压电叠堆作动器率相关迟滞非线性建模研究

针对压电叠堆作动器的率相关迟滞非线性特性,该文提出了一种基于asymmetric unilateral backlash(aubacklash)算子的BP神经网络率相关迟滞建模方法。首先提出了改进的aubacklash算子,改善了Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型backlash算子在原点处残余位移及严格中心对称的问题;其次分析了压电叠堆作动器迟滞的率相关记忆特性,提出了率相关BP神经网络迟滞模型;最后搭建了迟滞建模精度评估系统,采用Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法辨识aubacklash算子模型参数,确定了BP神经网络模型最优结构参数。实验结果表明,在高、低单一频率及混合频率下,BP神经网络模型较PI模型均方误差降低了70.90%～89.98%,相对误差降低了70.69%～89.84%,验证了该模型的精度与频率适应性。     

压电陶瓷致动器自适应逆控制方法的研究

压电陶瓷器件在精密定位和微位移控制中得到了广泛的应用，但是它也存在着迟滞，蠕变和位移非线性等不足，该文将自适应逆控制思想应用于对压电陶瓷致动器的控制，通过对其机电变换特性的分析，用自适应法建立压电陶瓷的迟滞蠕变模型和逆模型，并且在此基础上建立实验系统，对压电陶瓷致动器进行自适应逆控制法的研究，实验数据分析结果表明，该控制方法有良好的学习功能，系统的输出线性误差从28．1％减少到1．56％。     

非线性压电作动器的振动模糊控制方法

在振动主动控制问题中，压电作动器常表现出一定的非线性特性。研究压电作动器的非线性特性，对于设计智能结构中的控制系统和控制策略非常重要。该文针对压电作动器表现出的非线性特性，提出一种基于模糊自适应滤波算法的前馈主动控制方法。数值仿真结果表明了该非线性模糊自适应控制方法的有效性。     

压电陶瓷作动器的改进Duhem迟滞建模

针对压电陶瓷作动器自身存在的迟滞特性,且在高频信号下迟滞现象更严重的问题,该文提出了一种基于单输入单输出关系建立的改进Duhem模型.根据实验测得压电陶瓷作动器输入输出数据,采用差分进化算法辨识得到作动器的参数化模型,并通过与经典Duhem模型进行对比,验证了该模型的有效性.实验结果表明,与经典Duhem模型相比,改进...     

超精密机床的压电作动器隔振系统研究

压电作动器是振动主动控制中最常用的一种执行机构。文章分析了各种压电作动器的特点及应用范围 ,并用压电陶瓷作动器对超精密机床实施振动主动控制。结果表明 ,该系统应用控制器克服了压电元件的迟滞特性、蠕变特性和非线性后 ,能有效的控制地基振动对超精密机床的影响 ,提高了超精密机床的加工精度     

压电作动器位移输出特性分析

通过对一种用于微隔振平台的压电作动器进行实验研究,得出了位移迟滞非线性输出曲线,综合整理并分析了压电作动器输出位移曲线特点,从微观上系统分析了作动器位移输出特性的机理.结果表明,蠕变导致作动器驱动电压回零时,作动器输出存在残留位移;迟滞大小不仅与预压力有关,还与加压次数和加压频率等有关;作动器位移输出曲线具有一定的漂移特性,对作动器的精确建模造成一定困难.为进一步修正和减少建模误差的影响、提高系统的控制精度,提供了科学的依据.     

压电陶瓷执行器的输入历史相关Preisach模型

压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞特性是影响其定位精度的主要因素。用于描述迟滞特性的经典Preisach模型的输出与历史时刻输入密切相关,在Preisach权函数中引入历史时刻输入信息,提出一种新的Preisach模型。采用简化迟滞算子对模型进行预处理后,构造神经网络实现模型的辨识。实验数据表明,在衰减正弦电压信号激励下,该模型预测位移误差绝对值的最大值与经典Preisach模型相比减少了76%,均方误差减少了78%。     

基于几何法求解PI逆模型参数

压电陶瓷驱动的快速反射镜具有优良的动态性能,能够满足高精度定位的任务需求,但其固有的迟滞特性严重影响了其性能的进一步提高。基于PLAY算子的迟滞数学模型具有结构简单、便于数学求解、模型精度较高的优点,但模型参数需要通过系统辨识得到,并且其逆模型参数辨识存在物理量不易获得、误差较大的不利条件。利用几何法,提出了一种求解PI逆模型参数的算法。实验证明该算法动态性能好、模型精度较高,同时基于该算法的PI逆模型前馈控制较好地解决了压电陶瓷驱动的快反镜迟滞效应补偿问题。     

