基于菲索干涉仪的边界层测风激光雷达研究

分析了多光束菲索( Fizeau)干涉仪的光学特性,以及影响干涉光谱性能的参数,并研 究了激光雷达系统接收信号能力,提出了一套基于Fizeau干涉仪和CCD探测器的边界层测风激光雷达系统。利用标准大气参数和切合实际的激光雷达系统参数,对干涉仪进行优化设计模拟计算,得到了合理的参数,满足边界层1m / s风速测量精度要求。     

影响Fizeau干涉仪测风激光雷达测量精度因素分析

基于Fizeau干涉仪测风激光雷达是利用线列探测器来测量Fizeau条纹的中心移动,以确定由于多普勒效应产生的激光频率变化的。系统噪声及激光本身的发射频率的线宽、光束发散角、发射光及回波信号光在通过干涉仪之前的光强不均匀性,以及探测器的内部结构等因素都会影响到风速的测量精度。本文对这些因素做了较为详细的分析,为提高系统测量精度提供了参考。     

影响Fizeau干涉仪测风激光雷达测量精度因素分析

基于Fizeau干涉仪测风激光雷达是利用线列探测器来测量Fizeau条纹的中心移动,以确定由于多普勒效应产生的激光频率变化的。系统噪声及激光本身的发射频率的线宽、光束发散角、发射光及回波信号光在通过干涉仪之前的光强不均匀性,以及探测器的内部结构等因素都会影响到风速的测量精度。本文对这些因素做了较为详细的分析,为提高系统测量精度提供了参考。     

基于Fizeau干涉仪的大气多普勒频移检测技术

研究了基于激光条纹成像的风速测量技术,根据Fizeau干涉仪透射率函数和大气中的分子散射光谱特征对其优化设计,得到了一套基于任意光束入射的Fizeau干涉仪的系统参数。优化设计结果为Fizeau干涉仪腔长12 mm,平板反射率0.65。最后模拟了该Fizeau干涉仪对分子和气溶胶的联合测量能力。模拟仿真结果表明,在20 m J、100 Hz重复频率和接收口径200 mm条件下,风速测量误差为1 m/s,探测高度为17.8 km。     

基于Fizeau干涉仪的激光风速测量技术

设计和讨论了一种利用Fizeau干涉仪进行激光风速测量的原理。该系统采用Fizeau干涉仪进行信号频谱分析 ,形成的梳状干涉图案强度分布可以通过线列CCD探测器测定 ,其重心位置决定信号的多普勒频移量或径向风速。利用Monte Carlo方法模拟计算了该系统的测量精度 ,结果表明 ,在 90 %的光子数探测几率下 ,多普勒测量精度约是单个CCD探测通道谱宽的 10 % ;激光雷达系统风速测量的精度在垂直高度 2km内优于 2m/s。     

对基于Fizeau干涉仪的测风激光雷达的研究

介绍了基于Fizeau干涉仪测风激光雷达的系统结构。在已有的系统参数下,对探测器测量的频率范围和Fizeau楔角作了优化,得出的系统误差在3 km处小于0.17 m/s。讨论了不同的数据反演方法。采用Voigt拟合法对用Monte?蛳Carlo方法模拟的信号进行了多次处理,反演出的风速和实际值相差很小,标准偏差和用最小二乘拟合方法的系统误差公式值相符。表明用Voigt拟合方法反演风速是可行的,尤其在大风速情况下,其优势明显。在3 km处,当K=0.1时,探测器的盲区存在将产生约0.01 m/s的测量误差。     

车载直接探测多普勒测风激光雷达光学鉴频器

基于建立的车载直接探测激光雷达系统,对接收光学鉴频器进行了研究。针对边界层、对流层和平流层不同的气溶胶和大气分子浓度以及风速动态范围,同时采用直接探测的两种主要技术。利用多光束菲索(Fizeau)干涉仪(MFI)和阵列光电倍增管(PMT),接收气溶胶散射信号,获得边界层风速。采用双法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)干涉仪(DFP)和光电倍增管探测器,分析分子散射信号,得到对流层风场。使用实际的激光雷达系统参数和大气模型参数,对两个鉴频器进行了优化设计,分析了它们的风速测量灵敏度和精度。多光束菲索干涉仪鉴频器系统在±50 m/s风速范围内测量灵敏度为1.3%/(m.s-1),高度分辨率为200 m,边界层内风速测量误差小于1 m/s。双法布里-珀罗干涉仪鉴频器系统在±100 m/s风速范围内的测量灵敏度约为0.3%/(m.s-1),高度分辨率为1000 m,对流层风速测量误差小于3 m/s。     

利用Fizeau干涉仪进行激光风速测量的原理分析

导出了激光多普勒雷达基于Fizeau干涉仪及CCD探测器进行测风时,每个CCD元最终接收到信号的一般表达式.对系统的参数做了整体优化,得出一组优化参数.在0～3 km高度,得出系统风速误差小于0.16 m/s.对最终的风速反演分别运用最小二乘拟合法和重心法.分析表明最小二乘拟合法只适用于风速较小的情况.详细分析了运用重心法计算风速必然会引起的误差,并提出一种解决方法.修正后,在±30 m/s风速范围内,该方法产生的误差小于0.25 m/s.     

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪条纹成像技术的多普勒测风激光雷达鉴频系统研究及仿真

多普勒激光雷达在大气风场探测中已经得到广泛应用。相比于Fabry-Perot（F-P）干涉仪、Fizeau干涉仪,Mach-Zehnder（M-Z）干涉仪作为鉴频器具有透过率高、探测谱的范围宽、能进行视场展宽而获得大光通量、所成直条纹可以与CCD匹配等优点,同时也可以实现大的风速探测范围,弥补现有直接探测多普勒测风激光雷达探测范围较小,探测灵敏度的非线性的问题。分析了基于M-Z干涉仪条纹成像技术的激光雷达大气风场探测原理,对干涉仪鉴频系统进行了参数优化设计及仿真分析,通过设定实验参数,获得仿真结果,进行数据反演,得到风速值与理论结果基本一致。     

基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器

提出并研究了基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器。扰动作用在传感光纤上引起传输光波相位的变化,可以通过Sagnac干涉仪进行检测。所提出的光纤传感器包括三个Sagnac干涉仪,它们共用一个宽带光源(BBS),并通过两个光电探测器(PD)检测干涉信号。由于宽谱光源的相干长度很短,因此只有经历相同路径的两束光会发生干涉,这样的路径存在三条。其中一个光电探测器检测有着相同环路长度的两个Sagnac干涉仪的信号之和,另一个光电探测器检测由法拉第旋光镜和传感光纤组成的干涉仪中的干涉光强。通过对探测器接收到的信号进行数学运算可以对扰动进行定位。实验结果表明,所提出的传感器可以检测并定位扰动。10次实验的最大定位误差为370 m,平均定位误差为270 m。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.