高温氧化合成纳米ＴiO2—Al2O3复合粒子

在气溶胶反应器中，利用四氯化钛（ＴiCl4)和三氯化铝（ＡlCl3)高温氧化制备纳米ＴiO2-Al2O3复合粒子，采用ＥＤＳ，ＸＰＳ，ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ分析粒子化学组成，形貌，大小和晶等，研究了ＡlCl3与ＴiCl4的摩尔比，反应温度等因素对粒子形态的影响，结果表明，复合粒子形貌较纯ＴiO2更为圆整，平均晶粒尺寸随Ａl2O3和ＴiO2的晶型，当ＡlCl3与ＴiCl4的摩尔比为２．８０时粒子有钛酸铝生成。     

电化学合成TiO2／Al2O3复合粉体

以四氯化钛和六水三氯化铝为原料，采用电化学方法制备了TiO2／Al2O3复合粉体。以XRD对粉体进行表征发现，以电解TiCl4和AlCl3的混合溶液得到的粉体中，氧化铝主要分布在颗粒的表面。分别电解TiCl4与AlCl3的水溶液，待成胶后再混合而得到的粉体中，两种成分布比较均匀。对复合粉体进行高温处理，在500℃可以得到R—TiO2／γ-Al2O3的复合粉体，而在95O℃可以得到R—TiO2／Oα-Al2O3的复合粉体，在1200℃可以得到Al2TiO5复合陶瓷粉。     

TiO_2自组装膜的制备及抗菌性能研究

以TiCl4为主要原料,采用自组装工艺,在玻璃基底表面制备TiO2薄膜。考察了(NH4)2SO4的添加、热处理温度、TiCl4浓度、反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数对TiO2薄膜结构和抗菌性能的影响规律。结果表明:未添加(NH4)2SO4时生成金红石型TiO2,而添加(NH4)2SO4可生成锐钛矿型TiO2,并且有利于TiO2膜均匀沉积。升高热处理温度,提高了TiO2的结晶度和薄膜附着力。但是,晶型和结晶度对薄膜的抗菌性能没有显著影响。随着TiCl4浓度增加,反应温度提高和反应时间延长,TiO2薄膜的抗菌性能得到提高。在最佳工艺条件,热处理温度为600℃、TiCl4浓度为0.2mol/L、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为80min时,抗菌率达100%。     

气相燃烧合成二氧化钛纳米颗粒

建立了CO气相燃烧合成纳米颗粒材料技术 ,利用TiCl4 气相氧化合成粒度小于 10 0nm纯金红石或锐钛和金红石混合相的TiO2 颗粒。混合温度升高、TiCl4 进料量减小、停留时间缩短时 ,二氧化钛颗粒粒度减小。随混合温度升高、TiCl4 进料增大以及停留时间延长 ,TiO2 颗粒中金红石含量增大。在反应物中加入AlCl3 作为晶型调节剂时 ,金红石含量增大。     

进气条件对TiO2纳米颗粒晶型与粒径的影响

采用火焰CVD法,在丙烷/空气扩散火焰中氧化前驱物(TiCl4)制备纳米二氧化钛颗粒.对不同进气条件下所生成TiO2纳米颗粒的粒径与晶型进行研究.在实验中共讨论了4种不同的进气条件.结果发现丙烷与空气流速决定火焰的温度}随着载气流速的升高,金红石型TiO2颗粒的含量降低,但是粒径大小几乎没有什么变化;而TiCl4流速对晶型含量的影响不大,TiCl4流速越高,颗粒粒径越大.     

棒状纳米微晶纤维素诱导制备花状TiO2纳米晶体

以棒状纳米微晶纤维素(Nanocrystalline cellulose,NCC)为形貌诱导剂,TiCl4为原料,采用水解法在70℃的温度下反应4～6 h,制备了TiO2花状纳米晶体.采用TEM、HRTEM、XRD和FTIR对不同条件下制得的TiO2晶体的微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和晶相组成进行了表征,探讨了TiCl4的用量及反应时间对晶体形貌和晶型的影响,并对其形成机理进行分析.纳米微晶纤维素表面富含大量羟基,可与TiO2之间形成氢键连接,促使TiO2在其表面的异质成核和生长,同时纳米微晶纤维素在TiO2表面的吸附作用,改变了各晶面的表面能和生长速度,使TiO2沿着[110]方向优先生长形成一维针状物,针状物再进一步聚集形成花状聚集体.以甲基橙为目标污染物,测试了所得TiO2纳米花状晶体的光催化性能.结果表明,随着TiCl4用量的增多及反应时间的延长,所制得的TiO2纳米晶体中金红石含量增多,形貌逐渐复杂化,光催化性能下降.     

