Coupled structure for wide-band EDFA with gain and noise figureimprovements from C to L-band ASE injection

We propose a novel structure for C plus L-band silica based wide-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (W-EDFA's), which use backward amplified spontaneous emission from the C-band EDFA as the pump-mediating injection source for the L-band amplifier unit. Experimental results show gain and noise figure improvements of over 2.6 dB and 0.6 dB, respectively, at -3.5 dBm of L-band input signal power. Spatially resolved numerical analysis confirms the pump-mediating effect of C-band backward ASE in the L-band EDFA for the gain and noise figure improvement, which also provides better understanding on the dynamics of C-band injection seed methods     

基于单个光纤光栅反射技术的高性能L波段EDFA

基于单个光纤光栅反射技术提出一种高性能L波段EDFA。用一个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)反射EDFA产生的一部分C波段放大自发辐射(ASE)噪声,该部分ASE噪声被重新注入到掺铒光纤中以提高增益效率。用静态均衡器平坦输出的增益谱,在L波段范围内,增益被箝制在25.5dB,增益不平坦度小于0.5dB,噪声指数小于5.5dB,为DWDM系统提供了一项有效的解决方案。     

Gain clamping in L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier using a fiberBragg grating

A gain-clamping technique for the long wavelength band (L-band) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is presented. It uses a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) on the input side of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to inject a portion of backward conventional band (C-band) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) back into the system. The use of a narrow-band (NB) FBG has shown a better performance in clamped-gain level and noise figure compared to a broad-band FBG. The amplifier gain for the NB FBG set up is clamped at 15.4 dB with a variation of less than 0.3 dB for an input power as high as 0 dBm     

Gain clamping in two-stage L-band EDFA using a broadband FBG

A gain-clamped long wavelength band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) with an improved gain characteristic is demonstrated by simply adding a broadband conventional band (C-band) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in a two-stage amplifier system. The FBG reflects backward C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from the second stage back into the system to clamp the gain. The gain is clamped at about 22.4 dB with a gain variation below 0.4 dB for input signal powers of -40 to -15 dBm. Compared with an unclamped amplifier of similar noise figure values, the small signal gain has improved by 2.4 dB due to the FBG which blocks the backward propagating ASE. At wavelengths from 1570 to 1600 nm, gain of the clamped amplifier varies from 19.4 to 26.7 dB. The corresponding noise figure varies by /spl plusmn/0.35 dB around 5 dB, which is not much different compared to that of the unclamped amplifier.     

Gain enhancement in L-band loop EDFA through C-band signal injection

Gain enhancement provided in L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with loop configuration and through C-band signal injection is experimentally demonstrated and compared with conventional single-stage L-band EDFA design. Significant backward amplified spontaneous emission suppression in C-band and pump conversion efficiency increase in L-band were observed for varying C-band seed signal wavelength and power levels. Gain and noise figure (NF) performance of loop design L-EDFA is compared with the conventional bidirectionally pumped single-stage L-EDFA design. Gain and NF measurements in the loop configuration have resulted in an up to 9.5-dB increase in gain and up to 2.6-dB degradation in NF at a moderate signal wavelength of 1585 nm.     

L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的优化设计

针对传统L-波段掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)转换效率不高，提出了一种在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光栅(FBG)的L-波段EDFA新结构。实验表明这种结构可以提高功率转换效率，小信号增益增加约3dB。基于考虑ASE噪声的Giles模型，建立了这种EDFA的理论模型，并运用数值模拟算法系统地分析了布拉格波长及其反射率等参量对放大性能的影响。     

基于光纤环形镜的双级双程L波段高功率ASE光源

研究了L波段光产生的基本机理,基于3dB宽带耦合器的光纤环形镜作为反射镜,优化设计并通过实验得到了双级双程L波段掺Er光纤(EDF)高功率放大的自发辐射(ASE)输出光谱。两级所用的光纤长度分别为7m(低浓度)和31m(高浓度),在同等条件下,第1级采用双程前向得到功率为21．48mW(13．32dBm)、平均波长为1573．52nm的L波段ASE输出;第1级采用双程后向可实现功率为22．71mW(13．56dBm)、平均波长为1574．66nm的L波段ASE输出。对比分析2种结构输出光谱的抽运光利用效率、光谱平坦度等特性后,得到第1级采用双程后向的双级双程是一种更为理想的实现L波段高功率ASE输出的结构,同时由于C波段易获得高功率(高于30mW)的输出,二者结合即可得到功率高于50mW的C L波段ASE输出。     

High-gain coefficient long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiberamplifier using 1530-nm band pump

