压阻加速度计的Au-Si共晶键合

通过将压阻加速度计上帽与结构片的键合(365℃保温10min),再进行下帽与结构片的键合(380±10℃保温20min),成功进行了三层键合.测得的键合强度约为230MPa.硅片-基体/SiO2/Cr/Au层和硅片之间键合时,SiO2溶解而形成CrSi2硅化物.共晶反应因Cr层而被推迟,键合温度高出共晶温度20℃左右,从而避免了由于Au元素向硅中扩入而造成的污染,进而避免可能造成的对集成微电子器件性能的影响.试验还证明硅基体-SiO2/Cr/Au/Poly-Si/Au键合层结构设计模型也遵循这一键合过程中的原子扩散理论.     

Au/Sn共晶键合技术在MEMS封装中的应用

研究了Au/Sn共晶圆片键合技术在MEMS气密性封装中的应用。设计了共晶键合多层材料的结构和密封环图形,盖帽层采用Ti/Ni/Au/Sn/Au结构,器件层采用Ti/Ni/Au结构,盖帽层腔体尺寸为4.5 mm×4.5 mm×20μm,Au/Sn环的宽度为700μm,优化了键合工艺,对影响气密性的因素(如组分配比、键合前处理和键合温度等)进行了分析。两层硅片在氮气气氛中靠静态的压力实现紧密接触。在峰值温度为300℃、持续时间为2 min的条件下实现了良好的键合效果,其剪切力平均值达到16.663 kg,漏率小于2×10-3 Pa·cm3/s,满足检验标准(GJB548A)的要求,验证了Au/Sn共晶键合技术在MEMS气密封装中的适用性。     

一种基于Ag-Sn等温凝固的圆片键合技术

研究了用Ag-Sn作为键合中间层的圆片健合。相对于成熟的Au-Sn键合系统(典型键合温度是280℃),该系统可以提供更低成本、更高键合后分离(De-Bonding)温度的圆片级键合方案。使用直径为100mm硅片,盖板硅片上溅射多层金属Ti/Ni/Sn/Au,利用Lift-off工艺来形成图形。基板硅片上溅射Ti/Ni/Au/Ag。硅片制备好后,将盖板和基板叠放在一起送入键合机进行键合。键合过程在N2气氛中进行,键合过程中不需要使用助焊剂。研究了不同键合参数,如键合压力、温度等对键合结果的影响。剪切强度测试表明样品的剪切强度平均在55.17MPa。TMA测试表明键合后分离温度可以控制在500℃左右。He泄漏测试证明封接的气密性极好。     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

利用金属过渡层低温键合硅晶片

在Si/Si之间采用Ti/Au金属过渡层,实现了Si/Si低温键合,键合温度可低至414 ℃.采用拉伸强度测试对Si/Si键合结构的界面特性进行测试,结果表明,键合强度高于1.27MPa;I-V测试表明,Si/Ti/Au/Ti/Si键合界面基本为欧姆接触;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果进一步表明,界面主要为Si-Au共晶合金.不同温度的变温退火实验表明,键合温度越高,键合强度越大,且渐变退火有利于提高键合强度.     

硅基1.55μm共振腔增强型探测器

报道了一种利用硅乳胶作为键合介质的新型键合技术.高反射率的SiO2/Si反射镜预先用PECVD系统生长在硅片上,然后键合到InGaAs有源区上,键合温度为350℃,无需特殊表面处理,反射镜的反射率可以高达99.9%以上,制作工艺简单,价格便宜.并获得硅基峰值响应波长为1.54μm,量子效率达22.6%的窄带响应,峰值半高宽为27nm.本方法有望用于工业生产.     

硅基1.55μm共振腔增强型探测器

报道了一种利用硅乳胶作为键合介质的新型键合技术.高反射率的SiO2/Si反射镜预先用PECVD系统生长在硅片上,然后键合到InGaAs有源区上,键合温度为350℃,无需特殊表面处理,反射镜的反射率可以高达99.9%以上,制作工艺简单,价格便宜.并获得硅基峰值响应波长为1.54μm,量子效率达22.6%的窄带响应,峰值半高宽为27nm.本方法有望用于工业生产.     

石墨烯MEMS压力传感器Au/Sn共晶键合气密性封装

针对石墨烯MEMS压力传感器气密性封装的需求,设计出一种用于石墨烯MEMS压力传感器芯片级Au/Sn共晶键合工艺方法。石墨烯压力传感器芯片键合密封环金属采用50/400 nm的Cr/Au,基板键合密封环金属采用50/400/500/3 nm的Cr/Au/Sn/Au。随后使用倒装焊机在280℃以及8 kN的压力环境下保持6 min,完成芯片与基板的Au/Sn互溶扩散键合工艺,从而实现石墨烯压力传感器芯片的气密性封装。对键合指标进行测试,平均剪切力达20.88 MPa,平均漏率为4.91×10^-4 Pa·cm³/s,满足GJB548B-2005的要求。通过比较键合前后的芯片电学特性,石墨烯敏感结电阻平均值变化了1.1%,具有较高的稳定性。此外键合界面能谱测试结果符合Au/Sn键合金属合金元素组分,为石墨烯MEMS压力传感器低成本、高效率气密性封装奠定了基础。     

SiO2钝化膜对硅／玻璃静电键合的影响

本文分析了硅／玻璃静电键合过程中硅表面SiO2钝化膜的作用。SiO2膜的存在使键合过程中的静电力减弱，键合工艺所选择的电压上限受SiO2膜击宽电压的控制，对于商用抛光硅片与玻璃，要完成良好的键合，一般SiO2厚度要小于0．5μm。     

面向射频微系统应用的圆片-芯片集成工艺技术研究

利用Au-Sn共晶合金反应实现硅基圆片-芯片(Die to Wafer)键合是一种可行的集成方案,通过优化关键实验条件改善圆片-芯片键合层质量及键合强度,探索出适合射频微系统应用的D2W集成工艺条件;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察各组圆片-芯片界面质量状态,分析其键合层元素组成;在常温及300℃高温下完成水平推力测试,分析了键合样片键合强度和耐高温水平。结果表明:键合压力、Sn浸润时间、Au-Sn共晶合金温度及时间、芯片键合前处理等条件对键合层质量影响较大;对芯片进行前处理,使用少量助焊剂,240℃浸润2 min,并在温度为290℃、压力为4 N的条件下键合6 min,可以得到具备良好键合层质量的键合样片,水平推力达到55 N。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks