1Cr22Mn16N高氮钢的激光焊接Ⅲ.焊接热影响区组织和性能

利用热模拟技术，对高氮钢激光焊接热影响区（HAZ）的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明，高氮钢焊接热影响区组织为奥氏体和δ-铁素体。随着焊接冷却速度的增大，高氮钢粗晶区的显微硬度增大；随着焊接峰值温度降低，热影响区显微硬度逐渐减小。焊接热影响区显微硬度均高于母材，没有出现软化区。随着冷却速度的增大，热影响区粗晶区的冲击吸收功先上升然后降低，而整个热影响区出现了两处脆化区。     

1Cr22Mn16N高氮钢激光焊接——Ⅱ.焊缝组织与性能

为了研究高氮钢激光焊接接头焊缝区组织、性能特性,利用CO2激光对1Cr22Mn16N高氮钢进行了焊接,研究了焊接热输入和保护气体组成对焊缝组织、性能的影响.结果表明,高氮钢激光焊接焊缝组织均为奥氏体和少量的δ铁素体.当焊接热输入增大时,δ铁素体的尺寸显著增大.高氮钢激光焊接接头均没有出现软化区.随着热输入的减小,焊缝区的平均硬度升高;随着保护气体中氮气比例增大,焊缝区的硬度增加.当热输入减小时,焊缝韧性上升,而保护气体的组成对焊缝冲击吸收功的影响不大.     

焊后调质处理对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接头组织和硬度的影响

研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接头在经过调质处理后的组织和硬度.试验结果表明:该钢电子束焊接头的组织为典型的针状马氏体 残余奥氏体,HAZ(热影响区)为中温组织;经过870-890℃油淬 高温回火处理后,焊缝、热影响区及母材的组织主要为回火索氏体 少量铁素体.经调质处理后,焊缝金属的硬度有所降低,母材的硬度有所提高,而热影响区的硬度则变化不大.     

1Cr22Mn16N高氮钢激光焊接II.焊缝组织与性能

为了研究高氮钢激光焊接接头焊缝区组织、性能特性，利用CO2激光对1Cr22Mn16N高氮钢进行了焊接，研究了焊接热输入和保护气体组成对焊缝组织、性能的影响。结果表明，高氮钢激光焊接焊缝组织均为奥氏体和少量的占铁素体。当焊接热输入增大时，占铁素体的尺寸显著增大。高氮钢激光焊接接头均没有出现软化区。随着热输入的减小，焊缝区的平均硬度升高；随着保护气体中氮气比例增大，焊缝区的硬度增加。当热输入减小时，焊缝韧性上升，而保护气体的组成对焊缝冲击吸收功的影响不大。     

Q345B与20Mn23Al异种钢焊接接头显微组织及力学性能研究

为了改善变压器某些部件之间的连接问题，在生产中节省20Mn23Al的材料，降低成本，文中采用ER316L不锈钢焊丝进行Q345B/20Mn23Al异种材料CO₂气体保护焊，系统研究了焊接接头显微组织和力学性能。研究发现：焊缝主要为奥氏体和骨骼状的δ-铁素体，靠近Q345B钢侧的热影响区为粗大的珠光体和铁素体组织，而靠近20Mn23Al钢侧的热影响区为粗大的奥氏体；焊缝硬度最高，焊接热影响区(HAZ)次之，母材的最低，且20Mn23Al的硬度低于Q345B的；随着试验温度的降低，焊缝位置的冲击吸收功减小。     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢MIG焊接头的组织和性能

高氮钢焊接技术的研究是高氮钢研制和应用的关键技术之一.采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊方法对7 mm和14 mm厚的高氮钢进行了焊接,研究了焊接接头的组织和力学性能.研究结果表明,高氮钢MIG焊焊缝和热影响区的组织为奥氏体和少量的δ-铁素体,焊接接头强度与母材相当.7 mm厚板MIG焊焊接接头具有较好的韧性,而14 mm厚板热影响区韧性较低,其原因为经历多次焊接热循环导致敏化区的碳化物Cr23C6析出增多,致使韧性下降.     

