聚乳酸纤维抗菌织物

选用14.6 tex的聚乳酸纱线作为原料,用ASS3000单纱机对纱线进行上浆,SV111型剑杆自动织样机织造聚乳酸纤维平纹织物,采用Na2CO3碱液退浆法对织物进行退浆,H2O2对织物进行漂白,经热定形处理后,使用SCJ-939固着剂和CYK-302无机载银抗菌剂对织物进行抗菌整理,开发出聚乳酸纤维抗菌织物。对抗菌整理前后的聚乳酸织物的服用性能和抗菌性能进行了测试分析,研究证明:开发的聚乳酸纤维抗菌织物具有良好的服用性能和抗菌性能。     

聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维的耐酸碱性分析

选用L16(54)正交试验表,探讨了p H值、温度及处理时间三因素对聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维性能的影响。利用荧光光谱仪、荧光显微镜、纤维强度仪等测试仪器,分析了经酸碱处理的聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维的荧光性能和力学性能。方差分析结果表明:p H值、温度及处理时间对聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维的荧光强度的影响均不显著,纤维在荧光性能方面表现出良好的耐酸碱性和耐热性;聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维的力学性能受温度的影响显著,但p H值和处理时间对其影响不显著,随着温度的升高,聚乳酸荧光防伪纤维的断裂强度呈下降趋势。     

丝素/聚乳酸静电纺丝的研究

以具有一定生物活性、细胞黏附性能好的丝素蛋白与降解性能优良的聚乳酸复合,以静电纺丝方法形成20%丝素与80%聚乳酸的丝素/聚乳酸共混纤维非织造网。通过扫描电子显微镜研究其形态,X-射线衍射、红外光谱等分析研究其聚集态结构变化。研究表明:丝素/聚乳酸静电纺的纤维直径与电压、接收距离大小和后处理方法有关;不同后处理方法对丝素/聚乳酸静电纺纤维的结晶结构有较大影响。     

聚乳酸纤维的耐酸碱性

针对织物在加工、后处理以及服用过程中经常会遇到化学试剂作用的问题,研究了聚乳酸纤维在不同pH值、温度、时间等条件下的耐酸碱性。利用强力仪、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试仪器,测试分析了经酸碱液处理的聚乳酸纤维。结果表明:在影响聚乳酸纤维耐酸碱性的温度、时间和pH值三个因素中,pH值和温度起主要作用;热碱液对聚乳酸纤维强度影响很大,高温长时间的强酸性条件对纤维的损伤也较大;100℃、pH值为11、处理90 min时,纤维已失去纤维功能。从化学原理上分析了酸碱对聚乳酸纤维性能的影响,并从理论上解释了聚乳酸经酸碱水解的机制。     

改性处理对聚乳酸/废旧报纸回收纤维复合材料性能的影响

采用注射成型的方法制备了聚乳酸/废旧报纸回收纤维复合材料,探讨了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯改性处理和1 %的NaOH改性处理对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,在复合材料中加入2 %的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯后,聚乳酸与废旧报纸回收纤维的相容性得到改善,复合材料的力学性能得到提高。废旧报纸回收纤维经1 %的NaOH处理后,与聚乳酸的界面被优化,纤维的相对结晶度增大,二者的黏结性能得到改善,复合材料的力学性能也会得到提高。     

聚酯纤维

<正>20141050热处理工艺对PLA合股线拉伸性能的影响Lin JiaHorng…;Applied Mechanics and Materials,2012,184～185(pt.2),p.963(英)聚乳酸(PLA)纤维是一种可生物降解的脂肪族聚酯纤维,具有生物相容性、生物可降解性和加工性能。采用PLA复丝可制备多种合股线,其规格分别有82.5dtex、82.5dtex×2、82.5dtex×3、82.5dtex×4和82.5dtex×5。然后将这些纱线分别按捻数为每2.54cm 3、5、7捻进行加捻和热处理。对所得纱线进行了拉伸性能、抗张强度和拉伸伸长率的测试。此     

