SnAgCu系无铅钎料合金力学性能及钎焊性能研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDX)及Instron电液伺服疲劳拉伸试验机,对SnAgCu系无铅钎料合金的力学性能和钎焊性能进行了研究.结果表明,适量的稀土元素Ce的添加显著地延长了Sn3Ag2.8Cu钎焊接头在室温下的蠕变断裂寿命,Sn3Ag2.8Cu-0.1Ce钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命超过Sn3Ag2.8Cu钎料的9倍;同时,使Sn3Ag2.8Cu合金的延伸性能也得到了显著改善,伸长率达到15.7%;Sn3Ag2.8Cu-0.1Ce与铜基板的扩散层厚度比Sn37Pb厚,但是比Sn3Ag2.8Cu薄.     

服役条件对内生颗粒增强复合钎料性能的影响

内生法制备复合钎料被认为是提高无铅钎料性能的有效途径.为了提高基体钎料的综合性能,试验采用内生均匀分布的Cu6Sn5颗粒作为增强相,以Sn-3.5Ag共晶钎料作为基体,制成内生Cu6Sn5颗粒增强的SnAg基复合钎料.研究了服役条件下内生Cu6Sn5颗粒增强复合钎料的显微组织和抗剪强度,对复合钎料钎焊接头的断裂方式及增强相的作用进行了分析.结果表明,随着再流及时效的进行,复合钎料内部Cu6Sn5颗粒的形貌及尺寸发生变化,进而影响复合钎料钎焊接头的抗剪强度.复合钎料钎焊接头的变形方式主要受滑移带控制,内生Cu6Sn5颗粒增强相可以起到阻碍滑移带扩展的作用.     

纳米Ag颗粒增强复合钎料蠕变性能的研究

制备纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料.研究不同温度载荷下复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命,并与Sn-0.7Cu基体钎料钎焊接头进行对比.此外,确定纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头在不同温度和应力水平下的应力指数和蠕变激活能,建立复合钎料钎焊接头的稳态蠕变本构方程.结果表明,在不同的温度和应力下,与Sn-0.7Cu钎料钎焊接头相比,纳米Ag颗粒增强的Sn-Cu基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命均有所提高,且具有更高的蠕变激活能,说明复合钎料钎焊接头具有更优的抗蠕变性能.     

金对Sn63Pb37共晶钎料性能的影响

Sn63Pb37共晶合金是一种应用很广泛的钎料,在其中加入2%、4%的Au,钎料的熔点改变不大,但可以提高其强度和延伸率,提高钎焊接头的剪切强度,钎料的电阻率随着Au含量的增加而增加.在Sn63Pb37共晶钎料中加入少量Au可以抑止钎焊时钎料对金和金基材料母材的过渡熔蚀.     

纳米银颗粒增强复合钎料的研究

研究了纳米银颗粒增强锡铅基复合钎料的物理性能、工艺性能、力学性能和蠕变性能。通过在Sn-37Pb中加入不同含量的纳米银颗粒，测定比较复合钎料的性能，从而选择最佳加入量。结果表明，φ(Ag)=3％的纳米银颗粒的复合钎料综合性能最好，与Sn-37Pb共晶钎料相比，所加入的纳米银颗粒对住错起到了钉扎作用，从而提高了钎焊接头的蠕变寿命，其断裂形貌特征为延性和脆性混合断裂。     

Sn-Zn钎料钎焊镁合金AZ31B接头的显微组织及力学性能

以Sn-Zn钎料对变形镁合金AZ31B进行了炉中钎焊,研究了变形镁合金AZ31B钎焊接头的微观结构与连接强度。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等仪器分析了钎焊接头的界面组织和钎缝物相,测试了钎焊接头的剪切强度与钎缝组织的显微硬度。结果表明,Sn-Zn钎料在钎焊过程中与母材AZ31B发生溶解与扩散作用,在钎缝中生成金属间化合物Mg2Sn和(β-Sn+Mg2Sn)共晶组织。钎焊接头中母材的显微硬度最低,Mg2Sn的显微硬度最高,钎焊搭接接头平均抗剪切强度达到48 MPa。钎焊搭接接头的主要断裂形式为沿晶脆性断裂,断裂主要发生在共晶组织和Mg2Sn相处。     

Ni对SnAgCuRE钎料及其钎焊接头性能的影响

以商用Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu为参照系,研究了Ni对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1 RE钎料合金及其钎焊接头性能的影响。研究结果表明,添加0.05%(质量分数)Ni能在不降低Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE钎料合金抗拉强度的同时显著提高其伸长率,是商用Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu的1.4倍;相应地钎焊接头的蠕变断裂寿命最长,为未添加Ni时的13.3倍,远高于现行商用Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu的,满足微电子连接高强韧高可靠性无铅钎料合金系的需求。     

