基于二进制量子微粒群算法的二维熵图像分割

分析量子计算的特点,对量子旋转门进行研究,给出了新的量子旋转门调整策略,并与离散二进制粒子群优化算法进行组合,提出了二进制量子粒子群优化算法。该算法具有收敛速度快、全局寻优能力强的特点。用典型复杂函数对其进行测试,测试结果表明,算法的优化质量和效率都优于离散二进制粒子群优化算法。将二进制量子粒子群优化算法与阈值法相结合应用于图像分割,结果表明了基于二进制量子粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割法用于阈值寻优具有更快的收敛速度和更好的全局寻优能力。     

基于混沌机制的混合量子粒子群优化算法

针对量子粒子群优化算法在处理一般复杂函数时可以找到函数最优解但容易陷入局部极小等问题,提出利用混沌搜索解决早熟收敛的混合量子粒子群算法CODPSO。数值实验结果表明,与量子粒子群优化算法相比,该算法效率高、优化性能好,具有较强的避免局部极小能力,对初值具有较强的鲁棒性。     

混沌量子粒子群优化算法

针对量子粒子群优化算法在处理高维复杂函数时存在的收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极小等问题,提出了混沌量子粒子群优化算法.采用了基于群体适应值方差的早熟判断机制,同时提出了一种基于混沌搜索的新方法,提高了搜索效率.数值实验结果表明,混沌量子粒子群算法效率高、优化性能好,且具有很强的避免陷入局部最优的能力,其性能远远优于一般的粒子群算法和量子粒子群算法.     

权重自适应调整的混沌量子粒子群优化

针对量子粒子群优化算法在处理高维复杂函数收敛速度慢、易陷入局优的问题,利用混沌算子的遍历性提出了基于惯性权重自适应调整的混沌量子粒子群优化算法。该算法在运行过程中根据粒子适应值的优劣情况,相应采取不同的惯性权重策略,以调节粒子的全局搜索和局部搜索能力。对几个典型函数的测试结果表明,该算法在收敛速度和精度上有大幅度的提高,且有很强的避免陷入局优的能力,性能远远优于一般的粒子群算法和量子粒子群算法。     

克服早熟收敛现象的粒子群优化算法

为了在不了解优化函数是否存在多个局部点对早熟收敛现象进行准确判定,提出了早熟收敛判定方法;为了突破局部极值的限制以再次寻优计算,引入了基于混沌变异的粒子群算法,对出现早熟收敛现象的粒子群进行混沌变异,使得最优点不会在一点重复出现,并采用平均截止代数和截止代数分布熵组成的平面测度对算法的优化效率进行度量.仿真结果表明此算法能有效地克服早熟收敛现象,全局寻优能力较强,寻优速度较快,有效地解决了收敛性能和全局寻优能力之间的矛盾.     

基于混沌变异算子的小生境量子粒子群算法

针对粒子群算法早熟收敛和搜索精度低的问题,提出了基于混沌变异的小生境量子粒子群算法(NCQPSO).该算法结合小生境技术并加入了淘汰机制.使算法具有良好的全局寻优能力.变尺度混沌变异具有精细的局部遍历搜索性能.使算法具有较高的搜索精度,实验结果表明,NCQPSO算法可有效避免标准PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)算法的早熟收敛,具有寻优能力强、搜索精度高、稳定性好等优点.也优于原始的量子粒子群算法QPSO(Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization).     

一种优化高维复杂函数的PSO算法

对于高维复杂函数,一般粒子群优化算法收敛速度慢,易早熟收敛。本文重构一个适合高维复杂函数惯性权重函数,使粒子群算法寻优过程中的全局收搜能力和局部收搜能力良好平衡,以达到快速收敛,高效避免早熟问题,获得最优解。对典型高维复杂函数的仿真表明：算法在求解质量和求解速度两方面都得到了好的结果。     

自适应混沌粒子群优化算法

粒子群优化算法在求解复杂函数时,存在收敛速度慢、求解精度不高、易陷入局部最优点等问题。为此,提出一种自适应混沌粒子群优化算法。在基本粒子群算法中引入混沌变量,当算法陷入早熟收敛时进行混沌搜索,同时引入非线性递减的惯性权重。实验结果表明,该算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的收敛精度,能有效避免早熟收敛问题。     

混沌混合粒子群算法应用于优化酯化反应神经网络模型

利用混沌映射的随机性和遍历性,将其引入粒子群优化算法,以提高算法的全局寻优能力,同时引入优进策略,以改善其局部寻优效率,在此基础上构建了混沌混合粒子群优化算法(CHPSO)。高维复杂函数的仿真优化试验表明,CHPSO全局寻优能力强、优化效率高。针对常规算法训练神经网络容易早熟收敛和陷入局部极值点的不足,采用CHPSO训练人工神经网络,由此构建CHPSO-NN模型,并应用于乙酸己酯催化酯化反应条件的建模,与BP-NN相比,其预测能力和稳健性都有较大提高,效果良好,与传统方法相比有明显的优越性。     

改进的量子遗传算法及应用

针对量子遗传算法在函数优化中迭代次数多,容易陷入局部最优解等缺点,提出新的量子遗传算法.该算法的核心是采用新的量子旋转门调整策略对种群进行更新操作,有效保证了种群的多样性,可以避免算法陷入局部最优解,提高了算法的全局寻优能力.同时能以更快的速度收敛于全局最优解.通过对典型复杂函数测试,计算结果表明,提出的算法优化质量和效率都要优于传统遗传算法和一般量子遗传算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.