FAPAS制备以微晶Ni_3Al为中间层的金属基功能梯度材料

采用电场激活压力辅助燃烧合成工艺(FAPAS)制备(TiB2)pNi/Ni3Al/M功能梯度材料。研究电场作用下Ni3Al的原位燃烧合成及其与金属和复合材料层(TiB2)pNi的同步扩散连接机理,探讨电场对Ni3Al与不同金属扩散连接界面结构和冶金特征的影响,并对梯度材料的界面微观组织、相组成和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:在外加电场和应力场的作用下,镍粉和铝粉发生剧烈反应生成细小致密的Ni3Al金属间化合物,产生的化学热有助于促进界面物质迁移,这是形成连接的关键;梯度材料的各层之间完全连接,抗热冲击性能良好,断面微观硬度呈梯度分布。     

TiB2对Ni基合金激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响

采用5 kW CO2激光器在低碳钢表面熔覆Ni基合金层及TiB2/Ni基合金金属陶瓷涂层,研究了两种涂层的组织、显微硬度以及滑动磨损特性.结果表明,Ni基合金层主要组成相为γ-(Ni,Fe),Cr23C6等,TiB2/Ni基合金复合涂层组成相主要有γ-(Ni,Fe),Ni3B,TiB2和TiC等;Ni基合金层由发达γ-(Ni,Fe)枝晶和其间共晶组织所组成,TiB2/Ni基合金复合涂层典型组织为等轴固溶体以及其间细小共晶组织;TiB2对熔覆层的组织有显著的影响,使熔覆层组织细化,并由树枝晶转变为等轴晶;加入TiB2可显著提高Ni基合金涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性能.     

功能梯度金属陶瓷的制备与性能

采用熔渗/氮化复合处理技术对TiC-TiN基、WC基金属陶瓷进行了高温高压熔渗/氮化处理,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等分析技术对其显微组织、成分及结构进行了分析.结果表明：经过高温高压熔渗/氮化处理,WC-Co金属陶瓷未形成梯度结构;WC-TiC-Co金属陶瓷表面形成了TiN,但是从材料表面向内部的成分过渡存在明显的界面;TiC-TiN基金属陶瓷由表面到心部形成了梯度结构,其硬度自表面向心部呈现高-低-高的变化趋势, 该金属陶瓷表面主要形成了Ti（C0.3N0.7）.     

纳米Al2O3/Ni梯度镀层的电镀工艺研究

在瓦特镀镍液中制备纳米Al2O3/Ni复合镀层,研究了阴极电流密度、纳米Al2O3加入量对镀层纳米Al2O3质量分数及镀层显微硬度的影响.采用恒电流电沉积工艺制备了纳米Al2O3/Ni梯度镀层,镀层显微硬度由内到外逐渐增加.磨损试验表明,在油润滑条件下,梯度镀层的耐磨性比普通复合镀层提高了150%.     

激光快速成形316L不锈钢/镍基合金/Ti6Al4V梯度材料

用激光快速成形法制备了致密、无裂纹的316L不锈钢(SS)/镍基合金/Ti6Al4V梯度薄壁件.EDS与XRD分析显示,在316L SS/镍基合金梯度过渡区内为单相,γ奥氏体,硬度沿316L SS到镍基合金方向逐步增加;在镍基合金/Ti6Al4V梯度过渡区内,组织变化顺序为:γ→γ β TiNi3 Ti2Ni→TiNi3 Ti2Ni β→Ti2Ni β→α β Ti2Ni→α β;过渡区内,Ti6Al4V含量为20%(质量分数)时,硬度达到最大值HV10 830,随后,随Ti6Al4V含量增加,硬度逐渐减小.     

SHS/PHIP法压铸模表面制备TiC/Ni功能梯度涂层研究

利用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压技术(SHS/PHIP),在H13钢表面成功制备了TiC/Ni梯度功能涂层,采用XRD和SEM-EDS对涂层进行物相分析和微观组织观察,采用显微硬度测定和冲击试验对涂层性能进行检测。结果表明,涂层的主要物相为TiC和Ni基固溶体,原位生成的TiC颗粒细小且分布均匀,与Ni结合成紧密的TiC/Ni金属陶瓷结构。表面涂层显微硬度(HV_(0.05))为857.94,涂层与基体结合良好。     

激光粉末沉积轻质Ti/Al密度梯度材料的裂纹形成机理及自愈合行为

利用激光粉末沉积技术制备轻质Ti/Al密度梯度材料,采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针显微分析仪、能谱仪、显微硬度测试仪等,分析了梯度材料的组织结构特征,研究了激光粉末沉积轻质Ti/Al密度梯度材料的裂纹形成机理及其自愈合行为.结果表明:轻质Ti/Al密度梯度材料的微观组织呈现渐变特征,相结构转变呈现Ti→Ti3Al→TiA...     

