反应电火花沉积TiN/Ti复合涂层机理与性能

利用DZ-1400型电火花沉积/堆焊机,以工业纯钛TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气和反应气,在TCA钛合金表面上制备了TiN/Ti复合涂层.用SEM、XRD、AES等仪器对涂层、物相、微观结构、元素组成及界面行为进行分析,测定了涂层的显微硬度,利用自制磨损试验机对比了涂层与淬火回火65Mn的磨损性能.结果表明,TiN/Ti复合涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合,涂层主要由钛和反应合成的TiN、Ti2N相组成,组织致密、均匀、连续,涂层平均显微硬度可达1390HV0.1,约是基体硬度的6.3倍,涂层耐磨性良好.     

电火花沉积反应合成TiN增强金属基复合涂层

利用自制的电火花沉积充气密闭式保护装置和DZ-1400型电火花沉积机,以工业纯钛TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气和反应气,在45钢试件表面上电火花沉积反应合成制备了TiN增强金属基陶瓷复合涂层.利用X射线衍射仪测定了涂层的物相组成,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了涂层的显微组织结构,利用硬度仪测试了涂层的显微硬度,利用自制磨损试验装置对比了涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的耐磨性能.结果表明,涂层与基体结合致密,涂层主要由电极材料钛、原位自生的TiN和基体材料铁组成,涂层的平均显微硬度可达1 323 HV0.1,涂层具有较好的耐磨性.     

钛合金表面反应电火花沉积TiN/Ti复合涂层

利用自制的电火花沉积充气密闭式保护装置和DZ-1400型电火花沉积/堆焊机,以工业纯钛TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气和反应气,在TC4钛合金表面上反应电火花沉积制备了TiN/Ti复合涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子仪(XPS)分析了涂层的组织、物相和元素组成,利用显微硬度计测定了涂层的显微硬度,利用自制磨损试验装置对比涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的磨损性能.结果表明,涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合,涂层主要由钛和反应合成的TiN组成,涂层的平均显微硬度可达1 388 HV0.1,是基体硬度的6倍以上,涂层具有较好的耐磨性.

Abstract：

TiN/Ti composite coating was deposited on TC4 titanium alloy substrate with the self-made special gas-filled-closed electric-spark deposition device and electric-spark deposition machine modeled DZ-1400, the industry pure titanium (TA2) was used as electrode and the industry pure nitrogen gas as shielding and reacting atmosphere. The microstructures, interfacial behavior, phase and element in the coatings were investigated by scanning electronic microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photo spectrum. The microhardness of coatings was tested and its wear-resistance property was tested by the self-made abrasion machine and compared with Wi8Cr4V rapid steel treated by quenching. The results show that an excellent bonding between the coating and substrate is ensured by the strong metallurgical interface. The coatings are mainly composed of Ti and synthesized TiN. The highest microhardness of coating reaches to 1 388 HV0. 1, which is six times higher than that of the substrates. Wear resistance of the coatings is excellent.     

电火花沉积Ni基合金涂层的摩擦磨损特性

利用电火花沉积技术,在调质45钢表面制备了Ni基合金涂层,研究了涂层的组织结构及摩擦磨损特性.结果表明:涂层组织致密,与基体实现了良好的冶金结合;涂层的物相为γ-( Ni,Fe),M7C3,CrB,Ni3 Si.涂层的硬度为基体的2倍,而基体的磨损体积为涂层的3.6倍.涂层中硬质相的弥散强化及晶粒细化是涂层硬度及耐磨性...     

45钢表面电火花沉积Deloro 50工艺参数研究

利用DZ-4000 (Ⅲ)多功能表面强化机,以Deloro 50为电极,保护气体为工业氩气,在45钢试件表面沉积.利用基体上Deloro 50沉积层的厚度、硬度和截面形貌综合分析沉积时间、输出电压、频率和电容对沉积层的影响.结果表明,沉积时间6 min、沉积电压80 V、沉积电容150 μF、沉积频率3 500 Hz时、沉积层厚度为187.3 μm,硬度为HV 1 097,沉积层的综合性能较好.     

不同气氛下电火花沉积钛合金涂层的组织性能

分别在氮气、氩气和空气3种气氛下,在45钢上电火花沉积制备TC4钛合金涂层。利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS等对钛合金沉积层的微观形貌、组织结构进行分析;利用纳米力学探针仪测试对比沉积层的力学性能;采用CETR摩擦磨损仪测试涂层的耐磨性。结果表明:氮气下电火花沉积生成含TiN及少量TiO和TiO2的陶瓷增强层。氮气中制取的涂层微裂纹较明显,但几无坑蚀和微孔,表面形貌优于氩气和空气下的沉积层。纳米硬度高达15.18GPa,无需增加沉积层厚度,即可获得较高硬度和抗变形能力。其摩擦因数为0.41,磨损量为2.2mg,均远低于45钢,也低于空气和氩气下制备的普通的钛合金涂层,并且改善了钛合金涂层的粘着磨损。     