A 1530-nm band has been studied as a pump wavelength for the long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA). The pump source is built using a tunable light source and cascaded conventional-band (C-band) EDFA. The L-band EDFA uses a forward pumping scheme. Within the 1530-nm band, the 1545-nm pump demonstrates 0.45-dB/mW gain coefficient, which is twice better than that of conventional 1480-nm pumped EDFA. The noise figure of the 1530-nm pump is at worst 6.36 dB, which is 0.75 dB higher than that of the 1480-nm pumped EDFA. Such high-gain coefficient indicates that the L-band EDFA consumes low power     

一种新型宽带EDFA及其实验研究

文章提出了一种基于三端口增益平坦滤波器、且在拓扑结构上不同于以往并行或串行结构的掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的新结构。理论模拟显示，同常规的并行结构EDFA相比，该新型结构在保证C波段EDFA性能的同时亦可将L波段掺铒光纤（EDF）用量减少48％以上，改善L波段泵浦效率55％以上。实验中，我们在C波段使用两只输出功率分别为106．9和109．6mW的980nm泵浦激光器，两段EDF的长度分别为8．5和9．6m，在L波段我们仅用1只80mW的1480nm泵浦激光器，EDF长度为19．8m。试验结果显示，在C＋L波段内得到的信号增益〉23dB，增益平坦度〈0．6dB，噪声指数在C和L波段内分别〈4．4dB和5.6dB。     

基于光纤环形镜的L-波段掺铒光纤放大器增益的提高

提出了一种基于光纤环形镜作为反射器的反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)结构。光纤环形镜不但可以反射后向放大自发辐射(ASE)作为二次抽运源，而且还可以反射信号，使信号得到二次放大。当抽运功率为115mW时。在1570～1605nm波长范围内，反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的平坦小信号增益达到29．14dB，与前向抽运方式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器相比(保持平坦性不变)。增益提高了5．33dB。分别输入波长为1580nm和1600nm的信号，反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的饱和输出功率为7．63和7．6dBm．与前向抽运方式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器相比分别提高了2．98和3dB。     

High Efficiency Automatic-Power-Controlled and Gain-Clamped EDFA for Broadband Passive Optical Networking Systems

The configuration of a simple improved high efficiency automatic-power-controlled and gain-clamped EDFA (APC-GC-EDFA) for broadband passive optical networking systems (BPON) is presented here. In order to compensate the phase and amplitude variation due to the different distance between the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network units (ONU), the APC-GC-EDFA need to be employed. A single 980 nm laser module is employed as the primary pump. To extend the bandwidth, all C-band ASE is recycled as the secondary pump to enhance the gain efficiency. An electrical feedback circuit is used as a multi-wavelength channel transmitter monitor for the automatic power control to improve the gain-flattened flatness for stable amplification. The experimental results prove that the EDFA system can provide flatter clamped gain in both C-band and L-band configurations. The gain flatness wavelength ranging from 1530 to 1610 nm is within 32.83 ± 0.64 dB, i.e. below 1.95 %. The gains are clamped at 33.85 ± 0.65 dB for the input signal power of −40 dBm to −10 dBm. The range of noise figure is between 6.37 and 6.56, which is slightly lower compared to that of unclamped amplifiers. This will be very useful for measuring the gain flatness of APC-GC-EDFA. Finally, we have also demonstrated the records of the overall simultaneous dynamics measurements for the new system stabilization. The carrier to noise ratio (CNR) is 49.5 to 50.8 dBc which is above the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard of 43 dBc, and both composite second order (CSO) 69.2 to 71.5 dBc and composite triple beat (CTB) of 69.8 to 72.2 dBc are above 53 dBc. The recorded corresponding rise-time of 1.087 ms indicates that the system does not exhibit any overshoot of gain or ASE variation due to the signal at the beginning of the pulse.     

C波段和980 nm抽运的两段级联L波段掺铒光纤放大器

提出了由C波段和传统的 980nmLD两段级联抽运L波段信号的结构 ,C波段的功率和波长由掺铒光纤激光器控制。从实验和理论上分析了注入不同波长和功率的C波段对其增益的影响。设计的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)结构 ,在C波段波长为 15 2 5nm ,注入功率为 5mW时 ,功率为 - 2 0dBm ,波长为 15 80nm的信号增益提高了 7 7dB。     

采用Sagnac反馈环的高效率宽带L-波段放大自发辐射源

采用掺铒光纤在L-波段的放大自发辐射(ASE)构成的宽带光信号源在光纤传感、器件测试等方面有着广泛的应用需求,而抽运转换是制作这种光源的关键技术之一.基于C-波段放大自发辐射对L-波段信号具有二次抽运作用的机理,在光纤的一端采用Sagnac反馈环将输出的C-波段放大自发辐射反馈回到掺铒光纤中,这些被反馈的C-波段放大自发辐射像注入的信号光一样消耗上能级粒子数而受到放大并沿光纤的同一方向传输,同时成为L-波段放大自发辐射的抽运源.由于Sagnac反馈环减少了泄漏的C-波段放大自发辐射功率,因而抽运转换效率大大提高.实验中,在不加平坦滤波器的情况下,在125 mW 980 nm抽运光输入时输出L-波段放大自发辐射宽谱功率达到14 dBm,抽运转换效率(PCE)达到20%,1 dB带宽达到31.1 nm(1568.9～1600 nm),获得了高转换效率且宽带平坦的L-波段放大自发辐射谱输出.     

