱假胞菌脂肪酶催化转酯化菜籽油和甲醇合成生物柴油的工艺进行了考察。优化的转酯化反应条件为：醇油比4：1,含水量4％,固定化脂肪酶10％,反应温度50℃．12h后转化率达到了93．6％。固定化脂肪酶具有良好的操作稳定性,经多次使用后活力未见显著的下降。     

生物柴油的酶促合成研究

对固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油甲酯化反应生产生物柴油的工艺进行了研究.考察了反应条件如油醇摩尔比、甲醇的流加、温度、有机溶媒用量以及底物预处理对生物柴油产率的影响,并对产物进行了分析.结果表明,当采用乳化处理后的大豆油为底物,正己烷作为有机溶媒,固定化脂肪酶用量为原料油质量的10%,反应温度为40℃,每隔5 h流加甲醇1次,每次按油醇摩尔比1:1流加,共流加3次时,反应的转化率最高可达到94%.     

有机溶剂处理提高固定化脂肪酶活性及稳定性

为提高固定化脂肪酶催化转酯化反应的活性和稳定性,采用活性炭、硅胶G和DM-130树脂吸附固定脂肪酶LVK-F100,并用甲醇、丙酮、丙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷以及环己烷处理湿的固定化脂肪酶。结果表明,甲醇、正己烷和环己烷处理对固定化脂肪酶有钝化作用,而丙酮、丙醇、异丙醇和乙酸乙酯处理能显著提高固定化脂肪酶的活性。用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇处理吸附固定的脂肪酶1 h,可使固定化脂肪酶活力分别提高1.70~2.25倍、半衰期延长3.2~8.4 h、催化大豆油转酯化反应延长使用周期2~5批。异丙醇和乙酸乙酯处理还可提高固定化脂肪酶的热稳定性。     

交联剂固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶及其催化反应研究

以价格低廉的无纺布为固定化载体,添加聚丙烯酸酯作为交联剂,生产固定化脂肪酶。这种固定化方法对脂肪酶的纯度等性质要求不高,制备工艺操作简单。交联剂对酶液的活力没有影响,且具有一定的成膜特性,能够为脂肪酶分子催化提供良好的微环境。固定化脂肪酶酶活损失较少,在25%以内。制备的固定化脂肪酶在棕榈酸异辛酯酯化反应体系可以重复催化达到47批次,酯化率在80%以上;在酯交换生产脂肪酸甲酯反应体系可以连续反应25批次,转酯化率在90%以上。     

酶法改良大豆油制备质构脂质的研究

研究了固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油与辛酸酸解制备质构脂质的工艺.脂肪酶筛选实验表明,在所选用的三种脂肪酶中,来自Rhizomucor miehei的固定化脂肪酶RM IM催化效果最好.以RM IM为催化剂,进一步考察了酶用量、底物摩尔比、水分添加量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对辛酸插入率的影响.结果表明:当大豆油500mg时,最佳的反应条件为:反应温度40℃,底物摩尔比6∶1(辛酸∶大豆油),固定化酶10%(底物重量百分比),水分添加量10%(酶的重量百分比),反应24h,辛酸的插入率为43%,质构脂质的脂肪酸分布最合理.     

有机溶剂体系固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油

探讨了有机溶剂体系固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶催化大豆色拉油合成生物柴油的过程。将固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶置于有机溶剂体系中催化合成生物柴油的效果较好。研究发现,在40℃下反应10 h,固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶以石油醚作为有机溶剂转化率最高,当总醇油物质的量比为3∶1,固定化酶占5%(相对于油质量),加入5%质量分数的水时固定化酶反应活性最高,酯化率可以达到88.4%。固定化酶重复使用10次仍具有较高活性。     

分步加醇脂肪酶催化菜籽油制备乙酯生物柴油

研究了脂肪酶催化菜籽油乙醇解反应的几个主要影响因素,即醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间,并研究了正己烷对反应的影响.得出脂肪酶催化菜籽油乙醇解制备生物柴油的最佳反应条件为醇油摩比51、催化剂用量10%、反应温度40℃、反应时间为36 h、正己烷15%.在最佳反应条件下,一次加乙醇时转酯率为86%;采用三步加醇能很好改善催化环境,转酯率达到93%.并利用气相色谱分析了产物中脂肪酸乙酯的组成.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press