改性废胶粉增韧废PP

采用松节油蒸馏副产物“重油”（主要成分为萜烯）与苯惭烯共聚改性废胶粉增韧废ＰＰ，探讨了胶粉与单体配比对转化率及表观接枝率的影响，共混对“重油”与苯乙烯共聚反应的强化作用以及改性胶粉用量对材料力学性能的影响。     

ENR与PP-MAH双组分相容剂在胶粉增韧废PP材料中的作用研究

以环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＰＰＭＡＨ）双组分相容剂改性废ＰＰ／胶粉体系,探讨了相容作用实施的条件及相容剂的最佳用量配比,并考察了胶粉用量和细度对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,ＥＮＲ与胶粉只有先通过机械剪切作用和硫化剂ＤＣＰ交联作用达到物理化学结合,才能使ＥＮＲ和ＰＰＭＡＨ双组分相容剂发挥有效的增韧作用;按照最佳工艺和最佳共混条件,ＰＰ用量为１００份,胶粉为２０份,ＥＮＲ和ＰＰＭＡＨ均为６份时,制得复合材料的冲击强度为１４１ｋＪ·ｍ－２,拉伸强度为１８５ＭＰａ;冲击断面扫描电镜观察表明,双组分相容剂的加入强化了ＰＰ与胶粉的界面相容。     

改性胶粉在废旧苯乙烯类混杂塑料中的应用研究

研究了采用不同方法对精细胶粉(GRT)进行改性,并应用于废旧苯乙烯类混杂塑料(WPS)中,详细讨论了改性精细胶粉的用量对于复合材料体系拉伸强度、冲击强度等力学性能的影响。测试结果表明,对于不同改性方法制备的改性胶粉,均是在WPS中用量为5份时,所得复合材料的综合性能较好。其中,De link再生剂与SBR并用改性胶粉与WPS复合材料的拉伸强度为最高,为基体WPS的88 2%,较之未改性WPS/GRT提高了51 5%;羧基丁苯胶乳、引发剂BPO和偶联剂A 174并用改性胶粉/废旧苯乙烯类混杂塑料的冲击强度最高,比废塑料基体提高了43 3%,比未改性GRT/WPS复合材料提高了2 5倍。扫描电镜测试分析表明,胶粉改性可有效改善其与塑料基体间的界面粘合。     

废尼龙短纤维增强废PP/胶粉复合材料的性能研究

出一种废尼龙６短纤维预处理方法。采用这种方法能提高短纤维与废ＰＰ基质的粘合性能并改善短纤维在基质中的分散。当粘合剂用量为短纤维用量的２０％,短纤维长度为８ｍｍ,短纤维用量为６份时,环氧化天然胶乳和ＰＰ接枝马来酸酐增容处理废ＰＰ／废轮胎胶粉复合材料的拉伸强度有很大提高,短纤维起到了明显的增强效果。     

高抗冲聚丙烯极性材料的研究

以共聚ＰＰ、均聚ＰＰ按一定配比为基料,ＥＰＤＭ－ＨＤＰＥ复合粒子为增韧剂、加入用多组分熔融接枝的ＧＰＰ,采用共混改性技术研制出适合于制作轿车可涂装性外装件的高抗冲聚丙烯极性材料,并就其组成,用量,组分间熔融粘度差以及组分间相容性对性能的影响作了初步探讨。     

透明性MCS接枝共聚物的研究

将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯在氯化聚乙烯存在下进行悬浮接枝共聚，获得ＭＣＳ树脂。本文着重考察影响ＭＣＳ透明性的因素。ＭＣＳ树脂的透明性与ＣＰＥ及ＭＭＡ／Ｓ共聚物的折光指数，连续相的透明性有关。单体配比、ＣＰＥ用量、溶胀时间、转化率及硫醇用量等均有影响。     

动态硫化EPDM/PP共混型热塑性弹性体的研究

研究了ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ共混比、不同牌号ＰＰ、硫化体系、混炼方式和软化剂用量对动态硫化ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ共混物性能的影响。研究结果表明,当ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ共混比为６５／３５,经一步混炼法制出的共混物的拉伸强度大于８ＭＰａ,扯断伸长率达４００％,撕裂强度为４０ｋＮ·ｍ－１,屈挠寿命大于１０万次,邵尔Ａ型硬度为７０～８０度。软化剂用量在３０份以内为宜。     

废胶粉填充改性ABS复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混挤出的方法,选用三种废胶粉填充丙烯腈一丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）,制备了废胶粉／ABS复合材料;研究了废胶粉对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：废胶粉与ABS的相容性不好,界面结合力较弱。废胶粉的加入降低了复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,提高了断裂伸长率。废旧丁腈橡胶粉的加入有利于提高冲击强度,有一定的增韧效果,但其他两种废胶粉则达不到增韧的目的。     

橡胶再生剂De-link在废轮胎胶粉增韧废PP复合材料中的应用研究

为了改善废轮胎胶粉（GRT）增韧废PP复合材料的力学性能,用橡胶再生剂De-link对废胶粉进行改性再生。结果表明,加入3份再生剂De-link,可使废PP／GRT复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度有很大的提高;复合材料的冲击断面扫描电镜分析显示,经再生剂改性后复合材料的分散相尺寸明显减小,相容性显提高。     

MMA与CR／CPE接枝共聚合的研究

本文对氯丁胶的接枝共聚合改性进行了研究，主要考察了聚合条件、接枝单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）用量、第三组分氯化聚乙烯的加入对接枝型氯了胶性能的影响，研究发现引发剂用量、反应温度、时间、ＭＭＡ与氯丁胶的配比等因素对共聚体系的粘度、因含量都有较大影响，加入氯化聚乙烯进行混合接枝共聚合可以显著提高共聚体系的粘接强度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。