中厚度高氮钢激光-MIG复合焊接头组织与性能研究

采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法,对20 mm厚的高氮奥氏体不锈钢板进行对接焊,分析了焊接接头的组织、硬度、力学性能及断口形貌。结果表明,复合焊接热影响区和焊缝组织均为奥氏体和少量δ-铁素体,热影响区较窄,软化区较小,硬度较为均匀;焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的93.8%,断裂于焊缝区,拉伸断口形貌为明显的韧窝状。     

金属的焊接性

20093043TC4钛合金高转速惯性摩擦焊接头组织及性能分析/赵红凯…//焊接.-2008(11):46~49采用高转速(3500~4300r/min)惯性摩擦焊方法焊接TC4钛合金,观察了不同焊接工艺条件下焊接接头的显微组织,讨论了高转速条件下惯性摩擦焊接接头组织的形成机理,分析了焊接接头的性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金惯性摩擦焊接头呈“V“形,焊缝区和热影响区的组织特征与低转速条件下的显微组织一致。焊缝组织沿径向变化,心部为细小的等轴晶,向外逐渐过渡为片状组织;焊缝区的硬度高于母材和热影响区;接头拉伸试样断裂于母材。图5表3参820093044高氮奥氏体不锈钢MIG焊接头的组织和性能/杜挽生…//焊接.-2008(12):25~29高氮钢焊接技术的研究是高氮钢研制和应用的关键技术之一。采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊方法对7mm和14mm厚的高氮钢进行了焊接,研究了焊接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明,高氮钢MIG焊焊缝和热影响区的组织为奥氏体和少量的δ-铁素体,焊接接头强度与母材相当。7mm厚板MIG焊焊接接头具有较好的韧性,而14mm厚板热影响区韧性较低,其原因为经历多次焊接热循环导致敏化区的碳化物Cr23C6...     

金属的焊接性

20093043TC4钛合金高转速惯性摩擦焊接头组织及性能分析/赵红凯…//焊接.-2008(11):46~49采用高转速(3500~4300r/min)惯性摩擦焊方法焊接TC4钛合金,观察了不同焊接工艺条件下焊接接头的显微组织,讨论了高转速条件下惯性摩擦焊接接头组织的形成机理,分析了焊接接头的性能。结果表明,TC4钛合金惯性摩擦焊接头呈"V"形,焊缝区和热影响区的组织特征与低转速条件下的显微组织一致。焊缝组织沿径向变化,心部为细小的等轴晶,向外逐渐过渡为片状组织;焊缝区的硬度高于母材和热影响区;接头拉伸试样断裂于母材。图5表3参820093044高氮奥氏体不锈钢MIG焊接头的组织和性能/杜挽生…//焊接.-2008(12):25~29高氮钢焊接技术的研究是高氮钢研制和应用的关键技术之一。采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊方法对7mm和14mm厚的高氮钢进行了焊接,研究了焊接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明,高氮钢MIG焊焊缝和热影响区的组织为奥氏体和少量的δ-铁素体,焊接接头强度与母材相当。7mm厚板MIG焊焊接接头具有较好的韧性,而14mm厚板热影响区韧性较低,其原因为经历多次焊接热循环导致敏化区的碳化物Cr23C6...     

V - N钢焊接粗晶区的组织和韧性研究

在不同焊接工艺下对V钢、V—N钢和V—Ti—N钢三种钢的焊接粗晶热影响区的组织和韧性进行了研究。利用Gleeble3500模拟粗晶区的焊接过程，将锻后试样重新加热到峰值温度1350℃后给以不同的热输入量并以相应的t8/5冷却速度进行冷却。结果表明热输入量高时容易得到粒状贝氏体和晶界上的侧板条铁素体组织。随着热输入的降低会出现大量的多边形铁素体和晶界铁素体，并且明显长大。对于含氮量较高的V—N钢来说，容易形成马氏体-奥氏体岛，这种组织降低了粗晶区的韧性。在高氮的情况下添加另一种微合金化元素Ti，钛可以提高HAZ的相变温度，使铁素体和贝氏体连续冷却转变曲线的鼻点左移，细化奥氏体晶粒，促进铁素体和贝氏体的形核，改善粗晶区的韧性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。