反应热压法制备Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料及功能梯度材料

采用NiO、Al和Cr粉末反应热压制备了Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料,NiCrAl合金由NiO还原出来的Ni与添加的Cr和Al反应形成.制备了不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料,并以Al2O3体积分数分别为25%、52.2%和75%的Al2O3/NiCrAl复合材料为过渡层制备了Y稳定氧化锆(YSZ)到NiCrAl合金的功能梯度材料.X射线衍射分析、金相观察、硬度测量和热循环冲击实验结果表明:用该方法制备的复合材料由Al2O3陶瓷相和(Ni,Cr,Al)固溶体组成,而Al2O3颗粒由NiO与Al原位反应形成,尺寸细小,呈弥散分布.该功能梯度材料经从室温到1 000℃空气中10次热循环后未发现有裂纹,表明该方法制备的材料陶瓷相与合金相有良好的相容性、较高的结合强度、良好的耐高温抗氧化及热循环冲击性能.     

浸镀Ni对Al/Cu双金属材料界面显微组织及力学性能的影响(英文)

采用浸镀的方法在纯铝基体上浸镀镍基镀层,然后在450~550℃温度范围内用扩散复合的方法制备Al/Cu双金属材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别对Al/Cu结合体的界面显微组织以及断裂表面进行表征。用拉伸剪切测试及显微硬度测试对Al/Cu双金属材料的力学性能进行测量。结果表明,Ni中间层可以有效地消除Al—Cu金属间化合物的形成。Al/Ni界面由Al_3Ni和Al_3Ni_2两相组成,而在Ni/Cu界面处则是Ni—Cu固溶体。Ni中间层的加入提高了复层材料的拉伸剪切强度。在500℃制备的添加Ni中间层的试样表现出最大的拉伸剪切值,为34.7 MPa。     

铜材表面激光合金化和激光熔覆制备Ni/Cu-Cr3C2/Co梯度涂层

目的提高铜合金的表面硬度,改善其耐磨性能。方法利用激光表面合金化和激光熔覆工艺在铜合金表面制备出Ni/Cu-Cr_3C_2/Co梯度涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪,系统分析了合金化过渡层与熔覆层的物相构成及显微组织,通过硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验,对梯度涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行评估。结果合金化过渡层组织致密且具有单一柱状晶结构,主要由α-(Cu,Ni)固溶体、Ni_3Al和Ni Al构成。Cr_3C_2/Co复合熔覆层中分布着未熔Cr_3C_2颗粒,且以未熔Cr_3C_2颗粒为中心,四周有大量呈杆状(或针状)的M_(23)C_6和M_7C_3型碳化物,这种碳化物可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度。梯度涂层的显微硬度从基体的80HV逐渐增加到熔覆层的640HV,梯度涂层的摩擦磨损失重仅为铜合金基体的1/8。铜基体的磨损表面发生大规模破坏并形成大量磨屑,其磨损机制主要是粘着磨损;Cr_3C_2/Co喷涂层由于内部结合力较弱,出现了大量的疲劳磨损面,其磨损机制为表面疲劳磨损;而Ni/Cu-Cr_3C_2/Co梯度涂层的磨损表面比较平整,只存在轻微的"犁沟",其磨损机制为典型的磨粒磨损。结论梯度涂层由于Cr_3C_2、M_(23)C_6及M_7C_3相的存在,显微硬度和耐磨性能显著提高。同时,涂层的成分与性能均呈一定的梯度变化,改善了铜基体与涂层的相容性。     

大气等离子喷涂TiB2-316L不锈钢基复合涂层及其耐磨性能

分别采用高能球磨制备了TiB2含量(质量分数)为10%的316L不锈钢基复合粉,高能球磨与喷雾干燥造粒工艺制备了TiB2含量(质量分数)为40%的316L不锈钢基复合粉,大气等离子喷涂制备相应的TiB2-316L不锈钢基金属陶瓷涂层与316L不锈钢涂层.室温下采用高速环块磨损试验研究TiB2-316L不锈钢基金属陶瓷涂层的磨损特性.采用X射线衍射分析涂层物相,扫描电镜分析喷涂粉末、涂层结构和摩擦副磨损表面形貌.结果表明,大气等离子喷涂两种制粉工艺获得的316L不锈钢基TiB2复合粉能获得较耐磨的316L不锈钢基TiB2复合涂层,耐磨性高于316L不锈钢涂层,且TiB2在复合涂层中增强涂层耐磨性的原因是TiB2颗粒在涂层316L韧性基体中充当强化相,且TiB2在摩擦接触处摩擦氧化形成的氧化产物具有自润滑特性,能减少涂层的磨损量.     

