Ni-CuSn混合粉末选区激光烧结试验

通过对双组分Ni-CuSn混合粉末进行激光烧结试验,表明此组粉末体系成形机制是粉末半熔化状态下的液相烧结机制。详细讨论了激光工艺参数对成形机制及烧结质量的影响,结果表明,将激光功率和扫描速率控制在适宜的范围内,才可实现预期的成形机制,并获得较好的烧结质量。对烧结件显微组织分析表明,组分M和CuSn间存在较为明显的熔点差、及两者之间较高的固溶度,是保证液相烧结机制、获得较高烧结致密度的前提。     

多组分铜基金属粉末选择性激光烧结成形的工艺研究

对多组分铜基金属粉末(组分包括纯Cu,预合金CuSn和CuP)进行了选择性激光烧结试验,其成形机制为粉末部分熔化状态下的液相烧结机制.研究了激光功率、光斑直径、扫描速率、扫描间距、铺粉厚度等工艺参数对粉末激光烧结致密化的影响.为便于整体调控激光烧结过程,本文将各工艺参数综合为"能量体密度"这一个参数,结果表明,增加激光功率或减小扫描速率能增加液相生成量,且利于液相的铺展和流动,进而提高润湿性和烧结性;扫描速率越高,则越易引起"球化"现象.减小铺粉厚度有利于获得较好的层间结合,并提高烧结致密度;若铺粉厚度过小,会降低铺粉均匀性,进而有损层间结合性.减小扫描间距使烧结线从断续分布转变为较为平整的结合状态,进而提高烧结致密度.当能量体密度增至一临界值(约0.15 kJ/mm3)时,烧结致密度有显著提高;但若增至过高(大于0.30 kJ/mm3),烧结致密度则呈下降趋势.     

固态粉末的选择性激光烧结

本文阐述了固态粉末的选择激光烧结的各种方法，讨论了激光器及其加工参数对固体粉末烧结的影响。     

金属粉末直接激光烧结成形扫描过程的研究

对镍－铜混合粉末材料进行了激光烧结成形试验，结果表明：在一定的范围内，烧结伴的强度随激光功率的增加，扫描速度的下降而增加；烧结件的致密度，表面质量随扫描间距的缩小而明显提高。初步弄清了大功率激光直接烧结金属粉末的成形件质量和工艺参数之间的关系。     

激光选择性烧结金属粉末快速成形的研究

描述了激光选择性烧结金属粉末快速成形设备的粉末供给和铺平压实系统及动作，探讨了烧结过程参数对烧结质量的影响，粘结剂含量、孔隙率和缺陷尺寸与烧结件压缩强度之间的关系，并指出影响激光选择性烧结的重要因素是烧结粉末的特性、激光参数的设置等。     

激光烧结金属陶瓷成形探讨

利用激光直接成形出高质量的金属、陶瓷及金属陶瓷复合材料零件是激光选择性烧结的最终目标。本文对激光烧结成形金属以及陶瓷材料进行了探讨与分析,对其中出现的问题作了初步的分析。     

塑料粉末选择性激光烧结成型精度实验研究

采用正交方差分析法,对塑料粉末进行了烧结成型实验,实验发现,激光功率对烧结件密度的影响最大;而在对尺寸精度的影响上:对于X、Y平面方向,铺粉层厚的影响最大,在Z方向上,预热温度影响最大.通过对工艺参数影响规律的综合考虑,得到了激光烧结最佳工艺参数组合为,铺粉厚度0.15 mm,扫描速度1 600 mm/s,预热温度75 ℃,激光功率12 W.     

激光烧结成形金属材料及零件的进展

介绍了激光选区烧结金属材料及其零件快速成形的发展和应用现状，分析了激光选区烧结金属粉末成形零件过程中存在的问题及可能解决的途径。讨论了激光选区烧结金属材料的发展方向。     

激光微区烧结微成形技术研究

目前微小零部件的制造方法很多,激光微成形即为其中一种。介绍了在激光选区烧结技术的基础上,结合微成形特点开发的激光微区烧结成形技术。该技术可对金属粉末进行直接微区烧结成形,所成形的金属微型零件强度高,不需后续处理,大大节省了从原材料到最终实体的时间,并具有环境污染小、材料利用率高、成形速度快和效率高的特点。     

选择性激光烧结快速成形制件翘曲变形的研究

翘曲变形对选择性激光烧结(SLS)成形精度的影响很大.通过在HRPS-ⅢA型成型机上进行快速成型试验,找出产生翘曲变形的根本原因;得到了激光扫描速度和激光功率、粉末预热温度等工艺参数对翘曲变形的影响规律;并提出了减小翘曲变形的有效措施.     

Microstructural evolution during direct laser sintering of multi-component Cu-based metal powder

A multi-component Cu-based metal powder was chosen for direct laser sintering. The powder consists of a mixture of high-purity Cu powder, pre-alloyed CuSn and CuP powder. Liquid phase sintering with complete melting of the binder （CuSn） but non-melting of the cores of structural metal （Cu） proves to be a feasible mechanism for laser sintering of this powder system. The microstructural evolution of the sintered powder with variation of laser processing parameters was presented. High sintering activities and sound densification response were obtained by optimizing the laser powers and scan speeds. Using a high laser power accompanied by a high scan speed gives rise to baUing effect. At a high laser power with a slow scan speed the sintering mechanism may change into complete melting/solidification, which decreases the obtainable sintered density. The role of additive phosphorus in the laser sintering process is addressed. Phosphorus can act as a fluxing agent and has a preferential reaction with oxygen to form phosphatic slag, protecting the Cu particles from oxidation. The phosphatic slag shows a concentration along grain boundaries due to its light mass as well as the short thermal cycle of SLS.     

