空间遥感用InGaAs探测器低噪声电路系统设计

InGaAs短波红外探测器对于空间遥感有着重要应用价值。为了实现空间遥感仪器提出的高信噪比要求,首先要降低InGaAs探测器后端信号获取电路自身的噪声水平,其次利用热电制冷器对InGaAs探测器制冷,并通过连续式温度控制电路保证热电制冷器在温控过程中对探测器无干扰,使探测器稳定地工作在合适的温度点,这样才能满足仪器的信噪比要求。结果表明,信号获取电路与温度控制电路两部分有效结合,整个低噪声电路系统能明显提高仪器信噪比。     

非制冷焦平面热像仪温度控制设计

在分析法国ULIS公司生产的320×240长波红外非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面阵列探测器UL01011技术参数的基础上,论述了微测辐射热计非制冷红外焦平面热像仪温度控制的必要性,指出了温度控制设计的实质。并讨论了单片机、线性模式单芯片热电制冷器控制器和开关模式单芯片热电制冷器控制器温控方案的优缺点。提出了使用AD公司生产的全新单芯片热电制冷器控制器ADN8830的温控设计方案,以该芯片为核心设计出适合320×240长波红外非制冷微测辐射热计焦平面阵列探测器UL01011的温度控制电路,该电路能够把焦平面阵列温度变化控制在30±0.01℃范围内,使探测器工作在最佳温度。该方案功耗低、效率高、体积小,是一种较好的温控设计方案。     

星载多路短波红外探测器温控系统设计

主要针对星载多路短波红外探测器的温度要求设计了高精度在轨温度控制系统。首先,在对工作温度控制需求进行分析的基础上,提出了该系统短波红外探测器的温度高稳定性要求;其次设计了高稳定性温度采集电路、低噪声热控驱动电路,并且在FPGA芯片上基于开关控制算法,产生了脉宽调制信号;然后利用该脉宽调制信号控制热电制冷器的驱动电流,实现了在资源有限的条件下,温度控制高稳定度的要求。最终性能测试的结果表明,温控的精度可以达到±0.1°的高稳定度要求,满足该多路短波红外探测系统星载工作温度要求。     

半导体DFB激光器的自动温度控制

阐述了半导体热电制冷器（TEC）的工作原理,分析了线性驱动和脉冲宽度调制（PWM）驱动TEC的原理以及各自的特点,对Linear公司的热电制冷器控制芯片LTC1923作了介绍,讨论了基于LTC1923的半导体分布反馈式（DFB）激光器自动温度控制电路,并对实验和实际应用的结果进行了分析,给出了实测数据和波形。实验结果表明激光器中心波长变化范围为±5pm,对应管芯温度变化±0．05℃,说明温控电路可以有效地对激光器的工作温度进行控制。     

基于 MAX1968的 LD自动温度控制系统设计

LD(激光二极管)温度控制系统中,一般都通过驱动电路改变电流的方向以实现热电制冷器的加热或制冷。通常所采用的线性驱动电路效率低,精度不高而且存在死区问题。文中介绍一种热电制冷器驱动芯片MAX1968,它是一种高效开关型驱动器,直接电流驱动和双向操作实现无死区的温度控制,再通过选择适当的外围器件,整个系统温度稳定性可达到0.01℃。     

延伸波长InGaAs探测器封装用二级热电制冷器性能研究

真空封装技术是延伸波长InGaAs探测器的主要封装方法之一,热电制冷器可为延伸波长InGaAs探测器焦平面提供低温环境。测试了基于真空封装技术无热负载条件下二级热电制冷器的性能,研究了二级热电制冷器在不同输入电流(功率)时冷、热端温差与热负载的关系,测试了二级热电制冷器在低温工况下的制冷性能以及二级热电制冷器处于不工作状态时的表观热导率。结果表明,热沉温度为274 K时,冷端可以达到221.4 K并实现77.5 K的冷、热端温差;当输入电流一定时,随着热负载的增加,冷、热端温差呈线性趋势减小,且斜率随着输入电流增大而增大;二级热电制冷器冷、热端温差在较高温度时更大,即制冷性能更好;当温度分别为233.1 K 和249.8 K时,表观热导率分别为11.30 W/(m·K)和8.29 W/(m·K)。     

基于ADN8831实现红外单光子探测器的精密温度控制

分析了在红外通信波段对量子密钥分配的达到最好的探测效率和最小的暗计数,存在一个最佳工作温度;而且探测器噪声对温度相当敏感.介绍了基于ADN8831控制器控制半导体热电制冷器来实现红外单光子探测器的精密温度控制的方法.给出了ADN8831芯片的特点和应用电路.实验表明该电路控制精度可达±0.01℃.利用此精密温控电路来改变InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管的工作温度,得到几组不同温度下光电流、暗电流-电压特性曲线.     

384×288非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计

在分析了法国ULIS公司的384×288元的长波红外非制冷微测辐射热计UL03191结构、性能及工作参数的基础上,针对该探测器数字与模拟两种输出模式设计了基于CPLD驱动电路。通过使用所设计电路采集黑体辐射的光信号转换成12位灰度图像来测试电路工作性能、成像质量和噪声特点,比较两种模式的测试结果,得出采用数字输出模式设计的电路具有体积小、功耗低及成像噪声小等特点。同时,设计了基于ADN8830单芯片热电制冷器控制器的温度控制系统,该系统设置电压由CPLD控制,可实现焦平面阵列根据环境温度变化采用不同工作温度点工作,从而较好的改善探测器工作性能和成像质量,降低探测器功耗。     

640×512InGaAs探测器驱动电路设计

在介绍了640×512 InGaAs探测器工作原理的基础上,详细分析了InGaAs探测器驱动电路的组成原理、设计方法,重点是偏置电压电路、脉冲电压与控制信号驱动电路、探测器工作温度检测及控制电路的设计等关键技术.采用模拟PI温控电路保证了探测器内部制冷器在温控过程中对探测器无干扰,并能使探测器稳定地工作在合适的温度点,这样有利于提高仪器的信噪比.试验结果表明:该驱动电路满足系统要求,能用于工作温度比较宽的场合,并具有体积小、实用性好、可靠性高等特点.     

新型无TEC的非制冷IRFPA读出电路研究

为了降低非制冷红外焦平面阵列的功耗,研究了去除热电制冷器（TEC）等温度稳定装置的读出电路。通过对微测辐射热计的电阻温度特性的分析,设计了一种新型无需温度稳定装置的读出电路,该电路的Flash存储器存储不同温度下的校正系数,温度传感器实时检测探测器的环境温度,从Flash中取出相应的温度校正系数送入数模转换器(DAC),通过DAC的电压输出来控制探测器偏流以进行环境温度补偿。HSPICE模拟结果表明,电路输出与探测器工作的环境温度无关,系统的总功耗下降了80%,同时电路噪声保持在一个较低的水平。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks