不同钎料钎焊K465高温合金接头的组织和性能

分别采用一种镍基活性钎料和Co45NiCrWB钴基钎料,在1 220℃下对镍基铸造高温合金K465进行了钎焊试验.结果表明,这两种钎料均可实现K465合金的钎焊.镍基活性钎料钎焊接头室温拉伸强度为862 Mpa,975℃持久强度基本达到母材性能指标的40%;Co45NiCrWB钎料钎焊接头室温拉伸强度为714 Mpa,975℃持久强度超过母材性能指标的40%,并可达到母材性能指标的50%.     

K447A镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织及性能

采用Co45NiCrWB和B-Ni54NbCoWCrS两种钎料对K447A镍基铸造高温合金进行了高温真空钎焊试验并做了后续热处理。结果表明,两种钎料钎焊接头致密完整,性能良好;钎焊接头的高温拉伸性能均都达到母材强度的60%以上;Co45NiCrWB钎料钎焊接头的高温持久性能要远好于B-Ni54NbCoWCrS钎料钎焊接头的高温持久性能。     

焊接材料及其生产设备

D550R系列焊条的焊接电参数分析;新一代运载火箭2219铝合金配用焊丝研制;BCo45NiCrWB高温钎料的钎焊工艺性能;稀土元素Ce对Sn-Cu-Ni无铅钎料铺展性能及焊点力学性能的影响;P,稀土La对ASCuZngn钎料合金组织与性能的影响;     

焊接材料及其生产设备

D550R系列焊条的焊接电参数分析;新一代运载火箭2219铝合金配用焊丝研制;BCo45NiCrWB高温钎料的钎焊工艺性能;稀土元素Ce对Sn-Cu-Ni无铅钎料铺展性能及焊点力学性能的影响;P,稀土La对ASCuZngn钎料合金组织与性能的影响;     

K452合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用钴基钎料及镍基合金粉料,在1 170℃保温60 min的钎焊工艺下,对K452镍基铸造高温合金进行了45°坡口对接试样真空钎焊实验,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了接头显微组织观察与物相,并进行了钎焊接头的高温性能测试。实验结果表明,钎焊接头界面结合良好,钎缝组织主要以固溶体为主,钎料组织填充于镍基合金粉颗粒间并存在小块状白色化合物,细小颗粒状化合物弥散分布于合金粉填料颗粒内部;钎焊接头900℃抗拉强度达到400 MPa,900℃/100 MPa持久寿命为133 h37 min。     

DZ40M合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用Co-Cr-Ni系钎料在不同的钎焊工艺下对DZ40M定向凝固合金进行了真空钎焊试验,通过扫描电镜、波谱/能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对钎焊接头进行了微观组织观察和典型物相成分分析,测试了接头的高温持久寿命和高温拉伸强度.结果表明,钎焊接头主要由近缝区、扩散反应区和钎缝中心区组成,近缝区含有较少的化合物,扩散反应区由钴基固溶体、硼化物和碳化物构成,钎缝中心区则由大量的钴基固溶体、白色和灰色硼化物骨架以及少量的深色条块状或骨架状碳化物等构成;在1180℃/30 min钎焊工艺下接头980℃/83 MPa持久寿命最高,平均值达到18 h 10 min,900℃高温拉伸性能均超过母材技术标准规定的305 MPa.     

DZ40M钴基合金钎焊接头微观组织及性能研究

研究了DZ40M定向凝固钴基高温合金的钎焊行为,利用SEM/EDS对钎焊接头的微观组织形貌和物相组成进行了分析,并测试了接头的高温拉伸强度与高温持久寿命。结果表明,接头中间的钎缝组织主要由镍基固溶体与白色条状富W硼化物组成,靠近母材的元素扩散区主要由母材基体和分布在其中的块状硼化物组成,钎缝组织和元素扩散区之间的界面连接区主要由Ni-Co固溶体、灰色块状富Cr硼化物与弥散分布的富Co相组成。对接头的性能测试发现,在980℃下不同钎缝间隙的接头抗拉强度变化不大,抗拉强度约为150 MPa;而在980℃加载66 MPa条件下高温持久寿命随着钎缝间隙的增大而下降。高温持久寿命与钎焊中的硼化物析出相尺寸和含量有关,尺寸越大,含量越高,接头的高温持久寿命越低。     

IC10与GH3039高温合金的真空钎焊

采用Co50NiCrWB钴基钎料及Rene’95高温合金粉末对IC10与GH3039高温合金进行了真空钎焊及大间隙钎焊。试验结果表明,采用Co50NiCrWB钎料及Rene’95高温合金粉末在1180℃／30min规范下钎焊IC10与GH3039高温合金,可获得致密完整的IC10／GH3039钎焊接头及大间隙钎焊接头,接头在900℃下的拉伸性能和持久性能均超过GH3039母材水平,拉伸和持久试验时,断裂都发生在GH3039母材中。     

钎焊温度对CMSX-4单晶高温合金接头组织与性能的影响

采用一种镍基合金钎料钎焊CMSX-4单晶高温合金,利用扫描电镜、电子探针等分析手段研究接头的微观组织与相组成,并利用高温持久试验机测试接头的高温持久性能,讨论不同钎焊工艺条件下,接头的组织与性能变化规律及接头的断裂机制。研究发现,随着钎焊温度的提高,焊缝中低熔点化合物相减少,小尺寸凝固缺陷消失,白色硼化物比例先升高后降低,γ'沉淀相增多,接头的高温组织稳定性增加。当钎焊温度不低于1 290℃时,CMSX-4单晶高温合金接头在980℃/100 MPa条件下的持久寿命可达到400 h。观察接头的断口形貌发现,断裂均发生在焊缝处,断裂模式为以脆性断裂为主的混合断裂。     

两种钎料对不锈钢钎焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

采用四号锰基钎料真空钎焊2Cr13不锈钢,研究了钎焊温度对其接头组织和室温及高温剪切强度的影响,并与Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊不锈钢接头进行了对比.结果表明:四号锰基钎料钎焊接头组织由Mn-Ni基的单相Mn-Ni-Cu-Fe-Cr-Co固溶体组成,接头室温剪切强度随着钎焊温度的升高逐渐增加;Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头组织由Ni-Fe基固溶体和Ni(Cr,Fe)-P化合物组成,接头室温剪切强度低于四号锰基钎料钎焊接头的室温剪切强度.当测试温度超过500℃时,Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头的高温剪切强度降低幅度不大,四号锰基钎料钎焊接头降低明显,但仍高于Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头的高温剪切强度.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.