CuS纳米粒子/分子沉积膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

利用分子沉积技术制备了PDDA/PAA分子沉积膜,然后在膜中原位反应生长了CuS纳米粒子,紫外-可见分光光度计、XPS及原子力显微镜（AFM）分析表明,CuS纳米粒子在膜中分布均匀,团聚现象不明显,纳米粒子的粒径随原位反应时间的增加而增加,AFM的力学测试表明,该膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。     

表面活性剂辅助低温固相合成CuS纳米棒

用表面活性剂聚乙二醇400为形貌控制剂,通过低温固相反应成功制备出CuS纳米棒.纳米棒的直径为10～60 nm、长度为100～600 nm.研究结果表明,在反应过程中,表面活性剂所形成的结构对最终纳米晶的形貌起着决定性的作用.用X射线粉末衍射和透射显微镜技术对所制备纳米晶的成分、形状和尺寸进行了表征分析.对CuS纳米棒的形成机理作了深入的讨论,提出了CuS纳米棒的表面活性剂软模板诱导自组装生长机理.     

膜气液接触过程的研究进展

在膜气液接触过程中,气液流速可操作范围宽,结构紧凑,易于放大,不存在液泛、沟流和雾沫夹带等问题,已成为膜科学与技术研究的热点之一.分别介绍了膜气液接触器的结构,气液传质过程中气膜传质阻力、膜阻力和液膜传质阻力的估算以及影响这些阻力的主要因素,膜气液接触过程在气体分离、无泡曝气、饱和烃/不饱和烃分离、废气中VOCs脱除和纳米粒子制备等方面的应用,并对膜气液接触过程的发展方向进行了展望.     

纳米晶PCT薄膜的合成与表征

纳米材料的制备技术结合Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ工艺在（１００）单晶硅上制备了粒径在２０￣８０ｎｍ的多晶ＰＬＴ（Ｐｂ１－ｘＬａｘＴｉＯ３）纳米晶膜，并用ＩＲ、ＴＧＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等对膜的制备过程及结果进行了研究。结果表明，所制备的ＰＬＴ纳米晶膜属多晶钙钛矿结构，薄膜表面平整致密，厚度均匀，约为１ｕ，颗粒为球形或椭球形，粒度呈对称分布。     

超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的研究现状

综述了超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的制备技术和制备工艺参数如衬底类型、氩气分压和靶功率等对铝膜结构性能的影响;介绍了目前超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的显微组织、铝薄膜及超薄铝薄膜的研究和其机械性能等研究方面的现状和进展,并展望了超细晶/纳米晶铝膜研究的发展前景.     

纳米半导体颗粒膜的研究现状

介绍了纳米半导体颗粒膜的制备方法及研究现状,提出了纳米半导体颗粒膜研究的问题和今后的发展方向.     

纳米晶PLT薄膜的合成与表征

纳木材料的制备技术结合Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ工艺在（１００）单晶硅上制备了粒径在２０～８０ｎｍ的多晶ＰＬＴ（Ｐｂ＿（１－ｘ）Ｌａ＿ｘＴｉＯ＿３）纳采晶膜，并用ＩＲ、ＴＧＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等对膜的制备过程及结果进行了研究。结果表明，所制各的ＰＬＴ纳米晶膜属多晶钙钦矿结构，薄膜表面平整致密，厚度均匀，约为１μ，颗粒为球形或椭球形，粒度呈对称分布。     

非挥发浮栅存储器用PtAu纳米颗粒单层膜的制备

将Langmuir-Blodgett（LB）膜等化学方法应用于非挥发浮栅存储器制备工艺中．采用反相微乳液方法合成的分散良好的PtAu纳米颗粒粒径约为5m,并应用LB膜方法在存储器隧穿氧化层上制备了PtAu纳米颗粒的单层膜．采用SEM对LB膜的表面形貌进行观测,研究了表面压对成膜质量的影响,结果表明在表面压为15mN／m时可获得密度为10^11cm^-2均匀分布的PtAu纳米颗粒单层二维阵列,可应用于非挥发性金属纳米颗粒浮栅存储器,并成功拓展了LB膜等化学方法的应用范围．     