纳米TiO2/SiO2复合催化剂的制备与表征

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体,冰醋酸作为水解抑制剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合物.讨论了加水量、稳定剂、催化剂、乙醇用量、反应温度等工艺因素对制备过程的影响.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、比表面积仪等测试手段对纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子进行了表征.结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/SO2复合光催化粒子,整个反应采用滴加方式;各反应组分用量为n(TEOS+TBOT) :n(EtOH) :n(HCl) :n(H2O)=1 :16 :0.06 :4,n(TBOT) :n(HAc)=1 :0.6;反应温度为室温.制备得到的纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子主要以锐钛矿型存在;SiO进入TiO2晶体结构中,两者以化学键相结合;TiO2/SiO2复合粒子的比表面积要比纯TiO2粒子的比表面积大得多,当xTi :xsi=3时,TiO2/SiO2复合粒子比表面积达389.11 m2/g.     

耐高温Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体的制备及表征

以TiCl4、Al2(SO4)3为原料,采用液相沉淀法制备了Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体,同时对该纳米复合粉体的相变过程和晶粒生长过程进行了详细的研究,对紫外-可见光吸收进行了检测.结果表明:纳米TiO2粉体经Al2O3复合后,其耐温性能得到极大提高,复合粉体经950℃煅烧后锐钛矿相含量仍然在77%,晶体粒径在20nm左右;锐钛矿向金红石晶型的转变温度在950～1100℃的高温区.复合粉体在低温煅烧后,紫外-可见吸收强度较纯纳米TiO2有较大提高,高温煅烧后,复合晶的紫外光吸收红移.     

火焰CVD法制备含碳纳米TiO2的研究

本文报道了工业丙烷/空气火焰气相沉积法制备含碳纳米TiO2颗粒材料的实验与分析结果。讨论了O2／C3H8摩尔比在2—9范围内对火焰温度和火焰长度的影响，火焰温度对含碳纳米TiO2晶型的影响，O2／C3H8摩尔比和火焰中TiO2颗粒浓度对含碳纳米TiO2碳含量的影响，关联了含碳纳米TiO2的平均尺寸与颗粒长大准数的关系。     

不同形貌N-TiO_2的水热合成及其光催化性能研究

以TiN为钛源和氮源,采用水热法分别以H2SO4、HCl、HNO3为介质合成了N-TiO2纳米粉末,研究了介质及水热反应温度对N-TiO2晶型、形貌、粒径及光催化性能的影响。SEM、XRD表明,H2SO4为介质得到粒状锐钛矿N-TiO2,HCl、HNO3为介质得到棒状金红石N-TiO2,粒径d(HCl)d(HNO3)d(H2SO4),相同介质中,粒径随反应温度的升高而增大。XPS、HRTEM表明,N元素以O—Ti—N键形式掺杂,使得TiO2晶格间距变大。UV-Vis表明,N掺杂降低了TiO2的禁带宽度,感光范围拓展到可见光区。可见光催化降解实验表明,催化效率η(H2SO4)η(HNO3)η(HCl),相同介质中,光催化效率随反应温度的升高而降低。     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Thermoelectric power of single-phase samples of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O y and Ba2CaSr2Cu2O y

Single-phase 2122 samples of thallium and bismuth superconductors were made by the precursor matrix method. The thermopower of these samples was measured in the temperature range 250 K-T _c . The thermopower was positive and decreased linearly with increasing temperature aboveT _c (onset). The exponential enhancement of thermopower seen in the undoped and doped YBCO was not observed in these samples. The linear variation of thermopower can be explained on the basis of either a two-band model or a narrow band model.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.