钢箱计算失效应变的冲击试验

为研究船桥碰撞有限元分析中钢板的网格尺寸与钢材计算失效应变之间的关系,进行了3个钢箱模型的落锤冲击试验。采用LS-DYNA软件对试验模型进行了有限元建模和碰撞计算,并与试验结果进行了对比。定义了一个相关系数来反映试验结果与计算结果之间的相关性,并据此定义了与网格尺寸相关的计算失效应变合理取值区间。研究结果表明：为得到合理精度的计算结果,钢板的计算失效应变的取值应随钢板网格尺寸变化,使用大的网格尺寸时应采用小的失效应变,使用小的网格尺寸时应采用大的失效应变;将计算失效应变合理取值区间与自适应网格剖分技术结合,可以在保证计算精度的同时,提高计算效率。     

Damage and failure rule of rock undergoing uniaxial compressive load and dynamic load

1INTRODUCTION Naturalrockinlithosphereiscommonlyinthetri dimensionalstressstate,butthatofthewallrockaroundundergroundstructuresisoftentrans formedtouni dimensionalstatewhenundergroundstructureprojectsareputinpracticeororeisminedout.Butwhenthestressstateofrocktrans formsfromhighdimension stolowdimension s,ifcertainconditionsaresatisfied,rockburstwillpos siblyoccur[1].Inordertoinvestigatetherockburstoccurrencemechanism,theuniaxialloadingtestisoftencarriedouttosimulateapproximatelytherockburs…     

Prony级数形式的形状记忆聚合物有限应变黏弹性本构模型

为考察形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）的有限应变力学特性,将SMPs材料的弹性响应采用Neo-Hookean超弹性本构方程描述,黏性响应采用Prony级数描述,从经典遗传积分形式的黏弹性本构方程出发,推导出有限应变格式的黏弹性本构方程和相应的材料参数拟合公式.采用环氧基形状记忆树脂（ESMP）进行拉伸-松弛试验,利用推导的公式进行非线性拟合得到本构方程的参数.对不同温度下ESMP的黏弹性力学特性进行试验研究,表明在试验温度范围内随温度升高ESMP的初始模量降低,初始模量中黏性部分所占比例降低,但弹性部分模量值基本不变.针对三维的SMPs结构分析问题,基于所推导本构,应用ABAQUS软件建立数值模拟方法.对拉伸-松弛试验进行数值模拟,结果表明所推导的本构方程用于SMPs的大应变分析中具有较高准确性.此外,所推导的有限应变黏弹性本构方程及参数拟合公式也适用于具有黏弹性特点的其他各向同性高聚物.     

重庆砂岩变形及强度特性的试验研究

对22个重庆砂岩试样在Instron试验机上进行了4种不同加载方式的试验,运用断裂力学理论对砂岩的破坏机理进行了分析。并根据试验结果对重庆砂岩的变形特性和强度特性进行详细的分析研究,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

基于标点法的土体局部应变数字图像量测

提出一种基于标点法的土体局部应变数字图像量测方法来测量加载过程中土样中部区域的应变。精度分析表明,利用该方法测得轴向应变和横向应变量测精度可达±0.007%,剪切应变量测精度可达±9.0×10-5;通过刚体平移试验分析了镜头畸变引起的系统误差分布规律,在保持目标区域尽量居中的前提下,系统误差可以控制在0.02%以内。给出了一个无侧限压缩试验的应用实例,在加载的各个阶段利用数码相机拍摄照片,借助数字图像处理技术得到各阶段节点位移进而求得标记区域内4个高斯点处的应变值,并对试样中部区域和试样整体的变形过程进行对比。结果表明,该方法可以真实详细地反映土样局部区域的变形演化过程。     

Comparative Study on Constitutive Models to Predict Flow Stress of Fe-Cr-Ni Preform Reinforced Al-Si-Cu-Ni-Mg Composite

The isothermal compression tests were carried out on Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulation machine in a temperature range of 298-473 K and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s~(-1). The experimental results show that the flow stress data are negatively correlated with temperature for temperature softening, and the strain rates sensitivity of this composite increases with elevating temperature. Based on the experimental data, Johnson-Cook, modified Johnson-Cook and Arrhenius constitutive models were established. The accuracy of these three constitutive models was analyzed and compared. The results show that the values predicted by Johnson-Cook model could not agree well with the experimental values. The prediction accuracy of Arrhenius model is higher than that of Johnson-Cook model but lower than that of the Modified Johnson-Cook model.     