反应注射成型纳米CuS/PDCPD复合材料的制备与性能

以钨配合物为主催化剂,AlEt2 Cl为助催化剂,表面改性CuS纳米粉体为填料,采用反应注射成型工艺,原位聚合方法制备了纳米CuS/聚双环戊二烯(CuS/PDCPD)复合材料.利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜、三维轮廓测定仪、高温气氛摩擦磨损试验机等多种手段对表面改性CuS纳米粉体及纳米CuS/PDCPD复合材料的结构、填料分散性、磨损形貌、力学性能以及摩擦磨损性能进行了表征和测试.结果表明,改性CuS在极低的添加范围内,即可实现对PDCPD同时起到增强增韧和耐磨的作用;在CuS添加质量分数为1％时,纳米CuS/PDCPD复合材料的综合性能达到最佳;与PDCPD性能相比,冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度的最大提高量分别为13.2％、22.0％、13.8％;磨损质量和摩擦因数最大降低了31％和36％.表面改性CuS纳米粉体在PDCPD基体中具有良好的界面相容性,是实现纳米CuS/PDCPD复合材料在低添加范围内具有较佳力学性能和耐磨性能的重要原因.     

利用膜气液接触器制备纳米材料的研究

利用膜气液接触器制备了纳米CaCO3、SrCO3、Al(OH)3和Al2O3粒子.根据气液反应理论预测了Ca(OH)2浓度、CO2分压等对CO2吸收速率的影响规律,并得到了实验验证.在实验条件下,Ca(OH)2浓度和CO2分压对CaCO3粒子的形貌影响较小,粒径约为70nm.添加PVP和PEG后,粒度降为48nm左右,分散性明显提高.所得SrCO3纳米粒子为球形,粒度均匀,Sr(OH)2浓度对粒子粒度具有明显影响.Al(OH)3粒子为球形,50nm左右,煅烧后得到Al2O3,粒子尺寸增加至70nm左右.反应后用稀盐酸清洗膜使之再生,膜重复使用9次,膜传质系数未见明显降低.     

Synthesis and characterisation of CuS nanomaterials using hydrothermal route

Copper sulphide (CuS) nanomaterials with interesting morphology were synthesised using copper nitrate trihydrate, thiourea and water as a solvent by a simple hydrothermal route. A systematic investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of reaction time (5, 16 and 24?h) at 150°C on the morphology of the materials. Without the use of any template or additives, shape controlled synthesis of CuS nanocrystallites were achieved. The possible mechanism for the formation of the various nanostructures of CuS in this system is discussed. The prepared materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and DRS-UV–Vis absorption analysis. The UV–Vis spectrum shows that it is the promising material which can absorb in the visible region and hence could be used for photocatalytic applications. In addition, the electrochemical characteristic of the synthesised material was investigated by cyclic voltammetric analysis, which shows that CuS could be used for electrocatalytic applications.     

空心柱状CuS的制备及其降解染料性能

以硝酸铜、硫代硫酸钠为原料,采用沉淀法制备空心柱状CuS。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱测定仪(FT-IR)对所制备的空心柱状CuS的形貌及物相进行表征。同时,以甲基橙染料(MO)为目标污染物,研究空心柱状CuS的降解性能。结果表明:所制备的空心柱状CuS由CuS纳米片组装而成,其直径在400nm,长度为2.0μm左右。空心柱状CuS与H_2O_2组成的类芬顿体系对染料具有优异的降解能力,110min后甲基橙的降解率可高达86.6%,远优于实心结构CuS对染料的降解能力。     

Preparation and quality assessment of CuS thin films encapsulated in glass

Copper sulfide (CuS)-based thin films with different thickness have been prepared by thermal co-evaporation of the elemental constituents. Morphological and microstructural properties were shown to vary with film thickness. Optical properties of films encapsulated in a double-glazed configuration and containing an air gap have been measured. Encapsulated CuS films of thickness 100 and 150 nm showed high transmittance peak values of 48% and 36%, respectively, and a low reflectance below 20% and 15%, respectively, in the visible region. A low transmittance of ~ 10% (~ 15%) and a high reflectance of ~ 45% (~ 40%) in the near-infrared region were obtained for the film with 150 nm (100 nm). Thermal stability of the films has been proved by annealing of the films in air and Argon at 150 °C.     