L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的优化设计

针对L-band的泵浦效率不高的缺点改进了光链路:在EDFA的前端加入一个光纤环行镜用来反射铒纤产生的后向放大自发发射谱(ASE),通过实验和数值分析发现,在较大的波长范围内光纤环形镜(FLM)可以反射后向ASE的能量,平均增益在12．5 dB以上,提高了泵浦效率,证明这一结构对提高L-band EDEA的转换效率是简单有效的。     

Gain saturation behavior in L-band EDFAs

The gain saturation behavior of an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier is investigated. Experimental results show that amplifiers configured to operate in the L-band exhibit decidedly different saturation behavior compared to what is observed in C-band amplifiers. It is shown that the gain can vary by as much as 2.3 dB. Results suggest that the unique saturation behavior observed in the L-band is due, in part, to backward traveling amplified spontaneous emission power     

Serial topology of wide-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier for WDMapplications

We analyze the recently proposed serial topology of a wide-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) covering both the C- and L-bands and compare it with the parallel configuration of C-band and L-band amplifiers. The analysis is based on an application of a comprehensive large-signal numerical model, which takes into consideration propagation of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signals, bidirectional pump, and both the downstream and upstream ASE power spectral components. We have found that in the multiwavelength regime the new topology can provide output power of 3 dBm/channel for 32 C-band and 40 L-band, 0.8-nm-spaced signals with reasonable pump powers to the first and the second stage. In comparison with the usual parallel configuration of C-band and L-band EDFAs, this topology saves about 20% of overall pump power, 10% of the necessary length of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and achieves lower noise figure for L-band signals     

Wavelength and power dependence of injected C-band laser on pumpconversion efficiency of L-band EDFA

The effect of wavelength and power of an injected C-band laser on the pump conversion efficiency of a L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier was studied via numerical simulation and experiment. In the studied C-band wavelength range of 1530-1560 nm, for higher injected power with longer wavelength, the backward output amplified spontaneous emission power is compressed more; but the residual laser power is greater due to the smaller emission coefficient at longer wavelength. Thus there is a best choice for injection wavelength and power. With an injection of -2 dBm at 1550 nm, 4.3 and 2.5 dB of gain enhancement for -12 and -2.6 dBm input at 1586 nm were achieved, respectively     

级连L波段EDFA优化的数值模拟与实验

对级连结构的L波段EDFA进行了优化设计.首先用加拿大Optiwave的OptiAmplifier4.0数值模拟了在其他条件确定情况下两级光纤长度比例变化对放大器性能的影响,在优化光纤长度比例的基础上,为了得到更宽的L-EDFA的本征平坦增益谱,进一步优化了前后级泵浦功率.在上述条件下利用42 m的铒纤得到实验结果为:ASE谱3 dB带宽1566.84～1606.80 nm(40 nm).在L波段(1570～1605 nm),小信号平均增益约为25 dB,增益不平坦度为±1 dB,噪声指数约为5 dB.     

S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with a multistage configuration /sub e/sign, characterization, and gain tilt compensation

We report an S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with a multistage configuration in terms of its design, gain, and noise characteristics for various pump powers and input signal powers, the temperature dependence of the gain spectra, and gain tilt compensation for changes in input signal power and temperature change. We show that there is a tradeoff between low noise and efficiency in the S-band EDFA and describe the development of an S-band EDFA with a flattened gain of more than 21 dB and a noise figure of less than 6.7 dB. We also show that there is a change in the gain spectra with changes in the pump power and input signal power that is different from that observed in C- and L-band EDFAs, and that our EDFA has a temperature-insensitive wavelength. Furthermore, we develop a gain tilt compensated S-band EDFA that can cope with changes in input signal power and temperature.     

采用PSO算法的S波段EDFA的优化设计

成功地使用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化设计了多级S波段EDFA,仿真结果表明,输入信号功率为-20 dBm时在1486～1520 nm可实现平坦增益,两级泵浦总功率为380 mW,平均增益可达10 dB以上,增益平坦度小于0.1 dB,噪声系数小于5 dB,满足WDM/DWDM系统的需求.另外,还重点对插入长波长ASE...