薄壁管料自由胀形的最佳加载路径

本文分析了管料自由胀形过程中变形路径、集中性失稳和压缩失稳的特点,建立了最佳加载路径,即通过对轴向载荷和内压的控制而获得最大胀形比的加载路径,对自由胀形过程进行了有限元计算和实验研究。理论分析的结论和实验结果是一致的。     

Simulation of pressure effects on hot isostatic pressing of stainless steel powder

To investigate the effects of pressure on the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process of a stainless steel powder, density distribution and deformation of the powder at four different applied pressure levels were predicted and compared by using finite element method (FEM). Constitutive relations of porous compacts during HIP process were derived based on the yield criterion of porous metal materials. Thermo-mechanical coupling calculations were carried out by the MSC.Marc. Densification mechanisms were studied through evolutions of relative density, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent viscoplastic strain rate for compacts. The simulation results were also compared with experimental data. The results show that the densification rate and final density of compacts increase dramatically with the increase in the applied pressure level when it is below 100 MPa during HIP process, and the creep for compacts evolves into steady stage with the improvement of density.     

西大林桥检测评定及合理加固方案的研究

以辽宁省新民市西大林桥为依托，对其进行了横向，纵向挠度以及静态应变实验，所得数据利用旧桥检算系数法对其进行承载能力评定，其结果为该桥的加固提供依据，同时按照大边梁理论提出了加固改建要点，并对加固后的方案合理性进行了承载能力鉴定，其结果满足要求，进一步表明了加固改建效果合理可靠，旨在为类似旧桥承载能力评定与加固提供参考。     

可调激光边沿滤波解调光纤光栅实时应变测量

提出了利用波长可调谐激光器对光纤光栅进行边沿滤波解调的新方法，该方法可实现多个测点动态应变的实时监测。实验将多个“贴片式”光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器固定在武汉长江二桥箱形梁的选定点上，这些应变传感器通过光缆串联并接回监控室，在监控室内使用可调谐半导体激光器做光源，利用边沿滤波解调原理，对多个测点的动态应变进行实时测量，得到这些测点的动态应变波形，取得了很好的实验结果。该解调方法适合于进行多点的实时应变测量，克服了边沿滤波解调只能进行单点测量的缺点。     

Experiment and finite element analysis of micromilling force

For predicting the milling force in process of micromilling aluminum alloy, the law for micromilling force changing under different milling parameters was studied. The elastic-plastic finite elelent model of micromilling was found using general commercial software. During modeling, the Johnson-Cook＇ s coupled thermal- mechanical model was used as workpieee material model, the Johnson-Cook＇ s shear failure principle was adopted as workpiece failure principle, and the coupled thermal-mechanical hexahedron strain hybrid modules and serf-adaptive grid technology based on the updated Lagrange formulation were used to mesh the workpiece＇ s elements, while the friction between tool and workpiece obeys the modified Coulomb＇ s law that combines with the sliding friction and the adhesive friction. By means of finite element analysis, the law for micromilling force changing under different milling parameters was obtained, and the results were analyzed and compared. Finally micromilling experiments were carried out to validate the results of simulation.     

一种判定杆系结构动力稳定的新方法——应力变化率法

针对结构动力失稳的判定问题，提出了一种适用于杆系结构动力稳定分析的应力变化率法.基于杆系结构发生动力失稳时的总应变能突变特征，推导总应变能同杆单元应力变化率之间的关系，并分析应力变化率的变化规律，建立了判定系结构动力失稳的应力变化率准则.以四种突间杆系结构为例，应用应力变化率准则进行了结构的动力稳定分析，并将结果同位移准则分析的结果进行了比较.结果表明，应力变化率准则可以有效判定杆系结构的动力失稳，并且在判定结构的局部失稳方面非常有效和明确.     

基于离散元的岩石单轴压缩实验模拟及断裂特性分析

利用20 t级单轴实验机对大庆三肇地区深层岩石进行单轴压缩实验。基于室内实验力学得到岩石物理参数及单轴压缩所能测出的接触参数,通过离散元软件虚拟参数标定得到与室内实验相似力学性质的模拟岩石试样,并通过离散元软件EDEM对该岩石试样进行单轴压缩实验模拟,得到应力⁃应变曲线,通过对应力⁃应变曲线得到阶段性的破坏过程,研究了在单轴应力条件下岩石破坏的阶段性形态及微观的力链断裂特征及不同时刻黏结键数目与时间的关系。研究表明,在单轴压缩过程中脆性岩石没有较大的变形,力链断裂的方式为直接断裂,没有发生很大的形变。产生这种破坏的原因可能是岩石中裂隙的发生和发展的结果。     

双折线形体变控制的三轴试验研究

通过控制最大排水体变的双折线形应变路径三轴试验,研究了控制排水条件对抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明双折线形应变路径加载条件下,土体的峰值抗剪强度仅与受剪土样的最大排水体变相关,两者近似呈线性关系;在双折线形应变路径试验剪切全程中,试样都不会达到临界状态;体变与剪应变对于试样的剪切特性影响与剪应变水平有关。     

