TA15钛合金潜弧焊焊接接头疲劳损伤研究

本文对TA15钛合金潜弧焊焊接接头性能进行了研究,结果表明,TA15钛合金潜弧焊焊缝晶粒粗大,热影响区晶粒尺寸过渡明显,焊缝与热影响区界限不明显.焊接件的疲劳试验结果表明,潜弧焊焊接接头的疲劳性能较母材有较大的下降,距焊缝中心线距离为6mm～14mm的焊接区域是焊接接头的薄弱部位,疲劳裂纹大多萌生于此区域.     

多次热处理对TA15钛合金电子束焊接头组织和性能的影响

通过对TA15钛合金薄板电子束焊接头进行多次热处理试验研究,分析了不同热处理制度对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,多次热处理工艺对钛合金板材电子束焊接头抗拉强度和屈服强度影响不大,断后伸长率和断面收缩率稍微有些下降。对母材、热影响区、焊缝的微观组织影响不大。     

TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳断口研究

采用单边缺口试样,用扫描电镜观察了TC4-DT钛合金母材及电子束焊接接头焊缝区与热影响区的疲劳断口,分别分析了疲劳裂纹起裂源、扩展区及瞬断区的断口形貌特征.结果表明,疲劳裂纹均起裂于试样缺口根部,并由试样的一侧扩展到另一侧,裂纹扩展初期均沿一定的结晶面扩展,属于脆性穿晶断裂;母材和热影响区的瞬断部位均有明显的韧窝出现,属于塑性沿晶断裂,而焊缝区断口上韧窝不明显;热影响区疲劳断口有疲劳条带出现,但在母材和焊缝区断口上很难看见.     

60mm厚TC4钛合金电子束焊接头疲劳性能

针对大厚度钛合金在海洋领域的应用,开展了60 mm厚TC4钛合金电子束焊接(EBW)接头疲劳性能的研究. 对EBW接头和母材的疲劳性能进行测试,分析接头疲劳性能的均匀性,绘制S-N曲线对比分析母材与接头的疲劳性能,并采用扫描电镜观察疲劳试样断口以解明断裂路径. 结果表明,EBW接头疲劳性能测试断裂多发生在母材,少数断裂在热影响区,接头疲劳性能沿熔深方向由上至下逐步降低,电子束焊接接头比母材高出10%,接头疲劳试验断口可分为疲劳源区、裂纹稳定扩展区和瞬断区3个典型区域,裂纹起源于试件表面边缘处.     

TC11钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳性能

采用天津大学自行研制的TJU-HJ-I型超声疲劳试验系统研究了TC11钛合金电子束焊焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能. 试验结果表明,TC11钛合金电子束焊接接头在107周次以上仍然会发生疲劳失效,S-N曲线呈现连续下降的趋势,没有明显的转折. 试件的断裂位置大多数为母材处,焊缝和热影响区的疲劳性能要比母材好,这与焊接接头的微观组织有关. 通过SEM对超声疲劳断口形貌进行观察发现,断裂试件的疲劳裂纹大部分在表面萌生,然而在应力范围较低时,疲劳裂纹的萌生位置有从表面转向次表面的趋势.     

TA15钛合金薄板激光-TIG复合焊接头疲劳性能研究

针对复合热源焊接在钛合金航空结构件的应用,开展了2.5 mm厚TA15钛合金薄板激光-TIG电弧复合热源对接结构焊接试验。并对TIG焊接头、复合热源焊接接头和母材进行了疲劳测试分析,分别计算各自在不同应力水平下的中值疲劳寿命,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合热源焊接接头疲劳试样断口进行观察以了解断裂路径。结果表明:复合热源焊接接头疲劳断裂发生在热影响区,复合热源焊接接头疲劳寿命大于TIG焊接头,在560、672、784、896 MPa应力水平下时复合热源接头疲劳寿命分别为母材的91.5%、90.6%、82.7%、84%。。断口由疲劳源区、裂纹稳定扩展区和瞬断区组成,起裂源位于试件表面。     

镍基高温合金电子束焊接接头疲劳性能

对GH4169高温合金板材电子束焊接试样进行了金相分析和高、低周疲劳试验,分析GH4169合金的高、低周疲劳性能及疲劳断口形貌.结果表明,GH4169合金电子束焊接接头焊缝区的特点是树枝晶比较明显,为比较发达的树枝晶和明显的二次枝晶.在较高放大倍数下发现,母材和热影响区也为树枝晶结构.接头低周疲劳性能不低于母材,随应变幅降低,相同应变幅下焊接接头疲劳寿命变得略高于母材.接头高周中值疲劳强度比母材高约80 MPa.     

