多管膜式磺化与双膜式磺化装置的比较及改进措施

本文从工艺、设备、产品质量、物耗、操作等方面比较了引进的意大利BALLESTRA公司多管膜式磺化与意大利现代机械公司对膜式磺化装置的优缺点,并提出了改进措施。     

双膜式三氧化硫磺化反应器模型研究(上篇)

本文研究建立了双膜磺化反应器模型,用以表征反应器中转化率、温度及压力等随塔长的分布为气体和液体的流动状态、物性参数、液膜的组成及系统中其他参数的函数,并预示反应器中其特征分布与工艺操作参数之间相对应的函数关系。模型计算结果与生产装置实测数据较接近。模型的研究对磺化反应器的结构及其工程设计以及在生产操作过程中工艺参数的优化、提高产品质量具有指导意义。     

烷基苯SO3磺化工艺改进

在采用烷基苯SO3磺化工艺制造烷基苯磺酸过程中,许多装置会遇到含量、色泽不稳定的问题。通过对某合成洗涤剂厂烷基苯SO3磺化设备、工艺等因素的研究分析,对生产工艺进行了系统改进,烷基苯磺酸含量稳定在96%以上,色泽稳定在30klett以下。     

三氧化硫气体多管膜式磺化器的改进

主要介绍了对SO_3多管膜式磺化器主要零件在结构、制造方面进行的改进及对磺化/硫酸化产品质量控制、装置运行稳定性、设备可靠性的影响。     

双膜磺化反应器反应高度的计算

本文是“双膜式三氧化硫磺化传质系数计算的探讨”一文的续篇,也是“探讨”一文的逆过程。叙述了设计条件下计算Kg值和确定磺化器工艺尺寸的方法。进一步由Kg值计算出Kc值。从而推演了双膜磺化器反应高度计算方程式,据此还可算出在任一反应高度时的SO3反应率。     

国产大型磺化器的开发、应用追踪及发展

介绍了首台国产3.8t/h(90管)膜式磺化反应器及配套设备在近5年内的开发和应用情况,以及有关国产大型多管膜式磺化反应器及配套设备的设计、制造和调试的研究进展.     

六元环型磺化聚酰亚胺类质子交换膜

磺化聚酰亚胺是一类很有希望在燃料电池中获得应用的质子交换膜材料。本文对近年来六元环型磺化聚酰亚胺的制备、磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的各项性能做了一定的归纳与分析。重点介绍了耐水性、耐久性、离子交换容量、质子电导率四个方面的测试方法及影响因素,指出目前存在的问题并预测了今后重点研究的方向。     

气液喷射式磺化反应器的应用研究

用喷射式磺化反应器分别对脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯、重烷基苯、脂肪醇、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和α 烯烃等原料进行了SO3气相磺化/硫酸化反应,研究了反应器主要结构参数对产品质量的影响,并与膜式反应器作了比较。结果表明:喷射磺化反应器制备的烷基苯磺酸、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸的产品质量与膜式磺化反应器相当,制备的重烷基苯磺酸盐产品质量稳定,降低原油/水界面张力的能力优于膜式磺化器制备的产品,但在磺化α 烯烃、硫酸化脂肪醇和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚时转化率低于90%,产品质量明显不及膜式反应器。从两种反应器的传质、传热机理及效率,不同有机原料的SO3磺化机理及反应速度等方面对以上现象进行了分析和讨论,认为喷射式磺化反应器适用于脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯、重烷基苯的磺化,目前的结构参数不适用于α 烯烃、脂肪醇和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的磺化/硫酸化反应,需要进一步调整,改善传质效率。     

溶剂的性质对聚砜／磺化聚砜合金膜性能的影响

介绍了溶剂的性质对聚砜 /磺化聚砜 (PSF/SPSF)合金分离膜膜性能的影响     

双膜式三氧化硫磺化反应器模型研究(下篇)

<正>第三章模型计算结果与讨论将上海白猫有限公司的WHITBCAT磺化反应器生产工艺及设备工艺参数作为标准输入数据输入该模型,分析转化率及液膜温度沿塔长的变化状况。当然这些生产工艺参数是可以变化的,     

