坚持“外修内养”破解“两个在外”努力实现我国集成电路产业新突破

1集成电路产业“两个在外”的严峻现实
　　据海关总署统计，2013年中国进口集成电路2313.4亿美元，同比增长20.4%；2013年中国出口集成电路877亿美元，同比增长64.1%。进出口逆差1436.4亿美元。2014年中国进口集成电路2184亿美元，同比下降6.9%。出口集成电路610.9亿美元，同比下降31.4%。进出口逆差为1573.1亿美元，同比上升9.5%。中国台湾地区、韩国和马来西亚是我国内地集成电路进口来源的前3位。出口方面，中国香港、中国台湾地区和新加坡是国内集成电路出口市场的前3位。从进口来看，我国内地对进口集成电路需求较大且境外代工业务占相当比例。     

如何跨越"危局"这道坎?

1引言2004年,刚刚占据“半壁江山”的国产手机企业,遭遇了市场的“危局”。国内市场出现增幅下滑、利润缩水、运营困难的现象。出口企业主要以合资企业为主,国际市场举步维艰。据商务部统计,2004年1-7月我国手机出口额达到71.5亿美元,比去年同期增长104.9%;累计出口手机7341万部,同比增长55.9%。然后,进料加工贸易占据94%的份额,国外企业占据绝大多数,国产手机企业GSM手机出口量只占4%。以市场换技术的合资合作也多具波折,桑达与飞利浦合作结束的传言、波导与西门子、TCL与阿尔卡特等合资合作都传出不同程度的微词……“做大做强”,“走…     

太阳能产业的明天 依旧灿烂!——访Ferrotec(中国)总裁上海汉虹精密机械有限公司董事长 贺贤汉

作为新能源的太阳能曾经被炒作成一个金融产品,在中国经历了一轮畸形的发展。金融危机后,现在又回到了"原点",回归到它作为一般商业化项目的本质。现在中国的太阳能光伏产品95%以上供出口,接下来市场将会逐渐转移到国内。实际上,随着国家支持太阳能光伏产业政策的出台以及太阳能发电本身成本的下降,中国太阳能光伏发电企业将要面临的并不是"严寒",而是"春天"的到来。     

“走出去”的背后是什么？

在“走出去”的大背景下，1～4月份，我国电子信息产业进出口总额达到1100亿美元，其中出口568．2亿美元．同比增长56．8％，占全国外贸出口额的34．9％，其中程控交换机出口增长224．6％，手机出口增长达到100．5％，在行业内各主要产品中居前两位。“走出去”战略已经成为我国适应经济全球化趋势。进一步提高对外开放水平的重要手段。面对国内和国际两个市场、两种资源，我国电信运营企业和制造企业除了在国内电信市场上“与狼共舞”。还必须在国际电信市场上有所作为。本期”新闻关注”我们除了就电信运营企业和制造企业在“走出去”进程中所面临的问题专访了信息产业部电信研究院专家覃庆玲，还选取了华为在海外发展的成功经验与大家共同探讨。     

中国家电销量速览：国内市场受阻,出口超预期

今年六月份空调的国内销量下降而出口增加,与五月份同比增加65%相比,六月份出口销量同比激增89%。在经历了6月1日生效的能效补贴减少前的抢购之后,国内出货量同比下跌4%。总出货量同比增长28%,库存同比上升16%。尽管天气炎热,预计7月份国内市场在价格提升的情况下依然保持温和增长,     

工信部通报上半年我国光伏产业运行情况

工信部网站8月14日发布2013年上半年我国光伏产业运行情况,此前,2013年7月中旬,《国务院关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见》（国发[2013]24号,以下简称《意见》）已正式发布,并对规范光伏行业发展、扩大国内应用市场、推动产业转型升级等工作做了统筹部署。随着我国对美韩多晶硅“双反”初裁、中欧光伏“双反”和解方案初步达成、国内光伏市场加速启动等,产业发展外部环境不断改善,下半年我国光伏产业整体发展有望企稳回升。此外,据中国光伏产业联盟测算,预计2013年我国多晶硅产量约8万吨,电池组件产量将超23GW,新增光伏装机量将超8GW。     

国务院关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见（节选）

光伏产业是全球能源科技和产业的重要发展方向,是具有巨大发展潜力的朝阳产业,也是我国具有国际竞争优势的战略性新兴产业。我国光伏产业当前遇到的问题和困难,既是对产业发展的挑战,也是促进产业调整升级的契机,特别是光伏发电成本大幅下降,为扩大国内市场提供了有利条件。要坚定信心,抓住机遇,开拓创新,毫不动摇地推进光伏产业持续健康发展。
　　把扩大国内市场、提高技术水平、加快产业转型升级作为促进光伏产业持续健康发展的根本出路和基本立足点,建立适应国内市场的光伏产品生产、销售和服务体系,形成有利于产业持续健康发展的法规、政策、标准体系和市场环境。2013-2015年,年均新增光伏发电装机容量1000万千瓦左右,到2015年总装机容量达到3500万千瓦以上。加快企业兼并重组,淘汰产品质量差、技术落后的生产企业,培育一批具有较强技术研发能力和市场竞争力的龙头企业。加快技术创新和产业升级,提高多晶硅等原材料自给能力和光伏电池制造技术水平,显著降低光伏发电成本,提高光伏产业竞争力。保持光伏产品在国际市场的合理份额,对外贸易和投融资合作取得新进展。     

2011年6月冰箱零售市场月度简评

一、总体市场:冰箱同比增长仍然维持低位2011年6月冰箱产品同比增速仍然在低位徘徊,据奥维咨询(AVC)零售监测数据显示,6月国内冰箱零售市场零售量环比下降9.3%,同比增长0.6%;零售额环比下降14.5%,同比增长1.9%。同比增速虽有所回升但仍维持低位,宏观环境的偏负面因素及消费需求的不振,使得整个冰箱行业高增长...     

2016-2017年中国光伏回顾与展望

2016年,我国光伏产业延续了去年以来的回暖态势,新增装机达到34.54GW,累计装机容量77.42GW,新增和累计装机容量均为全球第一.在国内、国际市场强劲增长的拉动下,光伏企业海外布局加速,光伏企业的"走出去"步伐也在不断加快,技术水平不断进步,企业利润率得到提升.展望2017年,在政策引导和市场驱动下,我国光伏新增装机量约为28GW,分布式光伏将迎来爆发,光伏跨行业融合进一步推进,出口市场更加多元化,新技术与产品开发活跃,但光伏制造业融资难、融资贵,补贴拖欠、弃光限电和光伏电站用地等问题仍然困扰着光伏产业,仍待破解.     

加码超级电容 江海股份抢占市场的卡位之举

正江海股份发展思路清晰,目前已经形成三大产品集群——铝电解电容向高端工业类发展;薄膜电容的新能源下游应用市场广大(轨道交通、新能源汽车、光伏等);超级电容业务将明显提升公司的成长性及盈利前景。2014年,公司收入将主要依靠铝电解电容、薄膜、固体高分子电容等传统业务。根据公司近期发布的业绩报告显示,2013年全年实现营业收入10.6亿元,同比增长9.83%;营业利润1.57亿元,同比增长47.89%,利润总额1.65亿元,同比增长42.79%;净利润1.30亿元,同比增长33.31%,EPS为0.63元。公司业绩大增主要是公司毛利率的提升。一方面成本下降,电价下降和电容器用主要材料化成箔等成本大幅下降,另一方     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.