基于SPIN的远程证明协议的形式化分析及改进

远程证明是解决移动支付安全问题的有效手段之一。通过对可信计算远程证明协议进行分析,发现用户平台配置信息的隐私性、用户的认证性和远程验证者的认证性存在脆弱点,使用SPIN模型检测工具,应用模型检测方法对协议进行了形式化分析,检测出破坏性攻击漏洞。针对协议中的漏洞对协议进行改进,提出了一种基于用户属性加盐哈希的方法,通过用户属性保证协议的安全传输。最后使用SPIN检测改进后的协议,证明了改进方案的有效性、安全性,阻断了发现的攻击。     

基于串空间理论的安全协议自动验证

针对目前串空间理论依赖分析人员主观判断、无法使用自动化工具进行验证的问题,提出了基于串空间理论的协议认证属性标准化验证过程。首先为协议消息项定义类型标签,对串空间及认证测试理论进行扩展;然后通过判断测试元素出现位置、检验测试元素参数一致性、确认变换进行边唯一存在性和检验目标串参数一致性,将基于串空间理论的协议验证过程标准化为可程序实现的步骤。该算法的时间复杂度为O(n²),避免了模型检测方法的状态空间爆炸问题,并在此基础上实现了安全协议认证属性的自动化验证工具。以BAN-Yahalom协议和TLS 1.0握手协议为例进行了标准化的分析验证,找到了对BAN-Yahalom协议的一种新攻击形式。该攻击无需限制服务器对随机数的检查,比Syverson发现的攻击更具普遍性。     

认证测试方法的改进及应用

基于串空间模型的认证测试方法被证明是一种分析认证协议的有效工具,为了使之适用于类型更多、规模更大的安全协议,并提高其在协议的认证性、可达性、机密性、非否认性、会话密钥的新鲜性及主体间的关联度上的分析能力,对原有的认证测试方法进行改进,充分利用消息格式,细化分析步骤,增添相关符号以分析复杂协议的更多安全特性。利用该方法能缩减模型检测自动化工具的搜索范围,在解决空间爆炸问题的同时有效地找到多方协议的具体攻击路径,而且它对安全协议的设计和验证也具有一定的指导作用。     

认证测试方法的改进及应用

基于串空间模型的认证测试方法被证明是一种分析认证协议的有效工具,为了使之适用于类型更多、规模更大的安全协议,并提高其在协议的认证性、可达性、机密性、非否认性、会话密钥的新鲜性及主体间的关联度上的分析能力,对原有的认证测试方法进行改进,充分利用消息格式,细化分析步骤,增添相关符号以分析复杂协议的更多安全特性。利用该方法能缩减模型检测自动化工具的搜索范围,在解决空间爆炸问题的同时有效地找到多方协议的具体攻击路径,而且它对安全协议的设计和验证也具有一定的指导作用。     

认证测试方法对TLS协议的分析及其应用

TLS(传输层安全)协议被广泛用来保证Web的安全,为了分析其安全性,用串空间模型对其进行形式化描述,并用认证测试方法分别对客户端和服务器端的认证性进行分析,证明协议存在中间人攻击,通过修改认证测试方法的测试元素对协议形式进行改进,并证明改进后协议的正确性.     

串空间模型及其认证测试方法的一种扩展与应用

认证测试方法是基于串空间模型的验证安全协议的一种形式化方法,由于串空间模型没有抽象更多的密码学原语,因此难以分析较复杂的安全协议。通过扩展消息项、子项关系以及入侵者模型,扩展了串空间模型及相应的认证测试方法。根据扩展后的认证测试方法,分析了SSL3.0握手协议,验证了该协议认证属性。     

基于串空间模型安全协议形式化分析方法的研究

从串空间模型理论人手,提出了三种典型的串空间形式化方法(基于极小元理论的串空间方法、基于理想与诚实理论的串空间方法、基于认证测试理论的串空间方法),并对每一种方法的证明步骤及优缺点进行了分析.在此基础上,应用提出的串空间方法对Yahalom协议的秘密性和认证性进行了分析.分析结果表明利用不同方法的优点,能更好地保证安全协议形式化分析的准确性.     

IPSec协议的远程证明扩展

传统IPScc协议在建立安全通信连接时,没有考虑终端自身安全问题,而可信计算的远程证明机制就是为被接入方提供接入方的自身安全证明,将其引入IPSec协议可以弥补建立IPSe。连接时的终端安全漏洞。首先分析了IPScc协议的IKE协商过程和可信计算技术的远程证明机制,然后以基于数字签名的IKE主模式流程为例,提出在IKE协商阶段引入远程证明机制的IPScc远程证明扩展协议流程及安全分析。该协议引入带有SKAE扩展项的身份证书,实现对终端身份和系统完整性的双重认证,确保端到端的安全连接。协议在保证通信信息的机密性、完整性、新鲜性之外,也充分保护终端平台隐私性。     

基于串空间模型安全协议形式化分析方法的研究

从串空间模型理论人手,提出了三种典型的串空间形式化方法（基于极小元理论的串空间方法、基于理想与诚实理论的串空间方法、基于认证测试理论的串空间方法）,并对每一种方法的证明步骤及优缺点进行了分析。在此基础上,应用提出的串空间方法对Yahalom协议的秘密性和认证性进行了分析。分析结果表明利用不同方法的优点,能更好地保证安全协议形式化分析的准确性。     

基于伪ID的RFID认证协议及串空间证明

安全有效的认证协议是对RFID系统安全的有力保障,适宜的形式化分析方法能为RFID认证协议提供有效的证明。设计了基于伪ID的RFID认证协议,伪ID由标签ID、标签认证数值和随机数产生。标签ID不出现在协议执行过程中,减少了系统遭受攻击的可能性。协议通过标签ID、标签认证值和随机数的Hash运算实现认证。利用串空间模型对协议进行形式化分析,建立认证协议的串空间模型丛图,证明了协议的保密性和匿名性。通过分析常规的基于Hash函数的认证协议的性能可知,该协议在使用较低运算成本的情况下可以抵抗多种攻击,并能够完成标签和读写器之间的双向认证。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.