Microstructure and Sliding Wear Performance of Plasma-Sprayed TiB2-Ni Coating Deposited from Agglomerated and Sintered Powder

This work is aimed at developing a route for the deposition of TiB₂-Ni cermet coating. The feedstock was firstly prepared by agglomeration and sintering, which was subsequently subjected to plasma spraying. The microstructures and the phase composition of the powder, as well as the sprayed coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The microhardness (Hv) and the fracture toughness (K _IC) of the coating were evaluated. A sliding wear test was also performed on the sprayed coating by SRV^® tribo-tester using GCr15 steel as a counterpart. The results showed that the phase of sprayed TiB₂-Ni coatings consisted of TiB₂, Ni, and Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆, whose amount varied depending on the powder calcination temperature and the TiB₂ content in the powder. Both the hardness and the fracture toughness of the coating were also changed with different powders. The Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆ brittle phase was the main factor affecting the fracture toughness of coating, which also had detrimental effect on the sliding wear performance. The 60TiB₂-40Ni coating deposited from the powder calcined at 1250 °C had better sliding wear performance as it presented more dense structure, higher TiB₂ content and less retained Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆ phase in the coating.     

Performance evaluation of laser surface alloyed hard nanostructured Al2O3-TiB2-TiN composite coatings with in-situ and ex-situ reinforcements

Hard and wear resistant Al₂O₃-TiB₂-TiN composite coatings have been developed on low carbon steel (AISI 1025) substrate by following two different routes involving laser surface treatment. In the first (termed ‘in-situ’ process), reinforcing phases TiB₂ and TiN, as well as the matrix Al₂O₃ of the composite are synthesized in-situ by laser-triggered self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) from a mixture of Al, TiO₂ and h-BN and coated onto the substrate surface by laser surface alloying (LSA). In the second (termed ‘ex-situ’ process), the constituents Al₂O₃, TiB₂ and TiN of the coating are provided directly as a pre-placed precursor powder mix and laser surface alloyed onto the substrate. Of these two laser assisted manufacturing procedures, it is of interest to determine the one that is more appropriate for the development of a hard, wear resistant coating. In the present work, investigation of the comparative merits and demerits of Al₂O₃-TiB₂-TiN coatings produced by in-situ and ex-situ processes is attempted through analysis of microstructure and evaluation of mechanical and tribological properties.     

不锈钢表面激光合金化Mn-Al2O3强化层的组织及性能

基于高速混合机桨叶所用奥氏体不锈钢的失效情况,利用激光合金化技术在奥氏体不锈钢上制备合金化强化耐磨层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和光学分析仪研究合金化层的显微组织、成分、物相、横截面的硬度分布,同时利用正交试验得到激光合金化技术的优化参数。结果表明:当硬质相Al2O3的含量为70%,激光功率为2 kW,扫描速度为15 mm/s时,合金化层的显微硬度最大,达到440.8 HV0.1;所制备的合金化层无裂纹和气孔等缺陷,与基体形成冶金结合;合金化层由枝晶和枝晶间共晶组成,其相组成为奥氏体、Al2O3、Cr7C3、Mn7C3和Mn2O3;合金化层的耐磨损性能较基体的显著提高。     

钛合金表面氩弧熔覆原位合成TiB2-TiN涂层组织及耐磨性能

以BN和Ni60A合金粉末为熔覆材料,采用氩弧熔覆技术在TCA合金表面原位合成TiB2-TiN增强颗粒耐磨涂层．利用x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层的组织和性能进行分析测试．结果表明,复合涂层的显微组织沿层深方向分为熔覆区、结合区和热影响区;熔覆层与基体呈良好冶金结合,TiB2-TiN颗粒弥散分布,...     

