Sn-9Zn-xAl无铅钎料润湿性能

采用润湿平衡法测试了不同温度下Sn-9Zn-xAl无铅钎料在空气和氮气两种气氛下的润湿性能,研究探索了合金元素Al的添加量、气氛和温度对Sn-9Zn-xAl无铅钎料润湿性能的影响规律.结果表明,添加Al元素以后,Sn-Zn-xAl无铅钎料的润湿性得到明显改善,在使用ZnCl2-NH4Cl助焊剂时,Al的最佳添加量为0.02%(质量分数),在使用免清洗助焊剂时,Al的最佳添加量为0.005%(质量分数);采用氮气保护时,Cu基板表面张力提高,钎料的氧化减少、表面张力降低,明显改善了钎料在Cu基板上的润湿性能;在215～245℃时,温度升高使钎料的表面张力减小,提高了钎料的润湿性能.     

合金元素对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料性能的影响

为了改善Sn-Zn系无铅钎料的综合性能,通过合金化的方法,运用正交试验法,研究了Bi、Ag、Al元素对Sn-9Zn系无铅钎料的润湿性能、抗剪强度以及熔点的影响.结果表明,钎料的润湿性随着Bi元素含量的增加而得到改善,钎料的剪切强度随着Ag元素含量的增多,先提高后降低,综合分析Sn-9zn-4 Bi-0.5Ag-0.05...     

复合添加Ga,Al,Ag对Sn-9Zn钎料性能的影响

采用润湿平衡法研究了合金元素Ga,Al,Ag复合添加对Sn-9Zn钎料润湿性的影响.结果表明,Ga,Al,Ag的最佳添加量分别为0.2,0.002,0.25(质量分数,%);添加合金元素后钎料的高温抗氧化性能显著提高.俄歇电子能谱分析表明,Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料表面Al高度富集并形成一层致密的氧化膜,可阻挡氧向液态钎料内部扩散,减少钎料的氧化.Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料与Cu/Ni/Au基板之间的金属间化合物由一层平坦的AuZn3和颗粒状的AuAgZn2化合物组成.另外,微焊点力学试验表明,采用Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料时,电子元器件与基板间微焊点的力学性能比Sn-9Zn钎料略有提高.     

合金元素Ga对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

研究了合金元素Ga的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料熔化特性、润湿性能及其焊点力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加合金元素Ga以后,合金的熔点显著降低,熔化温度区间有所增大,润湿性能得到明显改善;合金元素Ga的添加量(质量分数)在0.5%时,钎料的晶粒组织最为细小均匀,钎料焊点的力学性能最佳;当合金元素Ga的添加量大于1%时,钎料的润湿性能趋于稳定,钎料组织中晶界处出现黑色富Ga相,钎料焊点的力学性能大幅度降低.因此,Sn-9Zn无铅钎料中合金元素Ga的最佳添加量为0.5%.     

Sn-Zn系无铅钎料的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了Sn-Zn系无铅钎料的研究及应用现状,阐述了为改善Sn-Zn无铅系钎料存在的不足之处,添加各种合金元素或微量元素如Bi,Ag,In,Ga,Al,RE等元素后,对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料钎焊性能、力学性能的影响以及Sn-Zn系无铅钎料界面反应及界面金属间化合物(IMC)的研究现状.简要综述了国内外有关Sn-Zn系无铅钎料专用助焊剂的研究状况,对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料今后的研究、改进及应用方面的前景和发展方向进行了分析与预测.     

Sn-9Zn-xAg无铅钎料润湿性能及焊点力学性能

研究了合金元素Ag的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料润湿性能及其焊点力学性能的影响.结果表明,当Ag元素的添加量(质量分数)为0.3%时,钎料具有最好的润湿性能,焊点的力学性能最佳,焊接接头的断口形貌显示钎料与铜基板接头断口处有明显的韧窝,是典型的韧性断裂;当Ag元素的添加量(质量分数)为0.5%～1.0%时,钎料的润湿性能下降,当Ag元素的添加量(质量分数)增加到1.0%时,焊点的力学性能有所下降,在断口的韧窝底部有大颗的Cu-Zn,Ag-Zn金属间化合物.因此,Sn-9Zn无铅钎料中合金元素Ag的最佳添加量(质量分数)为0.3%.     

Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-xSb无铅钎料润湿性

研究了微量Sb元素对Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料润湿性的影响,采用润湿平衡法探讨了Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-xSb钎料在不同氛围和不同钎剂条件下的润湿性能.结果表明,微量的Sb元素可以显著提高Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料润湿性.在氮气氛围条件下,Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-xSb钎料的润湿性得到显著改善,主要基于氮气氛围减小熔融钎料的氧化.辅助不同的钎剂,钎料的润湿性差异较大,选择合适的钎剂可以明显提高Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-xSb钎料的润湿性.     

Ag、RE对Sn-Ag-Cu-RE无铅钎料润湿性的影响

采用商用水洗钎剂,以铺展面积和润湿角来表征钎料的润湿性能,研究了Ag、RE对Sn-Ag-Cu-RE系无铅钎料润湿性的影响。结果表明,添加微量RE有助于提高其润湿性。在无铅钎料中Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.1RE钎料具有良好的润湿特性,其在铜板上润湿性接近Sn-Pb钎料的水平。     

不同钎剂对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料润湿特性的影响

采用润湿平衡法研究了在znC12一NH4C1、中等活性松香(RMA)和免清洗三种不同钎剂作用下,Sn-Zn无铅钎料在Cu基板上的润湿特点.结果表明,使用ZnC12-NH4C1钎剂时,Sn-Zn钎料具有良好的润湿性能;研究了不同钎剂下,Sn-9Zn钎料在Cu基板上的铺展情况,并分析比较了焊点界面金属间化合物层的特征.Sn-Zn钎料与Cu基板界面形成的金属间化合物在靠近Cu基板一侧较为平坦,而在钎料一侧呈扇贝状,而且,不同钎剂能影响钎料在Cu基板上的润湿、铺展性能,界面金属间化合物特征及焊点外观;Sn-Zn钎料表面存在大量ZnO,去除钎料表面ZnO是开发针对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料专用钎剂的关键.     

