石油化工与催化凡士林生产技术研究

介绍中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院以减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油替代润滑油基础油调制凡士林原料并经高压一段串联加氢制取医药白凡士林的试验情况。结果表明,减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油可以替代润滑油基础油调制物理性质符合产品要求的凡士林原料。减三线馏分油和减三线蜡下油等含石蜡组分在凡士林原料配方中的含量应在合理范围,含石蜡组分含量过高会影响调和物的拉丝性。在试验条件下,以减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油为调和组分调制的凡士林原料,可以采用高压一段串联加氢工艺生产符合GB1790-2012医药凡士林标准的白凡士林产品。     

凡士林生产技术研究

介绍中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院以减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油替代润滑油基础油调制凡士林原料并经高压一段串联加氢制取医药白凡士林的试验情况。结果表明,减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油可以替代润滑油基础油调制物理性质符合产品要求的凡士林原料。减三线馏分油和减三线蜡下油等含石蜡组分在凡士林原料配方中的含量应在合理范围,含石蜡组分含量过高会影响调和物的拉丝性。在试验条件下,以减三线馏分油、减三线脱蜡油和减三线蜡下油为调和组分调制的凡士林原料,可以采用高压一段串联加氢工艺生产符合GB1790-2012医药凡士林标准的白凡士林产品。     

新型非临氢催化剂在中小型炼油厂的中试

文章研究了非临氢降凝催化剂HXL-1型在润滑油基础油催化脱蜡工艺生产中的应用条件。从原料预处理影响、搅拌时间和新老催化剂对油品运动粘度影响、反应温度对产品的影响、原料流速对产品的影响等比较了非临氢催化剂HPD-2型（老催化剂）和非临氢降凝催化剂HXL-1型（新催化剂）的催化性能,新催化剂完全可以满足中小型炼油厂的润滑油基础油的生产,可以有效改善基础油品质,并且节约成本。     

润滑油加氢工艺

随着对高规格润滑油需求量的不断增加,常规溶剂抽提工艺已无法满足APIⅡ类和APIⅢ类润滑油基础油的生产,而加氢工艺越来越广泛地用于生产高规格润滑油。为了提升中国的润滑油品质,提高产品的市场竞争力,炼化企业正加大对加氢工艺在高规格润滑油基础油生产上的推广和应用。简述了几种润滑油加氢工艺及其特点。     

关于焦油加氢精制尾油生产润滑油基础油的讨论

加氢裂化装置的原料是加氢精制后尾油进行二次加工的装置。通过采用催化剂,在一定的温度、压力条件下对该尾油进行临氢催化降凝得到了粘度指数大于75的润滑油基础油馏分,经白土精制后完全符合润滑油基础油指标或者加氢后精制得到符合润滑油基础油的指标。     

加氢裂化尾油非临氢催化降凝工艺研究

介绍了通过非临氢降凝把加氢裂化尾油加工成润滑油基础油的新工艺。介绍了该工艺催化剂FC-DB的制备和评价结果,同时讨论了反应温度和空速对降凝深度,产品分布及产品性质的影响。     

加氢裂化尾油异构脱蜡催化剂的研究进展

加氢裂化尾油具有烷烃含量高、粘度指数高、硫氮含量低的特点,是生产高端润滑油基础油的良好原料.对加氢裂化尾油进行异构脱蜡处理,可以生产多种高档润滑油基础油.因此异构脱蜡催化剂的发展在这个过程中起着重要的作用.该文综述了异构脱蜡催化剂的最新研究进展,指出了异构脱蜡催化剂的发展趋势.     

加氢裂化尾油异构脱蜡-补充精制产品探索研究

以中海油某炼厂加氢裂化装置尾油为原料,采用该炼厂石蜡基润滑油加氢装置异构脱蜡-补充精制段反应器现用催化剂,进行异构脱蜡-补充精制试验,考察了不同反应温度下生产高档润滑油基础油、化妆品级白油、食品级白油的可行性。结果表明,不同反应温度下均无法制备出高黏度指数(100)且倾点合格的润滑油基础油;在反应压力15 MPa、空速1.0 h~(-1)、氢油体积比800∶1、异构脱蜡和补充精制段反应温度分别为330、240℃条件下,加氢生成油300～380℃馏分段(收率18.48%)和380℃馏分段(收率36.79%)分别可以达到食品级白油(GB 1886.215—2016)、化妆品级白油(NB/SH 0007—2015)产品指标要求。     

加氢技术在制取润滑油基础油中的应用

介绍了以辽河、新疆、胜利、大庆及含硫油润滑油馏分为原料 ,采用高压加氢处理、溶剂精制 /中压加氢处理和加氢异构脱蜡 /补充精制工艺制取HVI和VHVI润滑油基础油的中型试验 ,结果表明 ,与传统润滑油生产工艺相比 ,加氢法具有目的产品收率高、质量好等优点。     

加氢技术在制取润滑油基础油中的应用

介绍了以辽河,新疆,胜利,大庆及含硫油润滑油馏分为原料,采用高压加氢处理,溶剂精制／中压加氢处理和加氢异构脱蜡／补充精制工艺制取ＨＶＩ和ＶＨＶＩ润滑油基础油的中型试验,结果表明,与传统润滑油生产工艺相比,加氢法具有目的产品收率高,质量好等优点。     

Application of pyrolysis to the characterization and the upgrading of the Toarcian oil shales from the Paris basin

The hydrocarbon potential of oil shales in the lower Toarcian on the eastern edge of the Paris basin has been evaluated by means of borehole studies. The yields and physicochemical properties of oils obtained from the shale by pyrolysis in different atmospheres are reported.     