TC4-DT电子束焊接头显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在光学显微镜下对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接头显微组织进行了分析,讨论了接头不同位置显微组织特征.比较了疲劳裂纹始于焊接接头不同位置时的宏观裂纹扩展路径及裂纹扩展速率,依据焊接接头显微组织特点讨论了显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,电子束焊接头沿熔深方向显微组织存在一定的差异;文中条件下,与母材区相比焊缝熔合区及热影响区具有较高的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,导致裂纹扩展路径逐步偏向母材区,最后讨论了裂纹扩展路径的偏折对裂纹扩展速率的影响.     

TA5钛合金焊板的疲劳断口分析

用扫描电镜对TA5钛合金焊接板件不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验后的试样断口进行了分析.结果表明,基材、焊缝区及热影响区试样的断口形貌宏观上由众多小面组成;微观下,小面上有典型的疲劳辉纹.焊缝区和热影响区试样的辉纹间距较基体区的大,说明裂纹扩展速率快,焊缝和热影响区的抗裂纹扩展性较基体差.     

TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能分析

在相同热处理制度下,开展了TA15钛合金母材与TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能试验,并对疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析. 结果表明,从S-N曲线低应力区到高应力区,焊缝针状组织的疲劳强度高于母材双态组织,随着应力的增大,两种组织的疲劳强度差异逐渐缩小;接头针状组织的疲劳极限(463 MPa)高于母材双态组织(423 MPa). 断口分析结果表明,TA15母材的疲劳断口相对较平,扩展区二次裂纹较少,而线性摩擦焊接头中存在较多的二次裂纹,降低了裂纹扩展速度,说明针状组织的疲劳性能优于双态组织.     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

Fatigue crack initiation for Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint

To investigate fatigue crack initiation characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint, notched specimens were used in fatigue test for the base metal, welding bead and heat affected zone (HAZ). The fatigue fracture surface near the fatigue crack initiation site was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the differences of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, welding bead and HAZ are not obvious. Inhomogeneity in microstructure and mechanical performance of HAZ influences the fatigue crack initiation life. The ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue failure life (Nf) for the base metal, welding bead and HAZ of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint are 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67%, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation life can be predicted using a uniform model. Observation of fatigue fracture surfaces shows that for the welding bead a fatigue crack initiates from the smooth surface due to the welding process, the blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack and the crushed second phase particles play an important role in fatigue crack initiation for the base metal.     

AZ31B镁合金及其焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理

对AZ31B镁合金进行疲劳实验,在2×106循环次数下,母材、对接接头、横向十字接头和侧面连接接头的疲劳强度分别为66.72,39.00,24.38和24.40MPa。采用光学显微镜对裂纹扩展特征进行分析,结果表明,AZ31B母材的疲劳裂纹宏观扩展路径平滑,但微观观察发现疲劳裂纹扩展方向曲弯,有些裂纹分成两岔;裂纹尖端扩展均为沿晶扩展。焊接接头裂纹均在焊趾部位起裂,对接接头和横线十字接头的裂纹沿着热影响区扩展;侧面连接接头的裂纹起裂位于焊脚部位。采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断裂机理进行分析。疲劳断口由准解理或解理台阶组成,均为脆性断裂,断口中存在二次裂纹,对接接头中存在疲劳条纹,其间距约为5μm。     

ON FATIGUE CRACK PATH DEVIATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE IN ELECTRON BEAM REPAIRED WELDMENTS OF TURBINE DISK

Fatigue crack growth behaviors in electron beam weldments of a nickel-base superalloy are. studied. The objective of this paper is to discuss effects of the inhomogeneity of mechanical performance on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate and crack path deviation (CPD). The base metal served in a turbine disk of aerospace engine was selected to fabricate bead-on-plate weldments by using electron beam welding. Some wedge-type opening loading specimens, notched in three different zone of weld metal, HAZ and base metal, were employed and performed fatigue crack growth tests at 650℃. The results show that the fatigue crack growth of electron beam welded joints is instable due to the influence of mechanical heterogeneities. Owing to the crack deviation at the weld metal and heat-affected-zone (HAZ), the effective growth driving force at the tip of fatigue crack was reduced with the reduction of the effective stress intensity factor (SIF) which finally causes fatigue crack rate decrease. Fatigue crack was strongly affected by size and the symmetrical characteristics of the plastic zone at the crack tip, which means that the integrity of the welded structure containing the fatigue crack mainly depended on the toughness of the low strenqth zone.     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的不均匀特性