磷元素对铜基金属粉末选区激光烧结作用机理

对不同CuP含量的多组分铜基金属粉末(Cu-CuSn-CuP)进行了选区激光烧结实验。利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究了添加元素P对烧结致密度及显微组织的影响。研究表明:P元素能在烧结过程中充当脱氧剂而与Cu反应生成CuPO3;但当P过量时,则会因熔体过热倾向明显而加剧氧化;适量增加P元素能改善烧结件层间结合性;而P元素过量则会因生成过多磷渣而降低润湿性及致密度;P元素亦能充当稀释剂而降低熔体粘度及表面张力,从而改善烧结致密度及组织均匀性;但若P元素过量时,则会因熔体粘度过低而导致球化现象。实验结果证实,该组铜基金属粉末体系中CuP的最佳含量为15%。     

多组分铜基金属粉末选区激光烧结致密化机理

研究了选区激光烧结专用多组分铜基金属粉末(组分包括纯Cu,预合金CuSn,CuP)的烧结性能.结果表明,通过合理控制激光工艺参数(特别是激光功率和扫描速率),能顺利实现粉末烧结成形,且无明显的"球化"效应和翘曲变形.扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析证实,此组粉末体系的激光烧结是基于液相烧结机制,其中熔点较低的CuSn充当粘结金属,熔点较高的Cu充当结构金属;而添加元素P则起稀释剂的作用,能避免Cu颗粒表面氧化.研究了粉末体系中粘结金属含量对粉末烧结致密化和烧结件微观组织的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内粘结金属含量的提高有利于改善烧结致密度;但若粘结金属过量,则会因"球化"效应而降低致密度.     

Selective laser sintering of single-phase powder Cr-V tool steel

Presented is positive experience from selective laser sintering (SLS) of cylindrical steel specimens (3.0% C, 3.0% Cr, 1.0% Si, 12.0% V, Fe balance) 30 mm long and 5 mm in diameter by rapid prototyping. It was demonstrated that monolithic steel material could be successfully fabricated by this technology. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to study the microstructure, phase, and chemical composition of the source material and obtained specimens. Low-melting cementite-based eutectic was found to provide the liquid phase sintering of powder tool steel. The porosity of the green sintered specimens did not exceed 5%. The mean hardness value of sintered specimens was 825 HV.     

Microstructural evolution and sintering kinetics during spark plasma sintering of Fe and Al blended powder

The reaction diffusion between Fe and Al during spark plasma sintering (SPS) was studied. Microstructural evolution was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the sintering kinetics was disclosed. The main interphase of the SPS sample was Fe₂Al₅ at 773–873 K. Ball-milling enabled a large number of lattice defects and grain boundaries thus the reaction kinetics was accelerated, although the direct current can also promote those defects. After milling, the phase transformation kinetics was improved from 0.207 before mill to 4.56×10^?3. Besides, this work provided more details for the generation of Joule heating. The resistance offered to the electric path was considered to be the source of Joule heating, and particularly the resistance offered by the different contact interfaces of die, punch, graphite foil and the sample played a leading role for the generation of Joule heating during spark plasma sintering.     

添加微量纳米铁粉对铁基粉末烧结温度的影响

将添加0.5%纳米铁粉的铁基粗粉末通过强烈球磨混合压制成的样品,在600、650、700、750、800、850、920℃温度下进行烧结,保温20 min,通过TEM、SEM等手段观察样品的形貌变化.结果表明,添加纳米铁粉后试样烧结温度可降低260℃.其原因是高活性低熔点的纳米铁粉在粗铁粉末颗粒界面上的快速吸附、溶解和扩散造成的.     

Selective laser sintering mechanism of polymer-coated molybdenum powder

A type of polymer-coated molybdenum powder used in selective laser sintering technology was prepared by coating polymer on molybdenum particles and frozen grinding techniques, with the maximum particle diameter of 71 μm. The laser sintering experiments of polymer-coated molybdenum powder were conducted by using the self-developed selective laser sintering machine （HLRP-350I）. The method of microscopic analysis was used to investigate the dynamic laser sintering process of polymer-coated molybdenum powder. Based on the study, the laser sintering mechanisms of polymer-coated molybdenum powder were presented. It is found that the mechanism is viscous flow when the laser sintering temperature is between 100 ℃ and 160 ℃, which can be described by a two-sphere model; and the mechanism is melting/solidification when the temperature is above 160 ℃.     

包覆不锈钢粉末激光烧结深度的影响因素

制备一种用于激光烧结成形的包覆不锈钢粉末。应用数值模拟预测结合实际测量方法,研究激光功率、激光束扫描速度、预热温度及铺粉密度等参数对激光烧结深度的影响。结果表明,随着预热温度、铺粉密度与激光功率增加,烧结深度增加;随着扫描速度增加,烧结深度降低。但当扫描速度不超过2 mm/s时,烧结深度随扫描速度的增加反而增大。提出一种利用数值模拟预测结果进行激光烧结工艺参数选择的方法。