多管膜式磺化反应器设计和运用规律

阐明了多管膜式磺化器在设计和制造的放大过程中,反应物进料均匀分配、调节和自动补偿的原理。     

对甲苯磺酸磺化反应器的研究进展

介绍了几种合成对甲苯磺酸反应器,比较了他们的优缺点,并展望了超重机磺化反应器的应用前景。     

我国三氧化硫磺化技术的最新进展

介绍了我国SO3磺化技术的发展过程、现状及未来发展趋势。由于国产大型磺化反应器的成功研制促使了我国SO3磺化装置向大型化发展,磺化与硫酸化产品的市场化又促使磺化产品生产企业向规模化和集团化变化。今后磺化产品市场的竞争将更趋激烈,磺化与硫酸化新产品尚待进一步开发。     

新型转鼓反应器在脂肪酸甲酯连续磺化中的应用

设计了一种新型的转鼓反应器并用于脂肪酸甲酯的连续磺化反应。研究结果表明,新型转鼓反应器具有持液量小、液体中气含率高、气液停留时间分布均匀的特点。在转鼓转速为1 200 r/min、SO3体积分数为5%、SO3/FAME摩尔比为1.2∶1、85℃磺化、65℃老化、老化1 h的条件下,得到的产品中脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠质量分数为84.9%,二钠盐质量分数为1.2%,二钠盐的质量分数明显小于文献报道值;得到的产品符合国家优级品要求。     

Experimental studies of nitrobenzene hydrogenation in a microstructured falling film reactor

Nitrobenzene hydrogenation over palladium catalyst was performed in a microstructured falling film reactor at a range of flowrates (0.5-3 ml/min) and pressure (1-6 bar). Confocal microscopy was used to measure liquid film thickness. Comparison with film thickness prediction equations showed an overprediction of 10-30%. The k_La of this system was estimated to be 3-8 s⁻¹ with interfacial surface area per reaction volume 9000-15000 m²/m³. Conversion was found to be affected by both liquid flowrate and hydrogen pressure, and the reactor operated between the kinetic and mass transfer controlled regimes.     

Effects of structural parameters on water film properties of transpiring wall reactor

Corrosion and salt deposition problems severely restrict the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation. Transpiring wall reactor can effectively weaken these two problems by a protective water film. In this work, methanol was selected as organic matter, and the influences of vital structural parameters on water film properties and organic matter removal were studied via numerical simulation. The results indicate that higher than 99% of methanol conversion could be obtained and hardly affected by transpiration water layer, transpiring wall porosity and inner diameter. Increasing layer and porosity reduced reactor center temperature, but inner diameter's influence was lower relatively. Water film temperature reduced but coverage rate raised as layer, porosity, and inner diameter increased. Notably, the whole reactor was in supercritical state and coverage rate was only approximately 85% in the case of one layer. Increasing reactor length affected slightly the volume of the upper supercritical zone but enlarged the subcritical zone.     

Design of novel plasma reactor for diamond film deposition

Development of microwave plasma reactors is a key factor for improving microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) techniques for producing high quality diamond films. In this paper, a new microwave plasma reactor operated at 2.45 GHz was proposed on the basis of numerical simulation. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to optimize the geometry, and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method was employed to calculate the electric field and the plasma density. The proposed reactor works mainly at the TM₀₂₁ mode, and it has an excellent power handing capability. Preliminary experiment showed that high density hemispherical plasma could be ignited inside the reactor, and uniform diamond film could be deposited on substrates at high input microwave power.     

Catalyst preparation and deactivation issues for nitrobenzene hydrogenation in a microstructured falling film reactor

Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in ethanol was performed continuously in a microstructured falling film reactor at 60 °C, 1–4 bar hydrogen pressure and residence time 9–17 s. Palladium catalyst was deposited as films or particles via sputtering, UV-decomposition of palladium acetate, incipient wetness or impregnation. Deactivation was observed and was particularly pronounced for the sputtered and UV-decomposed catalysts. Catalysts prepared through incipient wetness or impregnation were more stable and activity could be recovered by oxidation at 130 °C. The main causes of deactivation were determined to be deposition of organic compounds and palladium loss.     

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of typical components of waste plastics in a falling film pyrolysis reactor

Waste plastics mainly come from MSW and usually exist in the form of mixed plastics. During the co-pyrolysis process of mixed plastics, various plastic components have different physicochemical properties and reaction mechanisms. Considering the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity of molten plastics, a falling film pyrolysis reactor was selected to explore the rapid co-pyrolysis process of typical plastic components (PP, PE and PS). The oil and gas yields and the compositions of pyrolysis products of the three components under different ratios at pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed to explore the co-pyrolysis characteristics of PP, PE, and PS. The study is of great significance to the recycling of waste plastics.