基于图论最优二叉树算法的图像分割研究

为了提高分割图像的质量,采用图论二叉树算法。首先建立像素点之间对应图论节点边权值,通过最小生成树边权值确定最优分割阈值,将边长大于最优分割阈值的边断开;然后用两个区域之间的不相似关系函数确定最佳分割区域;接着对分割区域合并判断;最后给出算法流程。实验仿真显示本文算法分割图像效果好,不受外界特性影响,分割后图像区域内部均匀性最大。     

基于图论最小割集算法的图像分割研究

为了提高图像分割的质量,采用图论最小割集算法进行了研究。首先将图像中的像素点映射为图论节点,节点权值通过平衡因子与共享最近邻节点数的比率计算;然后基于最小化能量方程建立图像最小割集,提取分割块内的灰度值作为块特征向量,用最小生成树对图分割;接着用判定函数判断临近区域是合并或者分割;最后给出了算法流程。结果表明,该算法可以分割出目标信息,并且算法鲁棒性好、峰值内存小。     

基于分形理论的改进型二维最大熵红外图像分割算法

提出了一种基于分形理论的改进型二维最大熵红外图像阈值分割算法。该算法利用图像分形维数挖掘像素的空间分布信息,然后将原图像灰度及其分形维数映射图像灰度相结合组成二维随机向量,并构造出联合离散概率分布。在此基础上,以二维最大熵原则来确定一个最佳二维分割阈值,进而取得分割结果。实验结果表明,该算法在分割效果上优于传统的二维最大熵分割算法。     

改进的分水岭算法用于X光医学图像分割

为了提高医学图像分割质量,提出了一种基于X光医学图像的改进分水岭算法。算法在应用分水岭算法前首先对感兴趣图像进行预处理,包括对感兴趣区域进行最小阈值法,分离背景区,对前景区运用腐蚀和膨胀运算得到候选区;在分水岭变换过程中,通过像素聚类合并准则,将与主像素聚类有相同特性的次像素聚类加入到分割结果中,最终得到合并区域。试验证明,这种改进的分水岭算法使过分割现象得到减少,有效地分割和提取医学图像中的病变区域。     

基于改进的GSA彩色图像分割方法研究

提出了一种基于改进的GSA(Gravitational Search Algorithm)无监督彩色图像分割方法。在GSA的基础上,采用了改进的欧氏距离,引入了像素分离过程,并给出了像素分离条件的最小速度。首先像素点的移动采用改进的欧氏距离进行GSA搜索;然后进行区域生长,合并相同性质的像素;最后达到一定速率的部分像素点从聚类中分离出来。实验结果表明,与传统C均值聚类算法和GSA算法相比,该方法在复杂场景图像中具有更好的分割效果。     

基于图论和FCM的图像分割算法

针对FCM算法缺少空间关联信息且计算量大的问题,本文提出一种结合图论和FCM的图像分割算法。首先,引入图论算法对图像进行预处理,将图分割为子图。接着,对分割后的子图进行FCM聚类得到聚类中心。然后,提出一种基于聚类中心颜色和空间信息的加权距离,作为并查集算法的合并准则。最后,采用改进的并查集算法对聚类结果进行区域合并。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证图像分割质量的同时提高了图像分割速度。     

一种与图论Normalized Cut方法相结合的双阈值图像分割

提出了一种与图论方法相结合的双阈值分割方法,先采用双阈值划分图像区域,然后建立无向图,采用Normalized Cut方法划分图,完成图像分割.本文的方法综合考虑了像素间的灰度值和空间距离的相似性,并且运算量比传统的图论方法要小很多.实验结果表明,算法可以取得很好的分割效果.     

基于空间约束的模糊核聚类红外图像分割

提出了一种基于空间约束的模糊核聚类红外图像分割算法.首先将图像映射到特征空间,在特征空间内进行模糊聚类,针对红外图像中存在的噪声点和野值等干扰问题引入了像素点的八邻域局部空间约束信息,并定义了像素分类可靠性指数修正隶属度函数在整个图像范围内分析像素分类的合理性,其中像素分类可靠性指数包括像素分类灰度可靠性指数和像素分类距离可靠性指数.实验结果表明,这种考虑局部空间约束和整体空间约束的模糊核聚类算法可更有效地对红外图像进行分割.     

结合双树复小波变换和改进密度峰值快速搜索聚类的乳腺MR图像分割

针对乳腺MR图像组织复杂、灰度不均匀、难分割的特点,本文提出双树复小波（DTCWT）变换结合密度聚类的图像分割方法.首先利用复小波域双变量模型结合各向异性扩散函数对图像进行去噪处理;进而通过简单线性迭代聚类（SLIC）算法将图像划分成一定数量的超像素区域,根据事先设置的阈值搜索每个超像素的近邻,从而降低基于K近邻的密度峰值快速搜索聚类（KNN-DPC）算法寻找每个样本近邻的时间;最终,引入超像素区域的近邻信息度量样本密度,采用KNN-DPC算法的分配策略自适应聚类.仿真和临床数据分割结果表明,所提算法能有效的实现乳腺MR图像的分割.     

一种基于白像素增量比的字幕图像分割算法

字幕分割是指对检测定位到的视频字幕图像进行分割,使其字符像素与本底背景像素分离,二值化为可供OCR软件识别的字幕图像。为了克服字幕图像分割中容易出现的过分割及欠分割现象,提出一种基于字幕区域和外扩区域"白像素"数量增量比判决的字幕图像分割算法,该算法通过逐步改变图像分割阈值,以分析图像分割结果作为反馈来判决当前分割效果的好坏,从而确定最优分割阈值。大量结果表明,该算法性能良好,其分割效果远优于传统的OTSU算法、K均值聚类等经典算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.