应力对SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变性能的影响

采用搭接面积为1mm^2的单搭接钎焊接头，研究了恒定温度下，应力对纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料钎焊接头的蠕变寿命的影响。结果表明，纳米颗粒增强的SnPb基复合钎料的蠕变抗力优于传统SnPb钎料。同时钎焊接头的蠕变寿命随应力增加而降低，且应力对复合钎料钎焊接头蠕变寿命的影响较传统63Sn37Pb钎料明显。     

Sn57Bi（X）多元钎料与Sn58Bi钎料的微观组织及钎焊性能对比研究

文中主要研究了Sn57Bi0.5Cu0.5SbNiTi, Sn57Bi1Ag和Sn58Bi在金相组织、熔化特性、铺展率、界面反应、抗剪强度和蠕变特性上的差异,分析造成3种不同合金成分的无铅钎料性能差异的成因,寻求一种更好的多元合金来提升Sn58Bi共晶钎料的性能,实现对高成本Sn57Bi1Ag无铅钎料的有效替代。     

62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中Ag元素对AgCu/SnPbAg/CuBe焊缝性能的影响

分别采用62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料和63Sn37Pb共晶钎料焊接AgCu合金块和CuBe合金片进行试验,对比分析两种钎料形成的焊缝性能和显微组织结构,阐述了62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中Ag元素的存在对AgCu/SnPbAg/CuBe焊缝性能的影响机制.结果表明,62Sn36Pb2Ag钎料中的Ag元素对于润湿铺展状态的改...     

半导体激光工艺参数对Sn-Ag-Cu钎料润湿性影响分析

采用半导体激光软钎焊系统对Sn96Ag3．5Cu0．5钎料和Sn63Ph37钎料进行了润湿性对比试验研究，分析了激光输出功率对钎料润湿性的影响规律。结果表明，提高半导体激光的输出功率，在一定范围内能显著改善Sn96Ag3．5Cu0．5钎料和Sn63Ph37钎料的润湿性。根据钎料的合金成分及钎料膏中钎剂成分的不同，优化半导体激光钎焊工艺参数，可以达到最佳的钎焊效果。     

不同钎料对QFP焊点可靠性影响的有限元分析

采用有限元方法研究了不同钎料钎焊QFP器件焊点的可靠性.结果表明,焊点根部、焊趾部位以及引线和焊点交界处为应变集中区域.分析探讨了Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu,Sn9Zn,Sn63Pb37三种钎料的模拟结果,焊点的应变曲线图显示,Sn63Pb37钎料焊点的等效应变最大,Sn9Zn钎料居中,Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu焊点的等效应变最小,表明Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu替代Sn63Pb37作为微元器件组装的组装材料具有更好的焊点力学性能.通过分析QFP64和QFP208两种器件焊点应力曲线图可以看出,QFP208器件焊点的应力值小于QFP64器件焊点的应力值,从而具有更高的可靠性.     

RE对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu/Cu焊点性能的影响

利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和JSM-5610LV扫描电镜(SEM)研究RE含量对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu/Cu焊点界面区显微组织、剪切强度和蠕变断裂寿命的影响。结果表明:Sn2.5Ag0.7CuxRE焊点界面区金属间化合物由靠近钎料侧Cu6Sn5和靠近Cu基板侧Cu3Sn构成;添加微量RE可细化Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu焊点内钎料合金的显微组织和改善钎焊接头界面区金属间化合物的几何尺寸及形态;当RE添加量为0.1%时,焊点的剪切强度最高,蠕变断裂寿命最长。     

The influence of temperature on creep behavior of Cu particle enhanced SnPb based composite soldered joints

Creep property of solder alloys is one of the important factors to affect the reliability of soldered joints in SMT(surface mount technology). Particle-enhancement is a way to improve the properties of solder alloys and has caused much more attention than before. Temperatures applied to soldered joints are one of the primary factors of affecting creep properties of particle enhancement composite soldered joints. In this paper single shear lap creep specimens with a 1 mm2 cross-sectional area were fabricated using Cu particle enhancement 63Sn37Pb based composite soldered joints and 63Sn37Pb eutectic soldered joints to examine the influence of temperature on creep behavior of soldered joints. Results indicated that the creep resistance of soldered joints of Cu particle enhancement 63Sn37Pb based composite soldered joint was generally superior to that of the conventional 63Sn37Pb soldered joint. At the same time, creep rupture life of the composite soldered joint was declined with increasing temperature and drop faster than that of the conventional 63Sn37Pb eutectic soldered joint.     