基于压电陶瓷神经网络模型的模型抑振研究

为达到在脉动气流激励下抑制风洞模型振动的目的,该文提出了基于压电陶瓷作动器神经网络模型的风洞模型主动振动控制方法,并进行了实验研究。首先,分析了风洞模型系统振动特性,建立了内嵌式压电陶瓷作动器的主动振动控制系统,通过模型质心加速度推算出压电陶瓷作动器期望输出抑振力。然后,建立了压电陶瓷作动器期望输出抑振力 激励电压的神经网络模型,并根据该模型设计了一种实时解算加速度为激励电压的控制方法。最后,通过地面试验对控制方法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明,该控制方法具有良好的实时性和鲁棒性,在锤击试验中,振动加速度衰减时间相比于压电方程线性控制时减小了54.46%,系统阻尼比增大了1.58倍,取得了良好的控制效果。     

压电陶瓷迟滞建模及控制仿真

为了提高压电陶瓷驱动器在调节光学谐振腔长度时的精度,设计了一种压电陶瓷驱动系统。同时,为了改善压电陶瓷的迟滞特性,利用Duhem迟滞模型对其进行建模,利用梯度下降法对模型参数进行辨识,得到迟滞模型;并利用逆模型补偿及比例、积分、微分(PID)复合控制方法进行控制。实验结果表明,Duhem模型可以有效地拟合压电陶瓷驱动器的迟滞,在15μm的范围内,最大拟合误差小于0.2μm;同时,在复合控制下,驱动器的最大控制误差为12nm,表明该复合控制方法的有效性。     

Novel models for one-sided hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators

The hysteretic behavior of a plant with a non-negative input, referred to as one-sided hysteresis, is characterized by an initial ascending curve and hysteresis loops. It is observed that the widely-used classical Preisach hysteresis model and its modifications cannot represent such one-sided hysteresis due to the limitation of the Preisach hysteresis operator. To address this issue, a novel hysteresis operator modified from the Preisach hysteresis operator is proposed in this study and on this basis, a rate-independent hysteresis model and a rate-dependent hysteresis model are developed with methods to estimate their parameters. An algorithm to invert the rate-independent hysteresis model and its application to tracking control are also presented. The models and control schemes developed were verified experimentally on a commercially-available piezoelectric actuator. The results obtained show that the models developed are promising to represent the one-sided hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuator and that the inverting algorithm of the rate-independent hysteresis model is effective as applied to the tracking control of piezoelectric actuators.     

Tracking control of a piezoceramic actuator with hysteresis compensation using inverse Preisach model

This paper presents the classical Preisach hysteresis modeling and tracking control of a curved pre-stressed piezoceramic patch actuator system with severe hysteresis. The actuator is also flexible with very small inherent damping. It has potential applications in active antennas. A series of tests are conducted to study the hysteresis properties of the piezoceramic actuator system. The numerical expressions of the classical Preisach model for different input variations are presented. The classical Preisach model is applied to simulate the static hysteresis behavior of the system. Higher order hysteresis reversal curves predicted by the classical Preisach model are verified experimentally. The good agreement found between the measured and predicted curves showed that the classical Preisach model is an effective mean for modeling the hysteresis of the piezoceramic actuator system. Subsequently, the inverse classical Preisach model is established and applied to cancel the hysteresis the piezoceramic actuator system for the real-time microposition tracking control. In order to improve the control accuracy and to increase damping of the actuator system, a cascaded PD/lead-lag feedback controller is designed with consideration of the dynamics of the actuator. In the experiments, two cases are considered, control with major loop hysteresis compensation, and control with minor loop hysteresis compensation. Experimental results show that RMS tracking errors are reduced by 50% to 70% if the hysteresis compensation is added in the feedforward path in both cases. Therefore, hysteresis compensation with the feedback controller greatly improves the tracking control accuracy of the piezoceramic actuator.     

基于区间二型T S模糊系统的压电迟滞特性建模

为了辨识压电驱动器中固有的迟滞特性,提出了一种基于区间二型Takagi Sugeno(T S)模糊系统的建模方案。首先,引用垂直距离公式替换传统的误差计算公式,使聚类算法与所辨识的超平面结果直接相关联,并提出了改进的区间二型模糊C回归模型(FCRM)聚类算法用于模糊空间的划分,提高了区间划分精度。其次,针对超球型高斯隶属度函数与超平面型聚类算法结构不匹配的问题,引入了与超平面相匹配的超平面隶属度函数完成模糊前件参数的辨识,并利用最小二乘法完成模糊后件参数的辨识。最后,利用上述方案完成了压电驱动器迟滞特性的建模。实验结果证明该方案是有效的。     

Linearization of a current-driven reluctance actuator with hysteresis compensation

This paper investigates the influence of hysteresis present in the ferromagnetic core of a variable reluctance actuators on the force reproducibility. To reduce this influence and to boost reproducibility, a hysteretic inverse actuator model is derived and used to linearize a current-driven reluctance actuator. Furthermore, an identification procedure for identifying the parameters of the hysteresis model and the remaining actuator non-linearities is presented. Two actuators are experimentally tested with the proposed compensator and a linearization error smaller than 0.05% of the maximum force is achieved, which is an order of magnitude improvement over single-valued inverse compensators. A comparably small error is obtained for non-trivial, non-periodic inputs when higher order reversal curves of the actuator hysteresis have to be reproduced as well. The simple structure of the compensator allows a fast implementation in digital controllers.     