聚乳酸/天丝混纺纱混纺比与力学性能测试分析

聚乳酸(PLA)和天丝(Tencel)混纺纱的性能除了受到纤维本身和纱线捻度的影响,也跟纱线混纺比有很大关系。实验以不同混纺比的PLA/Tencel混纺纱为基本素材,进行力学性能测试,通过实验数据的分析,探索纱线力学性能随混纺比变化的规律。结果表明,标准状态下,混纺纱的强度随PLA质量分数的减少先减小后增大,混纺比在质量分数PLA60%/Tencel40%时,纱线强度降到最低点;混纺纱的湿强度随混纺比的变化趋势与干强度基本一致,临界混纺比相差也不大;混纺纱弹性回复率随PLA质量分数的减少,先增大后减小,PLA质量分数为70%时,纱线弹性回复率最大,纯Tencel纱线弹性回复率最小。     

不同方法退浆后碳纤维表面形态结构变化的研究

采用3种不同的退浆方法对碳纤维进行了退浆处理,然后利用X-射线光电子能谱、场发射扫描电镜、接触角测试等方法,对比分析了退浆前后碳纤维表面形态结构及润湿性能的变化。结果表明:退浆后碳纤维表面C元素含量增加明显,而O、Si元素含量降低;经退浆的碳纤维表面沟槽结构清晰可见;退浆后水溶液对碳纤维润湿性能变差。     

单/双组份PLA短纤维的制备及非织造应用研究

采用两种不同熔点的纤维级聚乳酸切片，通过熔融纺丝法制备单组分聚乳酸短纤维和双组份皮芯结构聚乳酸短纤维，并采用单组分和双组份聚乳酸短纤维，通过热风黏合法制备聚乳酸非织造材料。通过熔体黏度降和纤维断裂强度的变化研究纺丝温度和后牵伸倍率对纤维性能的影响，通过无纺布的断裂强力和厚度的变化研究单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维的配比和热风温度对无纺布性能的影响。结果表明：当控制单组分聚乳酸的纺丝温度230℃时，纤维可纺性良好，制得单组分聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67～2.70 dtex,断裂强度2.87～3.56 cN/dtex;当控制双组份聚乳酸的纺丝温度225℃时，纤维可纺性良好，纤维皮芯界面清晰，最终制得双组份聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67～2.42 dtex,断裂强度2.72～3.36 cN/dtex;将单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维按质量比1∶1共混且控制热风温度在110～118℃时，所得热风无纺布的横向强力23.9～26.21 N,纵向强力25.48～29.77 N,手感柔软蓬松。     

改性剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料热性能研究

依据丙交酯配位开环反应原理,在剑麻纤维表面接枝上聚乳酸分子支链进行表面改性,并与未处理、碱处理表面改性对比,研究了表面改性方法对剑麻纤维热性能的影响。使用熔体共混模压成型工艺制备了改性剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,并研究了不同表面改性方法对复合材料热性能的影响。结果表明,剑麻纤维的加入使得复合材料的热稳定性略有降低,其中碱处理略高于未处理,而接枝处理降幅最大。同时,纤维的加入有利于复合材料异相成核,提高结晶度,其中以接枝剑麻纤维的促进作用最为突出。     

Pressure Effects on the Thermal Stability of Silicon Carbide Fibers

Commerically available polymer-derived SiC fibers were treated at temperatures from 1000° to 2200°C under vacuum and at argon gas pressures of 0.1 and 138 MPa. Effects of increasing inert gas pressure on the thermal stability of the fibers were determined through studies of the fiber microstructure, weight loss, grain growth, and tensile strength. The 138-MPa argon gas treatment was found to shift the onset of fiber weight loss from 1200° to above 1500°C. Grain growth and tensile strength degradation were correlated with weight loss and were thus also inhibited by high-pressure treatments. Retreatment in 0.1 MPa of argon of the fibers initially treated in 138 MPa of argon caused further weight loss and tensile strength degradation, thus indicating that high-pressure inert gas conditions were effective only in delaying fiber strength degradation and that no permanent microstructural changes were induced.     