一种基于摩擦吸能原理的气动灭火炮用缓冲系统

针对气动灭火炮的后坐缓冲问题,给出了一种新型摩擦吸能缓冲系统的解决方案,设计了摩擦吸能缓冲装置的结构.分别运用ADMAS和ANSYS软件进行了气动灭火炮动力学仿真分析和应力应变计算,并与传统弹簧缓冲方案的分析结果进行了对比.结果表明：采用摩擦吸能缓冲方案的气动灭火炮后坐缓冲特性明显优于采用弹簧复进机缓冲方案的传统气动灭火炮,摩擦吸能缓冲方案能够更有效地减小后坐力峰值和位移峰值,并能使气动灭火炮的后坐运动过程更为平稳.     

考虑中主应力系数影响的主应力轴旋转下 原状软黏土变形研究

用浙江大学空心圆柱扭剪仪对杭州原状软黏土进行了固结不排水主应力轴旋转试验,试验中保持平均主应力、中主应力系数和切应力不变,进行了应力路径和各应变分量可靠性分析,并在此基础上探讨纯主应力轴旋转对各应变分量、广义切应变和切变模量的影响.研究表明：当中主应力系数等于0.5时,径向应变数值很小,可以忽略不计;轴向应变变化特征与环向应变刚好相反;在各应变分量中扭切应变占主导地位.在低切应力作用下,纯主应力轴旋转产生的应变很小;随着切应力增加,应变分量显著提高;广义切应变在高切应力下才适合选用.主应力轴旋转中切变模量呈“勺”形变化说明土体刚度逐渐降低.研究发现前期主应力轴旋转和高切应力作用对土体后期主应力轴旋转产生的变形有很大的影响.     

Hot deformation behavior and constitutive relationship of Q420qE steel

Isothermal compression tests at temperatures from 1 273 to 1 423 K and strain rates from 0.1 to 10 s-1 were carried out to investigate the flow behaviors of Q420qE steel.Stress-strain data collected from the tests were employed to establish the constitutive equation,in which the influence of strain was incorporated by considering the effect of strain on material constants Q,n,α,and ln A.The results show that the flow stress curves are dependent on the strain,strain rate and deformation temperature.They disp...     

600 MPa级钢筋混凝土十字形柱抗震性能试验研究与恢复力特性分析

针对7个配置600 MPa级钢筋的十字形柱进行低周往复荷载试验,得到试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线和纵筋、箍筋应变曲线。研究结果表明：各试件的滞回曲线饱满,对称性较好,具有良好的耗能能力;配箍率增大,试件的峰值荷载增大,变形能力增强;轴压比增大,试件的承载力增大,耗能能力提高,刚度退化加快;与配置HRB500钢筋的试件相比,配置600 MPa级钢筋的试件峰值荷载较大,塑性变形能力增强,但其耗能能力降低。基于ABAQUS软件对试件进行有限元分析,模拟结果与试验结果符合较好。     

A new model for life prediction of GH4133 under TMF conditions

Thermal mechanical cyclic strain tests were carried out under in-phase and out-of-phase conditions on a Nickel-base Super-alloy GH4133 in the temperature range of 571-823℃. Based on analyzing the present models of TMF (thermal mechanical fatigue) life prediction, a new model for predicting nickel-base superalloy TMF lifetime was proposed. TMF life of superalloy GH 4133 was calculated accurately based on the new model. Experimental TMF life has been compared with the calculated results and all results fall in the scatter band of 1.5. The calculating results show that the new model is not only simple, but also precise. This model will play great roles in life prediction of the metal materials and the engineering components subjected to non-isothermal service conditions.     

双相钢HC420/780DP动态力学性能及其本构模型研究

在应变率分别为0.001、0.100、1.000、10.000、100.000 s^－1和200.000 s^－1的条件下,测试了双相钢HC420/780DP的高速拉伸性能,研究了其在不同应变率下的动态力学行为,得到了不同应变率下的真应力?真应变曲线,分析了其屈服强度、抗拉强度、流变应力以及断裂延伸率随应变率的变化规律。结果表明,随着应变率的升高,双相钢HC420/780DP的屈服强度、抗拉强度和流变应力均有所升高,断裂延伸率呈现先升高后降低的趋势。另外,基于Johnson?Cook本构模型,建立并修正了双相钢HC420/780DP与动态应变率相关的塑性本构模型,并验证了修正后的模型。结果表明,通过修正得到的本构模型与试验曲线拟合效果较好。