TCP协议在无线网络中的一种改进方法

近年来,无线网络飞速发展,但由于其物理特性的影响,使其不如有线网络那么可靠,无线网络上的丢包率大大高于有线网络.当无线网络中出现丢包后,传统TCP协议会启动其拥塞控制机制,从而造成TCP性能的极大下降.对此提出了一种在传输层上改进wired-cum-wireless网络上TCP协议的方法--WirelessACK响应机制,力图在不改变有线网络的基础上提高TCP的性能.     

基于RS码的网络编码层设计

针对高丢包率的无线网络环境下TCP/IP协议由于其自身缺陷难以提高网络吞吐量的问题,在TCP/IP层次结构中的传输层和网络层之间引入了一个网络编码层。此层在有线网络环境下,对于传输层和网络层来说是透明的,不影响TCP/IP层次结构的功能;在高丢包率的网络环境下,通过编码窗口使用基于RS码的网络编码来提高网络传输吞吐量。网络编码层模型被引入NS2网络仿真软件,仿真结果表明,在高丢包率的网络环境下,此层可提高网络传输吞吐量。     

Ad Hoc网络中TCP协议的性能及其改进策略

目前,AdHoc网络的传输层协议基本上仍沿用传统有线网络的传输层协议,AdHoc网络的动态特性使得许多传统的网络协议不再有效,其中涉及到网络性能至关重要的传输层协议(包括UDP和TCP)。为此,必须对传统无线网络中的TCP协议进行改造以适应AdHoc网络环境。本文详细地阐述了传统的TCP协议在AdHoc网络中存在的问题,并分析了AdHoc网络中TCP协议的性能,总结出各种改进的方法和机制。这些机制主要包括:链路层确认机制,用于屏蔽无线链路错误引起的分组丢失;网络层反馈和探测机制,用于使TCP知道路由的状态和分组丢失的原因;通过合理设置拥塞…     

一种丢包区分方法及其在Linux下的实现

针对传统拥塞控制机制在无线链路丢包的情况下出现的盲目降低拥塞窗口、TCP吞吐量下降的问题,研究无线/有线混合环境下基于该机制的一种丢包区分方法——WECN,在Linux操作系统下进行实现。搭建混合网络实验床仿真WECN与TCP Reno, TCP Westwood 2种协议相结合的网络模型。测试结果表明,WECN能扩展到已有的TCP协议中,提高含无线链路网络中TCP的吞吐量。     

Netfilter/Iptables框架下基于TCP滑动窗口的串行流量控制算法

传统的基于流量整形的流量控制算法通常需要建立对应的队列模型,实施起来极为复杂,而且所有数据包都要进入整形队列,加大了网络延时。本文从TCP协议拥塞控制和数据包组包机制出发,提出了基于TCP滑动窗口的串行流量控制算法,通过改变TCP发送端窗口的大小来达到流量控制的目的。本文在Linux内核Netfilter/iptables框架中实现了该流量控制方法,在部署的网络环境中,比较了不同参数设置下的算法效果。与CBQ算法相比,该方法降低了数据包在队列中排队整形的延时。     

移动Ad Hoc网络中TCP在AODV和DSDV协议及RW和SN移动模型中的性能研究

通过大量模拟实验分析比较了移动Ad Hoc网络中TCP-New Reno协议在不同路由协议(AODV,DSDV)和在不同移动模型(RW,SN)生成的移动场景中的性能,包括有效吞吐率,延迟,丢包率.结果表明,使用AODV协议比使用DSDV协议,TCP有更高的性能.TCP在SN生成的移动场景中比在RW生成的移动场景中有更稳定的性能.在传输层协议的性能评价中,建议使用多种移动模型,特别是SN这样具有现实意义的模型.     

具有最小平方误差积分的主动队列管理算法ISE-GPM-PID

随着互联网流媒体应用的增多,流媒体流量在互联网总流量中所占比例越来越大。流媒体流量具有时延敏感和容忍丢包等特点,通常采用UDP协议传输;UDP流量是对TCP/AQM模型的干扰流量,但现有针对TCP长流设计的主动队列管理算法缺乏抗击UDP流量干扰的能力,不能适应互联网视频和音频流量日益增多的局面。利用TCP/AQM模型,设计了一个具有最小平方误差积分,且相角裕度在30°至60°之间,幅值裕度在2至5之间的基于PID控制器的主动队列管理算法ISE-GPM-PID。该算法对UDP流量具有良好的抗干扰能力,能适应互联网流媒体和Web应用日益增多的局面;同时其响应速度快,计算开销小,能用于大时滞网络环境,且鲁棒性好。     

基于ECN的实时多媒体的实时多媒体流TCP友好控制

随着Internet上多媒体应用的日益增加,实时多媒体流的TCP友好控制成为当前的研究热点。该机制基于RTP/RTCP协议,以ECN的方式将拥塞状况通知发送端,在路由器中采用RED队列管理策略,在端主机采用TCP友好的速率调节机制。ECNBCC机制具有TCP友好的特性并且可以对网络早期拥塞作出反应,从而降低丢包率和网络延时,该机制也可用于无线网络多媒体流的拥塞控制。     

6LoWPAN中分布式TCP缓存队列策略

在多TCP连接的6Lo WPAN(IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks)网络中,针对丢包严重时存在频繁的端到端重传问题,提出分布式TCP缓存队列策略。该策略能够使中间节点合理地缓存不同TCP连接在链路层传输中丢失的分段,从而保证每个TCP连接的性能,减少网络能耗。另外,采用ARQ机制进行链路层数据帧传输时,由于中间节点判断丢包的准确率较低,导致缓存队列中存在一些实际未丢失的分段。对这些分段的重传会消耗额外的能量,降低了缓存队列的利用率。因此缓存管理采用询问邻居节点的方式检查分段是否丢失,及时地删除无效的缓存分段。实验结果表明,采用分布式TCP缓存队列策略可以使得多个TCP连接的网络性能以及缓存队列利用率得到了很大提高。     

对TCP-Friendly拥塞控制协议的一种改进

TCP友好速率控制(TFRC)是用于对非TCP流进行拥塞控制的一种机制。由于无线环境下数据传输的丢包不一定是网络拥塞引起的,因此采用原有的TFRC协议常常会导致误操作。采用有偏队列管理策略,这个策略可以添加到任何主动队列管理机制中去区分拥塞丢包和非拥塞丢包,减少不必要的拥塞控制,使无线网络的传输性能得以提高。通过网络模拟软件进行模拟实验,验证了此方法对无线网络传输速率的稳定性有明显改善,保证了应用层的QoS。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.