EPDM熔融接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯及其与NR动态硫化共混物的性能

研究了三元乙丙橡胶熔融接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（ＧＭＡ）的接枝反应温度、过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）及ＧＩＭ用量对ＥＰＤＭ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ／ＮＲ动态硫化共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明：与直接静硫化胶相比,动态硫化胶的拉伸强度提高了４８．２％;接枝反应温度８为１６０℃、ＤＣＰ用量为０．３份、ＧＭＡ用量为３￣５份时,动态硫化共混物的力学性能较好。另外红外光谱测试结果表明,在ＥＰＤＭ上已成功接枝了ＧＭＡ。     

EPDM/氟橡胶的动态硫化

研究了 Ｅ Ｐ Ｄ Ｍ 硫化体系、硫化剂叔丁基苯酚甲醛树脂（２４０２ 树脂） 用量以及动态硫化时间对 Ｅ Ｐ Ｄ Ｍ／氟橡胶共混物物理性能的影响。结果表明,当２４０２ 树脂用量超过３０ 份时, Ｅ Ｐ Ｄ Ｍ 的硫化程度和动态硫化共混物的力学性能不再变化;动态硫化时间对共混物物理性能的影响不明显。     

ENR与PP-MAH双组分相容剂在胶粉增韧废PP材料中的作用研究

以环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＰＰＭＡＨ）双组分相容剂改性废ＰＰ／胶粉体系,探讨了相容作用实施的条件及相容剂的最佳用量配比,并考察了胶粉用量和细度对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,ＥＮＲ与胶粉只有先通过机械剪切作用和硫化剂ＤＣＰ交联作用达到物理化学结合,才能使ＥＮＲ和ＰＰＭＡＨ双组分相容剂发挥有效的增韧作用;按照最佳工艺和最佳共混条件,ＰＰ用量为１００份,胶粉为２０份,ＥＮＲ和ＰＰＭＡＨ均为６份时,制得复合材料的冲击强度为１４１ｋＪ·ｍ－２,拉伸强度为１８５ＭＰａ;冲击断面扫描电镜观察表明,双组分相容剂的加入强化了ＰＰ与胶粉的界面相容。     

低密度聚乙烯接枝烯基双酚A醚对HDPE／PC共混体系性能的影响

本文采用烯基双酚Ａ醚接枝低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ）作为高密度聚乙烯／聚碳酸酯（ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ）共混体系的增容剂,初步研究了ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ体系性能的影响。通过对共混物形态观察、耐热性能及力学性能测试,发现ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ体系有良好的增容效果;并发现了增容剂的最佳用量质量比大致为１０％,提高增容剂的接枝率更有利于改善共混物的性能。６５／３５ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ共混物的ＨＤＴ为９２℃,拉伸强度３０２ＭＰａ,冲击强度２９８ｋＪ／ｍ２,分别比未加增容剂时的８２℃,２７３ＭＰａ和１５５ｋＪ／ｍ２有较大提高。     

PC/PET/PE-g-MAM三元共混体系流动性的研究

以ＰＥｇＭＡＨ 和ＰＥｇＭＡＮａ 、ＰＥｇＭＡＺｎ 马来酸盐离聚物为相容剂组成ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ／ＰＥｇＭＡＭ 三元共混体系。用毛细管流变仪研究了不同ＰＥｇＭＡＭ 的接枝率及用量对共混物流动性的影响,结果表明：马来酸盐离聚物增强了ＰＣ 和ＰＥＴ 间的相容性,当其含量或接枝率较大时,可以显著降低ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ 共混物的表观粘度,提高体系的流动性,相同接枝率的ＰＥｇＭＡＮａ 对共混体系表观粘度的影响更为显著。     

聚丙烯熔融接枝马来酸二丁酯增容聚丙烯／尼龙6的研究

研究了聚丙烯（ＰＰ）与马来酸二丁酯（ＤＢＭ）的接枝共聚物ＰＰｇＤＢＭ对聚丙烯／尼龙６（ＰＰ／ＰＡ６）共混物的增容作用。研究表明,ＰＰｇＤＢＭ是ＰＰ／ＰＡ６共混体系的有效增容剂,由于共混过程中就地生成ＰＰｇＰＡ６,改善了共混物的相容性,增加了两相界面的粘合,使分散相粒径减小,分散更均匀,提高了共混物的力学性能。增容剂接枝率的高低对增容效果有一定影响,接枝物中残留单体不影响增容效果     

相容剂在三元乙丙橡胶/聚酰胺共混物中的应用

以马来酸酐（ＭＡ）接枝三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）（引发剂为一种橡胶促进剂）作为ＥＰＤＭ／聚酰胺（ＰＡ）共混物的相容剂。研究了相容剂接枝条件及用量，ＰＡ至共混物力学性能和耐溶剂性能的影响。当相容剂用量为ＥＰＤＭ的１４％（重量比）时，共混物的拉伸强度从４ＭＰａ提高到１２ＭＰａ，随相容剂用量的进一步增加，共混物的拉性能和耐溶剂性能得到进一步改善。ＤＳＣ分析表明，共混物是明显的多相体系，但通过多提试验发现有     

氟橡胶/EPDM动态硫化共混物的研究

研究了动态硫化工艺条件和共混比对氟橡胶（ＦＫＭ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混物拉伸性能拉、热油老化性能和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明：与直接静态硫化相比,动态硫化可避免两种硫化体系的相互影响;静态硫化共混物拉伸强度只有２ＭＰａ,而动态硫化共混物可达１０ＭＰａ以上;工艺条件对动态硫化共混物性能的影响不大;随共混物中ＥＰＤＭ用量的增大,共混物的热空气老化和热油老化性能均有所下降     

氯化聚乙烯/NBR动态硫化共混物性能的研究

在氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）和ＮＢＲ中加入促进剂ＮＡ２２首先对ＣＰＥ进行动态硫化,然后加入硫黄对ＮＢＲ进行静态硫化制备了ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ共混物。考察了促进剂ＮＡ２２用量、ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ共混比以及动态硫化温度对共混物性能的影响。结果表明,动态硫化是解决ＣＰＥ与ＮＢＲ相容性问题的有效手段;促进剂ＮＡ２２存在饱和点,用量以２份为宜;ＣＰＥ用量增大,动态硫化共混物交联密度则略有升高;动态硫化温度提高（１６０～１８０℃）,交联密度增大。     

有机过氧化物动态硫化HPVC/SBR共混体系力学性能的研究*

采用有机过氧化物硫化体系,通过动态硫化方法制备高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体,测试共混物硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明,当ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为８０／２０,过氧化二异丙苯（硫化剂ＤＣＰ）用量为１５份时,加入１～３份不同种类的相容剂,可改善共混物的力学性能,其中以氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）的作用效果最好;返炼次数对共混物力学性能没有明显影响     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。