基于复合控制的压电驱动器设计方法

针对压电叠堆迟滞带来的非线性效应严重制约系统控制精度提升的问题,该文提出了一种基于复合控制的压电驱动器控制方法,对系统非线性误差进行建模补偿,并基于数控芯片实现了嵌入式驱动设计。采用广义PI模型对被控压电促动器进行建模,利用指数函数作为密度函数,并基于粒子群算法对包络函数和密度函数进行参数寻优,最终得到压电促动器的前馈补偿逆模型,结合比例积分控制率实现系统的复合控制。同时采用数字信号处理结合现场可编程门阵列(DSP+FPGA)的数控架构,既保证了逆模型求解过程在DSP中实现的便捷性,又保证了采样及闭环控制在FPGA中实现的实时性及快速性。实验结果证明了所提设计方法的正确性及有效性。     

大口径压电快摆镜机构迟滞非线性补偿与控制

为了提高空间天文望远镜精密稳像系统中大口径压电快摆镜机构（Fast Steering Mirror,FSM）的控制精度,采用迟滞前馈补偿和最优PID控制算法相结合的复合控制策略。针对基于广义Play算子的Prandtl-Ishlinskii（PI）模型可逆性受约束条件限制以及求逆过程中模型参数估计误差累加的问题,提出了一种基于广义Stop算子的PI逆模型进行压电执行器（Piezoelectric Actuator,PZT）迟滞补偿。针对逆迟滞模型的不确定性和直接前馈控制抗干扰能力差的问题,在控制系统中加入最优PID闭环控制器。采用自适应差分进化算法（Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE）对迟滞逆模型参数和PID控制器参数进行寻优并引入混沌搜索机制来提高ADE算法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统PI模型解析求逆方法相比,基于广义Stop算子的PI逆模型能够更好描述逆迟滞曲线,拟合频率为1 Hz的迟滞曲线,拟合精度提高78.04%;实时跟踪频率分别为1、10、20 Hz的大口径快摆机构目标摆动位移,复合控制策略的跟踪精度相比于直接前馈控制分别提高了38.56%,22.92%和13.5%。     

Modeling and control for smart Mesoflap aeroelastic control

This paper introduces a novel concept termed Smart Mesoflaps for Aeroelastic Recirculation Transpiration (SMART) to render mass and momentum transfer for controlling shock/boundary-layer interactions in supersonic jet inlets. The SMART concept consists of a matrix of small flaps designed to undergo local aeroelastic deflection to achieve proper mass bleed or injection when subjected to shock loads. To optimize the performance of this system, NiTi shape memory alloy is used as an actuator for the flaps to control the amount of recirculation. The focus of this paper will be the subsystem modeling and control of a single flap. After a relatively detailed model is developed, a simpler model is generated, and it is experimentally shown that this approximation is adequate for control purposes. Next, the control strategy for this subsystem, subject to hysteresis and actuator saturation, is presented. A basic proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is enhanced using a hysteresis compensator (HC) and an error governor (EG). A generalized error governing scheme for PID controllers to compensate for actuator saturations is also developed. This EG method is generalizable to any stable process controlled by a PID. Finally, the PID with HC and the error governing method is experimentally applied to a benchtop SMART subsystem.     

Feedforward Controller of Ill-Conditioned Hysteresis Using Singularity-Free Prandtl–Ishlinskii Model

Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and shape memory alloy actuators are gaining importance in high-frequency precision applications constrained by space. Their intrinsic hysteretic behavior makes control difficult. The Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) operator can model hysteresis well, albeit a major inadequacy: the inverse operator does not exist when the hysteretic curve gradient is not positive definite, i.e., ill condition occurs when slope is negative. An inevitable tradeoff between modeling accuracy and inversion stability exists. The hysteretic modeling improves with increasing number of play operators. But as the piecewise continuous interval of each operator reduces, the model tends to be ill-conditioned, especially at the turning points. Similar ill-conditioned situation arises when these actuators move heavy loads or operate at high frequency. This paper proposes an extended PI operator to map hysteresis to a domain where inversion is well behaved. The inverse weights are then evaluated to determine the inverse hysteresis model for the feedforward controller. For illustration purpose, a piezoelectric actuator is used.     

一种新型驱动器

介绍了一种新型压电驱动器含金属芯压电陶瓷纤维(MPF),推导了MPF的驱动电压与位移关系,运用ABAQUS软件对MPF进行了有限元仿真,并将MPF在不同驱动电压下的位移进行了理论值和仿真值的对比,验证了所推导公式中响应位移和驱动电压关系的正确性。通过实验测试了MPF的迟滞特性,并设计了迟滞逆模型开环控制、迟滞逆模型结合比例、积分和微分(PID)的两种控制方法对MPF进行了迟滞补偿控制。实验表明,复合控制的效果较好,MPF迟滞得到了很好补偿,使输入和输出呈线性,实现了高于10nm的高精度定位。复合控制的实验结果也进一步验证了MPF位移公式的正确性。