Mechanical properties and biodegradability of green composites based on biodegradable polyesters and lyocell fabric

Green composites composed of regenerated cellulose (lyocell) fabric and biodegradable polyesters [poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvarelate) (PHBV), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)] were prepared by compression‐molding method. The tensile moduli and strength of all the biodegradable polyester/lyocell composites increased with increasing fiber content. When the obtained PLA/lyocell composites were annealed at 100°C for 3 h, the tensile strength and moduli were lowered despite the increase of degree of crystallization of the PLA component. The SEM observation of the composites revealed that the surface of the annealed composite has many cracks caused by the shrinkage of the PLA adhered to lyocell fabric. Multilayered PLA/lyocell laminate composites showed considerably higher Izod impact strength than PLA. As a result of the soil viral test, although the order of higher weight loss for the single substance was lyocell > PHBV > PBS > PLA, the biodegradability of the green composites did not reflect the order of a single substance because of the structural defect of the composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3857–3863, 2004     

Effect of ammonium polyphosphate and acrylic acid on NaCl treated electrospun PLA microfiber mat

In this study, insulation material was developed using polylactic acid (PLA), which is one of the most widely-used biodegradable polymers. The PLA was fabricated into a fiber mat shape using the electrospinning method, and NaCl salt was added to achieve thinner fiber diameter. This fiber-based mat showed lower thermal conductivity than PLA blocks but had poor tensile strength and heat stability. To improve these mechanical and thermal properties, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and acrylic acid (AA) were added; AA was used to better bond the APP with the polymer matrix. The APP/AA mixed PLA fiber mat showed improved performance overall; with the addition of these materials, the thermal conductivity was about 35 mW/mK, which was slightly lower than before, the tensile stress improved about two times. Thermal stability was also augmented as the increase in the weight percentage of the sample residue after the thermogravimetric analysis indicated.     

Effect of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane on mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT blend reinforced kenaf fiber

The composite-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/kenaf fiber has been prepared using melt blending method. A PLA/PBAT blend with the ratio of 90:10 wt%, and the same blend ratio reinforced with various amounts of kenaf fiber have been prepared and characterized. However, the addition of kenaf fiber has reduced the mechanical properties sharply due to the poor interaction between the fiber and polymer matrix. Modification of the composite by (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) showed improvements in mechanical properties, increasing up to 42.46, 62.71 and 22.00 % for tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength, respectively. The composite treated with 2 % APTMS successfully exhibited optimum tensile strength (52.27 MPa), flexural strength (64.27 MPa) and impact strength (234.21 J/m). Morphological interpretation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals improved interaction and interfacial adhesion between PLA/PBAT blend and kenaf fiber. The fiber was well distributed and remained in the PLA/PBAT blend evenly. DMA results showed lower storage modulus (E′) for PLA/PBAT/kenaf fiber blend and an increase after modification by 2 wt% APTMS. Conversely, the relative damping properties decreased. Based on overall results, APTMS can be used as coupling agent for the composite since APTMS can improve the interaction between hydrophilic natural fibers and non-polar polymers.     

PLA/PHBV纤维的基本力学性能研究

对PLA/PHBV纤维进行了干湿断裂强力、一次定拉伸弹性、循环定拉伸弹性及松弛试验,并与纯PLA纤维进行对比来探究PLA/PHBV纤维的基本力学性能。结果表明:PLA/PHBV纤维的断裂强力和断裂伸长率较小,延展性一般,属于硬而脆的纤维;在较大形变下复合纤维表现出良好的弹性回复能力,并在经过反复拉伸后仍具备优良的弹性回复能力;相较于PLA纤维,PLA/PHBV纤维表现出良好的抗疲劳性。     

Studies on the Effect of Hydroxy Benzene Diazonium Salts on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber

Jute fiber was treated with three different hydroxy benzene diazonium salts in acidic and basic media. The formation of coupling with lignin in the polymer system was observed by the infrared spectra and nitrogen content estimation. The physico-mechanical properties, viz., tensile strength, tenacity, elongation at break, moisture regain, shrinkage, and loss in weight of jute fiber were studied. The tensile strength, tenacity, and moisture regain properties of the treated fiber were found lower in comparison to those of raw (control) fiber. However, higher tensile strength and tenacity of the fiber treated with ortho hydroxy benzene diazonium salts in comparison to fiber treated with meta hydroxy benzene diazonium salts were observed. The tensile strength and tenacity of the fiber treated with meta hydroxy benzene diazonium salts were higher than those of the fiber treated with para hydroxy benzene diazonium salts. The elongation at break of the treated fiber is found greater than that of the raw fiber. The fiber treated in basic media shows higher tensile strength than that treated in acidic media. The formation of metallated azo complex compound on jute fiber was observed by infrared spectra. The nature of the shades developed on jute fiber was also reported.     

