TiC对金属型铸造ZA104合金铸态组织、力学性能及凝固行为的影响

研究了TiC对金属型铸造ZA104合金铸态组织、力学性能及凝固行为的影响.结果表明:添加0.5%TiC对ZA104合金组织的构成没有影响,组织由a-Mg基体、Mg32(Al,Zn)49和Al2Mg5Zn2相组成.但添加TiC可使合金组织细化,并使Mg32(Al,Zn)49相从连续状变为半连续状和/或颗粒状分布,且分布更加弥散均匀.添加0.5%TiC可使金属型铸造ZA104合金的室温和高温抗拉性能以及抗蠕变性能提高,对合金凝固过程中的相变类型也没有影响,但可使合金的凝固温度范围降低和铸造流动性提高.     

Zn与Al质量比对Mg-Zn-Al三元镁合金铸态组织和凝固行为的影响

研究了Zn与Al质量比对Mg-Zn-Al三元镁合金铸态组织和凝固行为的影响。结果表明：Zn与Al质量比小于2的实验合金主要由α-Mg＋Mg32（Al, Zn）49相组成,且随着Zn与Al质量比的增加,实验合金中第二相的数量逐渐减少,同时其分布由连续网状逐渐向断续状转变;Zn与Al质量比大于2的实验合金则主要由α-Mg＋Mg32（Al, Zn）49＋MgZn相组成,且随着Zn与Al质量比的增加,实验合金中第二相的数量逐渐增加,同时其分布由断续网状逐渐向颗粒弥散状转变;此外,Zn与Al质量比小于2的实验合金的第二相转变开始温度和峰值温度基本上高于Zn与Al质量比大于2的实验合金,从而导致第二相转变过程中不同相变的发生和第二相类型的不同。     

金属型铸造Mg-10Zn-2Al合金的凝固行为及铸态组织

用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射分析、差热分析等方法,研究了金属型铸造Mg-10Zn-2Al合金的凝固行为及铸态组织特征,并结合差热分析结果和Mg-Zn-Al三元液相投影图,阐明了合金凝固过程中的相变反应.结果表明,合金铸态组织由α-Mg相、Mg32(Al,Zn)49相和MgZn相组成,Mg32(Al,Zn)49相结晶形貌呈连续/半连续网状骨骼形态,均匀分布在晶界以及枝晶间;合金的液相线温度为609.4℃,固相线温度为300.0℃,凝固温度范围为309.4℃,第二相转变在300.0～332.2℃温度范围内进行.     

Mg-9Zn—xAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计及电子万能试验机等研究了Mg-9Zn-xAl（x=2％、4％、6％）合金的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明：随着Al含量的增加,晶粒尺寸呈不断减小的趋势,合金中的第二相由断续状分布向连续网状转变;当Al含量为2％和4％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和MgZn相组成,当Al增加到6％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和少量Mg5Zn2A12相组成。抗拉强度随着Al含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Al含量为4％时,抗拉强度为171MPa;伸长率和硬度随着Al含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Al含量为6％时,硬度为133HV。     

Al5TiB、RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn合金显微组织和时效过程的影响

研究Al5TiB、RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn铸造镁合金显微组织、时效过程的影响.结果表明:加入Al5TiB的Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn合金的显微组织主要由Mg相、φ(Al2Mg5Zn2)相、τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相组成.晶粒大小可由120～130 μm减少到30～40 μm.加入RE的Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn-xRE合金的显微组织主要由Mg相、φ(Al2Mg5Zn2)相、τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相和Mg3Al4Zn2RE相组成.晶粒大小由120～130 μm减少到40～50 μm.合金的显微硬度值随RE加入量的增加而增加.随着Ti元素在合金中含量的增加,合金的析出相形成激活能呈先增大后减小的变化规律,而含RE元素合金的析出相形成激活能则随RE元素加入量的增大而增大.     

热处理工艺对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究固溶和时效处理对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,试验合金经345 ℃固溶12 h水冷后,合金组织中的Mg32(Al,Zn)49和Al2Mg5Zn2相三元化合物数量急剧减小,并且原有连续网状Mg32(Al,Zn)49相变为断续网状,颗粒状Mg32(Al,Zn)49相和小块状Al2Mg5Zn2相变得更加圆整和细小.同时,合金的显微硬度随固溶时间增加而逐渐降低.经180 ℃时效处理后,析出大量弥散分布的细小Mg-Zn-Al三元颗粒状析出物,并且随着时效时间延长,合金的显微硬度逐渐增加,在12 h时达到最大值.     

Mg-9Zn-xAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计及电子万能试验机等研究了Mg-9Zn-xA(lx=2%、4%、6%)合金的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,晶粒尺寸呈不断减小的趋势,合金中的第二相由断续状分布向连续网状转变;当Al含量为2%和4%时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32(Al,Zn)49相和MgZn相组成,当Al增加到6%时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32(Al,Zn)49相和少量Mg5Zn2A12相组成。抗拉强度随着Al含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Al含量为4%时,抗拉强度为171MPa;伸长率和硬度随着Al含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Al含量为6%时,硬度为133HV。     

Mg-6Zn-6Al-0.5Mn-0.6Si-0.1Ca合金的组织和性能

在CO2+0.5%SF6的混合气体保护下制备了Mg-6Zn-6Al-0.5Mn-0.6Si-0.1Ca合金,并对该合金的组织和性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:合金的铸态组织由基体α-Mg固溶体、分布在晶界上的三元相τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相和一些呈颗粒状分布于基体上的Mg2Si相。经固溶处理后,部分τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相固溶到基体中,使呈断网状的三元相逐渐减少,分布逐渐弥散。该合金具有较好的综合力学性能。     

一种Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金的铸态组织研究

采用金相显微镜（OM）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM），研究了Al-0．44Mg—1．15Si-0．32Cu-0．11Fe-0．11Cr-0．07Mn合金的铸态、均匀化组织，并对合金在凝固过程及均匀化退火后形成的相进行了分析。结果表明：合金的铸态组织中主要存在α—Al、Mg2Si、Si、β-Al5FeSi、α-Al（MnCr）FeSi、CuAl2和Al5Cu2Mg8Si6（Q）等相。均匀化退火后，Mg2Si、CuAl2和Q相消失，Si相聚集分布在晶界处。同时针状的β-Al5FeSi转变为颗粒状α-Al（MnCr）FeSi相，材料的组织得到改善。     

Ce和Sb及时效处理对Mg-Zn-Al系铸造镁合金组织的影响

利用SEM、X射线衍射等手段研究了微量元素Ce和Sb及时效处理对Mg-Al-Zn系铸造合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Ce和Sb元素显著地细化了试验合金铸态组织,改善β相形貌及分布,并形成呈粒状弥散分布Mg3Sb2、Al11Ce3、CeCu6的新相;Mg-10Zn-2Al-1Cu+0.5%(Ce+Sb)试验合金的时效沉淀过程中弥散析出粒状、杆状析出相(Mg32(Al,Zn)49、Mg32Al47Cu7、Mg3Zn2、Mg3Sb2、CeCu6等),且其析出相的形成、析出速度和长大速度等都远远小于AZ91D合金,显示较好的时效强化效应。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.