以A7N01铝合金焊接接头为分析对象,通过金相试验、显微硬度试验、拉伸试验和缺口疲劳试验分析了焊接接头微区的不均匀性．结果表明,A7N01铝合金焊接接头母材、焊缝、热影响区内的组织和硬度差别较大,焊缝硬度最低约为HV75,母材焊缝最高约为HVI10,热影响区内硬度变化较大．母材的屈服强度和抗拉强度高于焊缝和热影响区．而热影响区的断后伸长率最高．三个区域内疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小,裂纹萌生寿命与总寿命之比近似为常数,疲劳总寿命差别明显,母材的疲劳总寿命最长,焊缝疲劳总寿命最短．     

Fatigue properties of ferrite/bainite dual-phase X80 pipeline steel welded joints

Fatigue properties are important parameters for the safety design and security evaluation of pipelines. In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation of full-thickness X80 pipeline steel joints compared with the base metal (BM) was investigated. Full-thickness BM specimens showed superior fatigue life compared with that of welded joints. The fatigue crack initiation of full-thickness X80 welded joint specimens occurred at the outside weld toe and then grew inward until a fracture was formed. During fatigue crack growth in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), crack growth rate linearly increased with increased ΔK in each HAZ subregion. However, the change rate of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) differed among HAZ subregions. This difference was related to the variation in crack path and fracture mode because of the possible microstructural sensitivity of fatigue crack propagation behaviour.     

A6N01-T5合金FSW和MIG焊接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为的对比

研究了6N01-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和氩弧焊(MIG)接头不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展性能, 并对疲劳断口和接头组织进行了分析. 结果表明,对于FSW和MIG焊接头, 其裂纹扩展速率从高到低的部位依次为焊缝(核)区、热影响区和母材. 裂纹在FSW和MIG焊接头相同区域的扩展速率无明显差别, 然而裂纹在FSW接头细晶组织中开始扩展所需的门槛值ΔK要比对应的MIG焊接头高, 总体上其裂纹在FSW焊核区的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能要优于对应的MIG焊缝区. 裂纹在FSW和MIG焊接头焊核(缝)区扩展的疲劳断口表现为脆性断裂, 而在热影响区则以规则和光滑的疲劳条纹形式扩展.     

Fatigue crack growth under a constant amplitude loading of Al-6061-T6 welds obtained by modified indirect electric arc technique

Abstract

The characteristics of the fatigue crack growth in the base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) were quantified by testing compact type specimens of 6061-T6 welds obtained by the modified indirect electric arc technique. The fatigue crack growth depends on the microstructure imposed by the welding thermal cycle and it was observed that in the HAZ the crack growth rate is lower than that in the weld metal, but higher than that in the base metal. Microhardness maps revealed that this behaviour is due to the formation of a larger plastic zone around of the crack tip produced by loss of hardening. A comparison of fatigue crack growth of weld metal and HAZ for modified indirect electric arc and friction stir welding shows that the weld metal produced by friction stir welding exhibits better resistance to crack propagation, but both processes behaved similarly in the HAZ.     

基于原位SEM的激光-MIG复合焊接7075-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为

通过扫描电镜原位观察激光复合焊接头各区裂纹的扩展行为. 结果表明,焊缝各区组织的不同使得疲劳裂纹扩展行为发生明显改变,疲劳裂纹位于焊缝中心时,裂纹总体沿着垂直于载荷主轴的方向扩展;疲劳裂纹位于热影响区时,裂纹大致成"Z"字型路径进行扩展;疲劳裂纹在焊缝中心和热影响区扩展时都存在二次裂纹;疲劳裂纹在母材区扩展时,呈现出单一和典型的裂纹扩展模式. 此外,通过原位SEM观察获得不同循环周期下的裂纹扩展长度,进而推算得到7075-T6铝合金接头各区内疲劳裂纹扩展速率的Paris公式.