63Sn37Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程的建立

采用高温蠕变测试装置，以简化的Dorn公式为基础．对63Sn37Pb微型单搭接钎焊接头蠕变应变进行了测试．确定了应力指数、蠕变激活能以及相关常数。建立了63Snd7Pb钎焊接头稳态蠕变本构方程，描述了稳态蠕变速率与应力和温度相关性。结果表明，钎焊接头应力指数和激活能均低于钎料本身的应力指数和激活能．说明钎料本身蠕变行为并不能完全代表钎焊接头的蠕变行为。     

无铅焊点及其内部金属间化合物的力学性能研究

采用纳米压痕技术对无铅焊点(Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu、Sn0.7Cu和Sn3.5Ag)及其内部界面金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC)的力学性能进行测试。根据实际工业工艺流程制备无铅焊点试样;利用接触刚度连续测量(CSM)技术对焊点及内部IMC层进行测试,得到IMC层及无铅焊点的弹性模量、硬度等力学性能参数,并根据载荷-位移曲线的保载阶段确定蠕变应力指数。结果表明,Sn0.7Cu的IMC层的弹性模量和蠕变应力指数为无铅焊点的2.03和6.73倍;对无铅焊点的可靠性评估中,将IMC层的影响考虑进去使得结果更为合理。     

Environmentally friendly solders 3-4 beyond Pb-based systems

Based on environmental considerations, global economic pressures, enacted by legislations in several countries, have warranted the elimination of lead from solders used in electronic applications.Sn3.5Ag, SnAgCu, and Sn0.7Cu have emerged among various lead-free candidates as the most promising solder alloys to be utilized in microelectronic industries.However, with the vast development and miniaturization of modern electronic packaging, new requirements such as superior service capabilities have been posed on lead-free solders.In order to improve the comprehensive property of the solder alloys, two possible approaches were adopted in the current research and new materials developed were patented.One approach was involved with the addition of alloying elements to make new ternary or quaternary solder alloys.Proper addition of rare earth element such as La and Ce have rendered solder alloys with improved mechanical properties, especially creep rupture lives of their joints.Another approach, the composite approach, was developed mainly to improve the service temperature capability of the solder alloys.Composite solders fabricated by mechanically incorporating various reinforcement particles to the solder paste have again exhibited enhanced properties without altering the existing processing characteristics.The recent progress and research efforts carried out on lead-free solder materials in Beijing University of Technology were reported.The effects of rare earth addition on the microstructure, processing properties, and mechanical properties were presented.The behaviors of various Sn-3.5Ag based composite solders were also explicated in terms of the roles of reinforcement particles on intermetallic growth, steady-state creep rate, the onset of tertiary creep, as well as the overall creep deformation in the solder joints.Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of the solder alloys and composite solders were investigated with different parameters such as ramp rate, dwell time, etc.The damage accumulation features and residual mechanical properties of the thermomechanically-fatigued composite solder joints were compared with non-composite solder joints.To match the lead-free alloys, various types of water soluble no-clean soldering flux have also been developed and their properties were presented.     

片式电容Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5焊点热疲劳性能比较

以0805封装片式电容器件焊点为研究对象,建立了多周期温度冲击下Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5的焊点有限元分析模型,开展了多周期温度冲击条件下焊点剪切力测试工作,获得了Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5和Sn63/Pb37两种焊点的周期-剪切力测试数据,并利用非线性最小二乘法得到了1 500个周期内的焊点热疲劳状态拟合曲线.结果表明,在规定试验条件下,在有限的1 500个周期内0805封装电容的Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5焊点的热疲劳劣化速率略慢于Sn63/Pb37焊点.     

电子互连无铅钎料及焊点蠕变行为研究进展

针对近年来无铅钎料及焊点的蠕变失效问题,综合评述了蠕变变形行为及其在焊点可靠性评估中的应用。首先系统地介绍无铅钎料的蠕变行为,探讨含合金元素/颗粒无铅钎料蠕变性能改性机制。其次评述焊点蠕变行为,探讨焊点成分以及不同基板材料对焊点蠕变特性影响的研究进展。再次结合具体电子器件,采用有限元模拟,分析基于有限元的焊点蠕变响应及疲劳寿命预测,评估焊点可靠性。最后针对无铅钎料及焊点蠕变行为的未来发展进行展望,分析其研究中存在的问题及解决办法,为焊点可靠性进一步研究提供理论支撑。