电子束辐照唐菖蒲球茎对 M1代花粉的影响初探

为了探讨电子束对唐菖蒲诱变育种的可行性和不同剂量的电子束对花粉性状的影响,用能量为3MeV的不同剂量电子束辐照唐菖蒲"超级"球茎,对其M1代的花粉进行了研究.花粉活力的检测表明电子束辐照处理后的M1代花粉活力比对照略有下降,但小剂量辐照对花粉活力的影响并不明显,随着剂量的增加,辐照对花粉活力的抑制作用逐渐达到显著水平;扫描电镜观察发现,随着辐照剂量的增大,M1代花粉的孢粉学特征与对照差异逐渐明显,并且出现了多种变异形式;通过对M1代花粉酯酶同工酶的分析.结果表明,酯酶同工酶与对照相比发生了明显的变化,其中剂量在120Gy以下的酶带与对照相同,但酶活性较对照变弱,剂量为160Gy和200Gy时出现了一条新的酶带并且有两条酶带消失,剂量为240Gy时酶谱出现了一条特异酶带同时有一条酶带消失,并且剂量大于160Gy的酶活性与对照以及其他剂量相比也略有不同.由此表明,电子束辐照对植株能产生明显的影响,通过对花粉的一系列分析,能够较好地反映辐照对植株的诱变情况.     

X射线及电子束照射对非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体不定芽再生的影响

采用X射线（电子束能量8MeV）及9MeV电子束对两个品系（Mauve and Indikon）的非洲紫罗兰（Saintpaulia ionahta）组培苗叶片外植体进行辐照处理，研究其组织增殖、芽分化及叶片形态学变化。结果表明，40Gy的X射线照射能使Mauve及Indikon的外植体新鲜组织增殖倍数为27.3和26.3，相同剂量的电子束照射抑制组织增殖能力不如X射线照射，增殖倍数为49．7和27．4。低于20Gy的X射线和电子束照射诱发非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体增殖变化的规律不同于剂量高于20Gy的照射，呈先降低后升高趋势。100Gy的电子束辐照处理使Mauve及Indikon的芽形成率降为3．7％和11.3％，而100Gy的X射线辐照处理其芽形成率分别为7．5％和64．1％。就Mauve而言，60Gy的电子束辐照处理后畸形小苗百分比高达22．2％，相同剂量的X射线辐照处理后为14．8％；而对于Indikon，40Gy的电子束辐照可使畸形小苗百分比升至35．2％，该剂量条件下x射线的百分比仅为5．8％。因此，本研究发现非洲紫罗兰叶片的电子束辐照的诱变效果要优于X射线辐照。电子束辐照非洲紫罗兰Mauve及Indikon叶片组织的推荐最佳诱变剂量为40—60Gy。     

钛离子注入9Cr18钢的强流脉冲电子束后处理

对９Ｃｒ１８钢经Ｔｉ＾＋离子注入后又使用脉冲强流电子束进行了表面辐照处理用ＡＥＳ分析了注入层的成分,考查了电子束处理前后的硬度,并讨论了脉冲强流电子对离子注入金属材料表面成分产生辐照增强扩散的影响。     

电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶的成胶研究

本试验利用电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶,通过外观透明度、凝胶分数、溶胀度和红外光谱分析,研究了样品中结构的变化与外观透明度、凝胶分数和溶胀度的关系,以及辐照剂量对样品中结构和性能的影响.结果表明,不同比例的PVA与相同比例的CMC组成的共混水凝胶,经电子辐照后呈现不同的宏观特性.辐照样品萃取后得到的凝胶比萃取前的混合凝胶拥有更强的吸水性,表明辐照PVA/CMC共混凝胶形成了网状结构凝胶.几种竞争反应导致不同辐照剂量下混合凝胶中凝胶含量随PVA含量的变化变得复杂.辐照后样品的红外光谱分析显示,辐照使凝胶中部分仲醇中C上链接的H原子被取代而转变为叔醇,从而产生交联.     