集束电极电火花合成沉积TiN涂层组织及耐磨性能

为满足提高铜合金表面耐磨性能的需求,提出了一种利用集束钛电极在QAl9-4铝青铜旋转工件表面电火花合成沉积TiN涂层的新方法,并进行了试验研究。结果表明：在铜合金表面制备出了均匀连续的TiN涂层;涂层表面由细化了的晶粒结构构成,组织致密;电极丝对涂层表面有较强的磨削涂覆作用,显著降低了涂层表面粗糙度值;涂层主要由TiN硬质相构成,厚度为85 μm左右,显微硬度可达890 HV_0.05,约为基体（185 HV_0.05）的4.8倍;涂层与基体间具有合金化冶金结合的过渡层;涂层表面摩擦因数为0.125~0.2,远小于基体（0.23~0.35）且波动性较小,磨损率约为基体的49.6%,具有更好的减摩耐磨特性。     

反应电火花沉积合成TiN金属基复合涂层

利用自制的反应电火花沉积合成系统，以TA2为电极，以工业纯氮为保护气，在45#钢基体试件表面上原位反应合成了TiN金属基陶瓷复合涂层。利用X射线仪测定了涂层的物相组成，利用显微镜观察分析了涂层断面形貌及组织，利用硬度仪测试了涂层的显微硬度，利用磨损试验机对比了涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的耐磨性能。结果表明：涂层的平均维氏硬度为13230MPa，涂层中TiN物相的平均晶粒大小为50nm，涂层具有较好的耐磨性。     

反应电火花沉积合成TiN金属基复合涂层

利用自制的反应电火花沉积合成系统,以TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气,在45应合成了TiN金属基陶瓷复合涂层.利用X射线仪测定了涂层的物相组成,利用显微镜观察分析了涂层断面形貌及组织,利用硬度仪测试了涂层的显微硬度,利用磨损试验机对比了涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的耐磨性能.结果表明:涂层的平均维氏硬度为13230 MPa,涂层中TiN物相的平均晶粒大小为50 nm,涂层具有较好的耐磨性.     

等离子体沉积TiN涂层的组织特性

本文研究了将ＴｉＣｌ４，Ｎ２，Ｈ２混合气体在钢和玻璃等基体表面进行等离子体辅助化学气相沉积的ＴｉＮ涂层。结果表明：ＴｉＮ涂层的密度和晶性受射频放电功率密度的影响；且Ｘ射线衍射显示，随着射频放电功率密度的增加耐增强薄膜的（２００）取向；用扫描电镜观察薄膜显示此时的ＴｉＮ薄膜的粒状组织更加致密。随着射频放电功率密度的增加，涂层显示微硬度增加到最大值后下降，这种影响可归结于薄膜中氮化物含量；当氯化物含量     

Research on depositing Ni45 alloy on titanium alloy surface by electrospark deposition

Taking Ni45 bar as electrode, a strengthened layer of thickness up to 50 μm was built up on BT20 titanium alloy matrix by means of electrospark deposition. Results of phase analysis by using of X-ray diffraction confirmed that the deposition layer was composed mostly of three phases, NiTi, NiTi2 and Ti. The surface microhardness of the deposition layer was up to 910 HV0.05, about 2.7 times as high as that of the matrix. The hardness at the cross-section of the entire deposition layer showed a gradient distribution. The effects of capacitance and deposition time on thickness of deposition layer were also studied, and results showed that with relatively low capacity and short deposition time the deposition layer without cracks can be obtained.     

电火花沉积法在铜电极表面制备TiB2/Ni涂层

为了提高镀锌钢板用点焊电极的使用寿命,在铜电极表面涂覆过渡层Ni后沉积了TiB2涂层。通过SEM和XRD分析了Ni和TiB2涂层的物相和微观结构,并测试了其显微硬度。结果表明：由于材料具有良好的塑性,预涂覆的Ni涂层结构致密无裂纹,与基体Cu无分层;而TiB2涂层内存在裂纹和孔洞。通过过渡层Ni将TiB2涂层和基体Cu粘结起来,获得了较理想的涂层。随着电火花放电电容和电压的增加,TiB2的氧化程度增强,Cu和Ni大量扩散进入涂层表面,使TiB2/Ni涂层的硬度降低。由于TiB2良好的导电和导热性能及高的硬度,TiB2/Ni涂层电极在点焊时的塑性变形降低,寿命比无涂层电极和TiC涂层电极得到了明显提高。     

Accelerated electrospark deposition and the wear behavior of coatings

Electrospark deposition (ESD) is a coating process that is featured by low heat input to the substrate. Low coating efficiency and other limitations influence its wider application. The present paper introduces newly designed ESD equipment, by which a higher coating rate can be reached. The relationship among coating thickness, surface roughness, and process parameters such as pulse energy, pulse frequency, and deposition time are presented. Electrospark deposition coating by the new equipment on AISI 1045 steel (with WC-8% Co as electrode) increases the wear resistance by 5 to 8 times. The micromechanism is investigated by scanning electron microscopy observation.     