Ag、RE对Sn-Ag-Cu-RE无铅钎料润湿性的影响

采用商用水洗钎剂，以铺展面积和润湿角来表征钎料的润湿性能，研究了Ag、RE对Sn-Ag-Cu-RE系无铅钎料润湿性的影响。结果表明，添加微量RE有助于提高其润湿性。在无铅钎料中Sn-2．5Ag-0．7Cu-0．1RE钎料具有良好的润湿特性，其在铜板上润湿性接近Sn-Pb钎料的水平。     

Effects of Ga,Al, Ag,and Ce multi-additions on the wetting characteristics of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder

An orthogonal method was used to evaluate the effects of Ga, Al, Ag, and Ce multi-additions on the wetting characteristics of Sn-9Zn lead-free solders by wetting balance method. The results show that the optimal loading of Ga, Al, Ag, and Ce was 0.2 wt.%, 0.002 wt.%, 0.25 wt.%, and 0.15 wt.%, respectively. Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the interface between Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag-0.15Ce solder and Cu substrate were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The SEM images illustrate that the IMCs can be divided into two portions from the substrate side to the solder side: a planar Cu₅Zn₈ layer and an additional continuous scallop-like AgZn₃ layer. The EDS analysis also shows that Ga segregates in the solder abutting upon the interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) of the surface components of Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag-0.15Ce solder indicate that Al aggregates at the surface in the form of Al₂O₃ protective film, which prevents the further oxidation of the solder surface. On the other hand, Ce aggregates at the subsurface, which may reduce the surface tension of the solder and improve the wettability in consequence.     

N2对Sn-Ag-Cu钎料与元器件引线无铅镀层润湿性的影响

以Sn-3．5Ag-0．5Cu钎料主要研究对象，配合免清洗助焊剂，基于润湿平衡原理测量了钎料对Sn、Sn—Cu、Sn—Bi三种镀层的润湿特性，研究了五种温度、三种镀层、两种气氛条件对润湿行为的影响。结果表明，空气气氛下，温度较低时Sn-Bi镀层的润湿性能相对较好，温度较高时三种镀层的润湿性相当；采用氮气保护后可明显改善钎料润湿性，润湿时间缩短22％-40％，同一温度下的三种镀层的润湿性能相当。     

Effects of Al, Ga, and Ag on the anti-oxidation and wetting reactions of Sn-9Zn-X solders

The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-g Zn lead-flee solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ca might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-gZn-O. O05Al and Sn-gZn-O. 3C, a alloys. The addition of Ca reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0.3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.     

Effect of Ga on the Oxidation Properties of Sn–8.5Zn–0.5Ag–0.1Al–xGa Solders

The oxidation properties of Sn–8.5Zn–0.5Ag–0.1Al–xGa lead-free solders in the liquid state (250?°C) under O₂ atmosphere were investigated using a thermal gravimetric analyzer. The Ga content of the investigated solders was 0.05–2?wt%. The results indicate that Ga enhances the oxidation resistance of Sn–Zn–Ag–Al solder. Cross-sections of the solder surfaces were examined using focus ion beam milling. The thickness of the oxidation layer, which was about 30–100?nm, increased with increasing Ga content. The oxidation layer was found to be nonuniform at low Ga content. The oxide layers on the surface of solders were investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy and thin-film XRD. The results showed that the oxide layer formed was ZnO. Al and Ga tended to segregate on the surface of the solder.     

Bi对Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料熔点及润湿性能的影响

研究了添加适量的Bi元素对低银型Sn-0．3Ag-0．7Cu无铅钎料合金性能的影响,应用差示扫描量热仪和SAT-5100型润湿平衡仪对Sn-0．3Ag-0．7Cu·xBi（x=0.1,3,4．5）钎料的熔点、润湿性能作了对比试验分析。结果表明,一定量Bi元素的加入可以降低Sn-0．3Ag-0．7Cu钎料合金的熔点,并改善其润湿性能。但过多的Bi元素会导致钎料的液固相线温度差增大,塑性下降,造成焊点剥离缺陷。综合考虑得到Sn-0．3Ag-0．7Cu-3．0Bi无铅钎料具有最佳的综合性能。     

Property alterations of Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge lead-free solder by Ag,Bi, In and Sb addition

The Sn-Cu-Ni-Ge solder is a strong challenger to the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solders as a replacement for the Sn-Pb eutectic solder. This research investigated the effects of addition of Ag, Bi, In, and Sb on the physical properties of the Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge (SCNG) lead-free solder and the interfacial reaction with the Cu substrate. The melting behavior, microstructure, tensile strength, and wettability of the SCNG–x (x=Ag, Bi, In, Sb) solders were examined. The findings revealed that the introduction of Ag, Bi, In, and Sb minimally altered the solidus temperature, liquidus temperature, and tensile strength of the solder. However, the cooling behavior and solidified microstructure of the solder were affected by the concentration of the alloying elements. The wettability of the SCNG solder was improved with the doping of the alloying elements except Sb. The thickness of intermetallic layer was increased by the addition of the alloying elements and was related to the cooling behavior of the solder. The morphology of intermetallic layer between the SCNG–x solders and the Cu substrate was different from that of the typical SAC solders. In conclusion, alloying the SCNG solder with Ag, Bi, In or Sb is able to improve particular properties of the solder.