Tribological Properties of HVOF-Sprayed TiB<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NiCr Coatings with Agglomerated Feedstocks

Boride materials have drawn great attention in surface engineering field, owing to their high hardness and good wear resistance. In our previous work, a plasma-sprayed TiB₂-based cermet coating was deposited, but the coating toughness was significantly influenced by the formation of a brittle ternary phase (Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆) derived from the reaction between TiB₂ and metal binder. In order to suppress such a reaction occurred in the high-temperature spraying process, the high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying technique was applied to prepare the TiB₂-NiCr coating. Emphasis was paid on the microstructure, the mechanical properties, and the sliding wearing performance of the coating. The result showed that the HVOF-sprayed coating mainly consisted of hard ceramic particles including TiB₂, CrB, and the binder phase. No evidence of Ni₂₀Ti₃B₆ phase was found in the coating. The mechanical properties of HVOF-sprayed TiB₂-NiCr coating were comparable to the conventional Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating. The frictional coefficient of the TiB₂-NiCr coating was lower than the Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating when sliding against a bearing steel ball.     

Microstructure and properties of WC reinforced Ni-based composite coatings with Y2O3 addition on titanium alloy by laser cladding

ABSTRACT

In this study, WC reinforced Ni-based composite coatings with Y₂O₃ addition were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium substrate by laser cladding. The phases, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, microhardness tester and wear tester. The results showed that good metallurgical bonding was achieved between the composite coatings and substrate. The phases mainly were γ-Ni, TiC, TiB₂, Ni₃B, M₂₃C₆ and WC. Most of the WC was dissolved in small pieces of WC during the laser cladding process. The microhardness of the composite coatings was about 3 times that of the titanium substrate and the wear resistance of the composite coatings had a significant increase.     

电火花沉积Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层的组织及性能研究

目的提高H13模具钢的表面耐磨性,探索金属陶瓷涂层的应用。方法分别用Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷棒和纯镍棒作为电极,氩气为保护气体,在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层。使用X射线衍射仪对涂层的相组成进行了分析,并用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪观察涂层的微观结构和元素分布情况,采用显微硬度计和CSM球盘式摩擦计对涂层的显微硬度和不同载荷下的耐磨性进行测试。结果涂层表面为单脉冲沉积斑点堆积而成的溅射状形貌,Fe和Ti元素整体上呈现出分区富集的特征,强化层主要物相包括TiC(0.7)N(0.3)、Ni(17)W3、Ni-Cr-Co-Mo和Fe3Ni2。涂层截面组织均匀,缺陷较少,厚度约为31μm,Fe、Ti和Ni元素均在界面处发生扩散,形成了良好的冶金结合,过渡层与基体相互混合,呈现出机械式的咬合结构。涂层的显微硬度实测最高值达1420HV,约为基体的5.4倍。涂层具有比基体更低的摩擦系数,且30 min内的磨损质量损失仅为基体的1/2,涂层磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。结论在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备的Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层可提高其表面的硬度、耐磨性,且具有一定减摩性,可以起到延长模具寿命的作用。     

Study on the effect of laser post-treatment on the properties of nanostructured Al2O3-TiB2-TiN based coatings developed by combined SHS and laser surface alloying

A nanostructured, hard and wear resistant composite coating of Al2O3, TiB2 and TiN isformed on low carbon steel (AISI 1025) substrate by combined self-propagating high-temperaturesynthesis (SHS) and laser surface alloying (LSA). A precursor powder mixture of Al, TiO2 and hBNpreplaced on the substrate surface undergoes self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) atthe high temperatures induced by the incidence of laser. The products of SHS are subsequently laseralloyed onto the substrate to form the coating. The high power laser beam is again made to pass overthe coating with a view to remelt the coating top layer. This laser post-treatment causes distinct enhancements in microhardness and tribological performance by the modification of themicrostructure of top portion of the coating.     

Effect of h-BN addition on the properties of nanostructured Al2O3-TiB2-TiN based coatings developed by combined SHS and laser surface alloying

A hard coating was obtained on AISI1025 steel substrate by the action of a high power laser beam on a powder mixture of Al, TiO₂ and h-BN pre-placed on the substrate surface. The precursor powder mixture underwent self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) at the high temperatures induced by the incident laser. The products of SHS were subsequently laser alloyed onto the substrate, whereby, a hard, nanostructured coating was formed comprising of Al₂O₃, TiB₂ and TiN. Excess h-BN in the precursor resulted in the presence of free h-BN in the coating. Microhardness and coefficient of friction (with WC-Co as counterbody) of the coating were found to reduce with increase in h-BN content in the precursor. It was possible to develop a coating with a property combination of high hardness, low wear rate and low friction coefficient.