空气中两种辐照场下聚碳硅烷先驱丝的辐照不熔化效应

采用⁶⁰Co产生的γ射线与10MeV电子加速器产生的电子束在空气中辐照聚碳硅烷先驱丝。利用凝胶含量测定、红外光谱分析、凝胶渗透色谱分析、热重分析等手段研究了经两种辐照场辐照后聚碳硅烷先驱丝的凝胶含量、化学结构、分子量分布及其热分解特性的变化。结果表明：两种辐照场下能满足聚碳硅烷先驱丝不熔化处理的剂量分别为3、6.5MGy,两种辐照场下聚碳硅烷先驱丝的辐照不熔化机理一致,均通过形成Si—C—Si、Si—O—Si桥联结构而实现不熔化处理;在相同吸收剂量下,γ射线辐照不熔化效果较电子束辐照的好;γ射线辐照的聚碳硅烷先驱丝陶瓷产率也较电子束辐照的高。     

Degradation of polyimide induced by nitrogen laser irradiation

The degradation behavior of polyimide (PMDA-ODA) induced by nitrogen laser irradiation was studied. The changes in the surface morphology and the composition of the irradiated polyimide films were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The initial reaction was achieved by photochemical degradation of polyimide in the highly electronic excited state by the absorption of a second 337 nm photon. Atmospheric oxygen sequentially reacted with the produced radicals to form a highly oxidized layer. The formation of carbonyl group was enhanced by the heat remaining on the irradiated polyimide film surfaces.     

Influence of irradiation number of high current pulsed electron beam on the structure and properties of M50 steel

The influence of high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) irradiation numbers on the microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance properties of M50 steel was studied. The crystallize phase, surface morphology, hardness, oxidation wear and corrosion resistance of samples were analyzed using XRD, SEM, nanoindenter, wear tester and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results reveal that the hardness and wear resistance of irradiated samples decrease compared with untreated sample because of the increasing of austenite content in the melted layer; while the corrosion resistance of irradiated samples is higher than untreated sample.     

Spectroscopic and thermal studies of 8 MeV electron beam irradiated HPMC films

Radiation-induced changes in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films under electron irradiation were investigated and correlated with dose. Polymer samples were irradiated in air at room temperature by an electron beam accelerator in the range of 0-100 kGy. Various properties of the irradiated films were studied using a Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Electron irradiation was found to induce changes in the physical, chemical and thermal properties, depending on the irradiation dose.     

Irradiation and flame retardant effect of poly[bis(phenoxyphosphazene)] and magnesium hydroxide in LDPE composites

Poly[bis(phenoxyphosphazene)](PBPP) and magnesium hydroxide(MH) are used as a flame retardant blend with low-density polyethylene(LDPE) for the nuclear cable. This study aims to investigate the effects of PBPP in MH-LDPE blend composites on flame retardance and electron beam irradiation. The structure, morphology,and properties of the blend composites irradiated by an electron beam to different absorbed doses were characterized. The results indicated that PBPP provides lubrication during processing. As the PBPP content in the blend increases the melt flow rate at 20 phr MH, meaning the material is easier to process. The higher the PBPP content, the higher the limiting-oxygen index. The elongation at the break of the PBPP containing composites(at 50 phr MH) was evidently higher than the non-PBPP ones at different absorbed doses by electron beam irradiation. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the improved mechanical property, resulting from electron-beam irradiation, could be attributed to the consumption of PBPP.     

Morphological changes in nanoparticulate silver films due to electron beam irradiation of polystyrene substrates

Results of the studies on the effect of 8 MeV electron beam irradiation of polystyrene substrates on the morphology of silver particulate films deposited at 455 K in a vacuum of 8 × 10⁻⁶ Torr are reported. Optical absorption studies show the presence of transverse and longitudinal plasmon resonance for films deposited on irradiated polystyrene. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a decrease in particle size with smaller inter-particle separation for irradiated films. Larger clusters are formed in the case of films deposited on polystyrene after 300 h of irradiation. In this paper, we show that the morphology of silver nanoparticulate films can be modified by electron irradiation of inert polymer substrates like polystyrene. The change observed due to irradiation is attributed to the formation of free radicals, thereby altering the polymer-metal interaction.