Properties of kenaf fiber/polylactic acid biocomposites plasticized with polyethylene glycol

Biocomposites of kenaf fiber (KF) and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared by an internal mixer and compression molding. PLA was plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10 wt%) and evaluated as the polymer matrix (p‐PLA). Fiber loadings were varied between 0 and 40 wt%. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties and water absorption behavior of these composites were studied. Reinforcing effect of KF was observed when fiber loading exceeded 10 wt% despite of the inferior fiber‐matrix adhesion observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Un‐plasticized PLA/KF composite exhibited higher tensile properties than its plasticized counterpart. Fiber breakage and heavily coated short pulled‐out of fibers were observed from the SEM micrographs of the composite. The presence of PEG might have disturbed the fiber‐matrix interaction between KF and PLA in the plasticized composites. Addition of PEG slightly improved the un‐notched impact strength of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage and loss moduli of p‐PLA/KF composites increased with the increase in fiber loading due to increasing restrictions to mobility of the polymer molecules. The tan delta of the composites in contrast showed an opposite trend. p‐PLA and p‐PLA/KF composites exhibited non‐Fickian behavior of water absorption. SEM examination revealed microcracks on p‐PLA and p‐PLA/KF surfaces. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1213–1222, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

阻燃香蕉纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的制备与表征

采用乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)作为增塑剂增塑聚乳酸,添加改性香蕉纤维和膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)制备阻燃香蕉纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料.研究结果表明,偶联剂处理纤维的效果最好,使复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别达到57.49MPa、101.80MPa,与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的结果一致;IFR含量为5份(以聚乳酸为100份计)时综合性能最佳,材料的极限氧指数达到了 32.8%,垂直燃烧实验达到了 V-0 级(UL-94),材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别为43.97 MPa 和87.95MPa,效果最好.热失重研究结果表明,阻燃香蕉纤维的加入能明显提高聚乳酸的热分解温度和残炭量.     

Formulation‐properties versatility of wood fiber biocomposites based on polylactide and polylactide/thermoplastic starch blends

This article discusses the interrelation between formulation, processing, and properties of biocomposites composed of a bioplastic reinforced with wood fibers. Polylactide (PLA) and polylactide/thermoplastic starch blends (PLA/TPS) were used as polymeric matrices. Two grades of PLA, an amorphous and a semicrystalline one, were studied. TPS content in the PLA/TPS blends was set at 30, 50, and 70 wt%. Two types of wood fiber were selected, a hardwood (HW) and a softwood (SW), to investigate the effect of the fiber type on the biocomposite properties. Finally, the impact of different additives on biocomposite properties was studied with the purpose to enhance the bioplastic/wood fiber adhesion and, therefore, the final mechanical performance. The biocomposites containing 30 wt% of wood fibers were obtained by twin‐screw extrusion. The properties of the biocomposites are described in terms of morphology, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the biocomposites were tested for humidity and water absorption and biodegradability. An almost 100% increase in elastic modulus and 25% in tensile strength were observed for PLA/wood fiber biocomposite with the best compatibilization strategy used. The presence of the TPS in the biocomposites at 30 and 50 wt% maintained the tensile strength higher or at least equal as for the virgin PLA. These superior tensile results were due to the inherent affinity between the matrices and wood fibers improved by the addition of a combination of coupling and a branching agent. In addition to their outstanding mechanical performance, the biocomposites showed high biodegradation within 60 days. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1325–1340, 2014. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013 ¹      

PLA/chain‐extended PEG blends with improved ductility

Melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and a chain‐extended polyethylene glycol (CE‐PEG) have been performed in an effort to toughen the PLA without significant loss of modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The chain‐extended PEG was prepared with melt condensation of a low molecular weight PEG and 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) for enhancement of the molecular weight of PEG. The thermal and mechanical properties, miscibility and phase morphologies of blends were investigated. By using thermal and fracture surface analysis, the blends were found to be a partially miscible system with shifted glass transition temperatures. The addition of CE‐PEG leads to slight decrease in tensile strength and modulus, while the elongation at break is characterized by an important increase (540%), compared with neat PLA and PLA/PEG (low molecular weight PEG, M_n = 35,000). The relative ductility of PLA/CE‐PEG is 40 times higher than that of neat PLA. The brittle fracture of neat PLA was transformed into a ductile fracture by the addition of CE‐PEG. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012