Functionalization at the double bond region of jojoba oil. 6. Production of aminesvia azides

The apolar and hydrophobic jojoba molecule was made more hydrophilic by the incorporation of primary amino groupsvia the introduction and subsequent reduction of azido groups. The azides were obtained by the substitution of bromine or a mesylate group introduced into the jojoba oil molecule; by opening of the epoxide ring in epoxy jojoba; or by the addition of bromoazide to the double bonds of jojoba.     

广西樟油的化学成分分析

利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪及气相色谱仪分别对广西樟油的化学成分进行定性和定最分析。结果表明．广西杂樟油、芳樟油及芳樟叶油含有的主要成分基本一致，且几乎都是单萜和倍半萜化合物，只是相对含量上有差异。     

润滑油基础油加氢联合工艺研究

介绍了采用临氢降凝－加氢精制串联方法制取润滑油基础的实验结果,用此种方法所得到的基础油收率在45％以上,粘度指数100,含硫,氮,芳烃等杂质较少,降凝效果较好,有良好的工业应用前景。     

油库混油现象控制方法

以黄岛油库为例,分析了油库混油现象的原因和解决的办法,在保证生产有序进行的同时,又确保同类不同牌号的油品质量不受影响,对成品油的贮运和管理提供了很好的借鉴。     

Studies of the batch hydrotreatment of Rundle shale oil

Studies of the batch hydrotreatment of shale oil from the Rundle (Queensland, Australia) deposit were carried out, and the suitabilities of three commercial catalysts based on Ni-Mo, Co-Mo and Ni-W were evaluated in terms of nitrogen removal and hydrocracking ability. All catalyst systems were effective for olefin saturation and removal of labile N and O compounds (nitriles and ketones). Both the Ni-Mo and Co-Mo systems removed significant amounts of pyridines and quinolines, but failed to convert the less basic pyrrolic material. The Ni-Mo system gave the most satisfactory performance in this area. The Ni-W catalyst behaved poorly. Only limited hydrocracking was observed, and this was confined to cracking of n-paraffins and alkyl side chains of aromatics. Polyaromatic structures were not cracked.     

重质燃料油掺水的研究

本文简述了乳化油的制备方法及其热值的测定法以及复合乳化剂的组成，并论述了乳化油热值与其它因素的关系。研制的ＥＡ－３型重油乳化剂生产工艺简单。实验结果表明，在节能，防止环境污染等方面，它是一种性能良好的重油乳化剂。     

On the mechanism of kerogen pyrolysis

Aromaticities determined by ¹³C n.m.r. are reported for five shale oil samples (Green River formation) prepared under widely different pyrolysis conditions. In the absence of high-pressure hydrogen, the total amount of aromatic carbon in the products is nearly twice that in the raw shale. This is true for a wide range of pyrolysis conditions, although the distribution of aromatic carbon between the oil and carbonaceous residue changes. High-pressure hydrogen appears to inhibit both the formation of additional aromatic carbon during pyrolysis and the coking of aromatic oil. An improved kerogen decomposition mechanism is reported that accounts for these effects and provides for changes in the aromaticity of the liquid product with pyrolysis conditions. Further work is necessary to make it quantitative and account for gas formation.     

Temperature effect on the viscosities of palm oil and coconut oil blended with diesel oil

One of the major difficulties in using crude vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines is their relatively high viscosities. Increasing the temperature of the crude vegetable oil, blending it with diesel oil, or the combination of both offers a simple and effective means of controlling and lowering the viscosities of vegetable oils. This work reports viscosity data, determined with a rotational bob-and-cup viscometer, for crude palm oil and cononut oil blended with diesel oil over the temperature range of 20–80°C and for different mixture compositions. All the test oil samples showed a time-independent newtonian type of flow behavior. The reduction of viscosity with increasing liquid temperature followed an exponential relationship, with the two constants of the equation being a function of the volume percentage of the vegetable oil in the mixture. A single empirical equation was developed for predicting the viscosity of these fuel mixtures under varying temperatures and blend compositions.     

Kinetics of the cis‐trans isomerization of linoleic acid in the deodorization and/or physical refining of edible fats

The cis‐trans isomerizations undergone by linoleic acid during industrial deodorization and/or physical refining of edible fats were studied in an experimental discontinuous pilot plant of 250 kg using nitrogen as stripping gas in place of steam. For each oil, the expression of the analytical results has been made as molar fraction, which is kinetically equivalent to making an abstraction from the other components in the reaction bulk and assumes they do not take part in the isomerization. The kinetic constants for the formation of the acids C18:2(9c,12t), C18:2(9t,12c) and C18:2(9t,12t) were determined. The equations and values obtained justify that the reaction orders studied are zero (or can be considered zero) for the time taken in an industrial deodorization and/or physical refining of edible fats. The analytical method used is appropriate for direct application of the results in industry.