点焊电极表面电火花沉积TiB_2涂层的特征

在CuCrZr电极表面通过电火花振动沉积制备了TiB_2功能涂层,测试了功能涂层的显微形貌、物相、硬度以及界面元素分布.试验表明,TiB_2涂层电极具有典型的电火花涂层结构,存在明显的元素互扩散,表明功能层与基体之间为冶金结合.但TiB_2涂层结构不致密,存在裂纹和孔洞,硬度较低.随着电火花电容和电压的增加.涂层的硬度降低.元素扩散和涂层氧化的加剧,是导致涂层硬度降低的主要原因.由于基体Cu的气化、脆性剥落和熔敷棒的切削作用,沉积TiB_2后基体质量反而降低.高电压下电火花沉积以及预涂敷Ni,都会导致基体质量降低更多.     

铝合金电火花沉积层的组织和抗空蚀性能

为了研究铝合金电火花沉积(ESD)的典型组织特征与抗空蚀修复应用的可行性,在ZL101铝合金表面制备了纯Al和Al-Si两种铝基合金ESD沉积涂层,并对所获涂层的典型显微组织和抗空蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,两种沉积涂层均表现为典型的多层结构.纯Al涂层以α相为主,显微硬度仅为约50 HV,内部缺陷较多.Al-Si涂层内缺陷则较少,Si相呈均匀的枝蔓状分布,其显微硬度较纯铝涂层高约75％.沉积材料中Si元素的加入能够改善沉积微过程中熔融液滴的流动性,从而减少缺陷的产生.4h空蚀测试表明:纯铝涂层的累积质量损失为137.8 mg,约为基体的189％,抗空蚀性能较差;而Al-Si沉积涂层则较好,累积质量损失仅约为基体的32％(23.6 mg).分析认为,更好的子层间结合质量和高强度枝蔓状Si相的均匀分布是Al-Si沉积涂层拥有较好抗空蚀性能的主要原因.     

Effects of process parameters on microstructure and wear resistance of TiN coatings deposited on TC11 titanium alloy by electrospark deposition

In the present study, the effects of process parameters (output voltage x, nitrogen flux l and specific strengthening time s) on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of TiN coatings prepared by electrospark deposition (ESD) were investigated systematically. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized for thickness (TOC), content of TiN (CON) and porosity (POC). A statistical model was developed to identify the significant factors affecting the microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings. The results show that the output voltage x and nitrogen flux l present significant effects on majority of the evaluation indexes such as TOC, friction coefficient (COF) and wear mass loss (I_d), while the specific strengthening time s has a significant effect on POC and a small effect on the other indexes. The optimal process parameters were obtained as follows: output voltage (x, 60 V), nitrogen flux (l, 15 L/min) and specific strengthening time (s, 3 min/cm²). The variation of wear mass loss (I_d) by the variation of the output voltage (x) and nitrogen flux (l) is attributed to the change of wear mechanisms of TiN coatings. The main wear mechanism of TiN coating prepared under optimal process parameters is micro-cutting wear accompanied by micro-fracture wear.     

氮电弧制备陶瓷表面层中TiN相形态及生长机制

利用氮电弧熔化纯钛基体表面,原位制备氮化钛（TiN）陶瓷表面层,研究陶瓷表面层的形成机理、TiN相的生长形态及其生长机制．结果表明,氮电弧熔化过程为非平衡快速冷却凝固过程,冷却速度可达10^2～10^3 K／s,表面层中TiN相的微观生长方式具有多样性．在熔池中过冷度较小的位置,TiN晶体为螺型位错侧面长大方式,而熔池...     

Interface behavior study of WC92-Co8 coating produced by electrospark deposition

ESD (electrospark deposition) is a promising process to produce hard and wear-resisting coatings on metallic substrates. In this paper microstructure and inteorucial characteristics of the WC92-Co8 coated on titanium and carbon steel are presented. A metallurgical bonding between the coating and substrate is obtained. The Ti element was found to distribute in WC92-Co8 at the metal pool, as well as the interface by diffusion. Some new phases were produced in the coating layer due to the chemical reaction during the ESD process. Experimental observation and thermodynamic analysis were utilized to study the mechanism of ESD.     

H13钢表面电火花沉积WC涂层

利用DZ-4000(Ⅲ)型电火花沉积/堆焊机,以WC为电极材料,采用氩气为保护气对H13钢基体进行了电火花表面强化.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等对沉积层的成分、组织、硬度和表面粗糙度进行了研究.结果表明,利用电火花沉积工艺可获得组织均匀、致密,且与基体呈冶金结合的沉积层,沉积层平均厚度约60μm.沉积层主要由Fe3W3C、(CrFe)7C3和W2C等相组成.沉积层的平均显微硬度为1321.4 HV0.05,约为基体硬度的3倍.