Preparation of CuS nanoparticles embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibre via electrospinning

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/CuS composite nanofibres were successfully prepared by electrospinning technique and gas-solid reaction. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed that the average diameter of PVA/CuS fibres was about 150–200 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that a majority of CuS nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 15–25 nm are incorporated in the PVA fibres. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and electron diffraction pattern also revealed the forming of CuS crystal structure in the PVA fibres.     

溶液法制备形貌可控的硫化铜纳米结构

采用溶液法制备出多种形貌的硫化铜纳米结构。经XRD分析，产物为CuS且无其它物相存在。利用TEM、SEM等手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。采用高倍视频显微镜对反应的初期阶段进行了原位观察，考察了反应物浓度对产物形貌和结构的影响，简要分析了硫化铜纳米结构的形成机理，并采用紫外可见光谱分析对所制得的硫化铜纳米结构进行了光学性能的研究。     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under solar,visible and UV lights using green synthesised CuS nanoparticles

A green method for the solvothermal synthesis of copper sulphide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) using xanthan gum as a capping agent was developed. The CuS NPs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emment–Teller, zeta analysis, thermal gravimetric– differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible absorption spectra. These characterisations together determine the composition, structural, thermal and optical properties. The UV–visible spectrum had a broad absorption in the visible range. The particle size of the products was observed by TEM in the range of 8–20 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the CuS NPs was evaluated for the degradation of organic dyes (methylene blue, rhodamine B, eosin Y and congo red) under irradiation of solar, visible and UV lights. The CuS NPs showed good photocatalytic activity. Kinetic analyses indicate that the photodegradation rates of dyes usually follow pseudo-first-order kinetics for degradation mechanisms.     

四方相BaTiO3薄膜的自组装制备与表征

以(NH₄)₂TiF₆、 Ba(NO₃)₂ 和H₃BO₃为主要原料, 采用自组装单层膜(SAMs)技术, 以三氯十八烷基硅烷(octadecyl-trichloro-silane, OTS)为模版, 在玻璃基片上制备了四方相钛酸钡晶态薄膜. 改性基板的亲水性测定与原子力显微镜（AFM）测试表明, 紫外光照射使基板由疏水转变为亲水, 能够对OTS-SAM起到修饰作用. 金相显微镜观察结果显示,OTS单分子膜指导沉积的薄膜样品表面均匀, 表明OTS SAM对钛酸钡薄膜的沉积具有诱导作用; X射线衍射（XRD）与扫描电镜（SEM）表征显示, 空气中600℃下保温2h实现了薄膜由非晶态向四方相BaTiO₃晶态薄膜的转化过程, 制备的钛酸钡薄膜在基板表面呈纳米线状生长, 线长约在500～1000nm之间, 相互连接的晶粒大小约为100nm. 文章同时对自组装单层膜和钛酸钡薄膜的形成机理进行了探讨.     

Simple preparation and properties of surface-modified mechanochemically synthesised copper sulphide semiconductor

Nanostructured semiconductor, copper sulphide, CuS prepared by a mechanochemical synthesis in a large-scale operation industrial mill was modified by surfactant-assisted milling in a planetary mill. Surface modified CuS with cetrimonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactants were characterised by particle size distribution and compared to mechanochemically synthesised CuS. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed the binding of surfactants to the CuS structure. Transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the particles composed of nanocrystallites are embedded in the surfactant matrix. Their optical properties were studied using ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The optical band gap energies were determined to be 1.70 and 1.63?eV for CuS modified with cetrimonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulphate.     

MEVVA离子源制备Fe/Si系薄膜的颗粒污染问题

研究了MEVVA离子注入机在Fe／Si系薄膜制备过程中产生的颗粒污染问题以及颗粒污染对薄膜质量带来的影响。选取不同制备条件下的Fe／Si薄膜，采用电子探针、透射电镜等分析手段对颗粒污染给Fe／Si薄膜所造成的影响进行了详细的分析和讨论。分析结果表明，MEVVA源离子注入机产生的颗粒污染主要包括Fe、Al、C、O等几种元素，这其中Fe和Al元素的污染较为严重。不同注入时期引入的颗粒对Fe／Si系薄膜的质量会产生不同程度的影响，针对不同的影响可以找到一些解决方法来克服薄膜质量下降的问题。