基于改进型批决策与调度建模的生产计划调度系统的研究

热轧型钢生产工艺复杂,其生产中极易出现由于计划调度安排不当而产生的交货期延误、库存超负荷等问题。针对以上问题研究设计了MES生产计划调度系统,改进了批决策调度策略用于数学建模,利用自适应遗传算法求解生产调度计划。以此为基础,为某热轧企业设计实现了生产计划调度系统,并通过真实的热轧型钢订单、原料、设备等数据,对模型改进前后的计划编制方法进行模拟与比较,验证了利用该改进型批决策与调度模型编制的热轧型钢生产调度计划可节省生产时间、降低设备调度时间,以此来指导热轧型钢的生产可切实减少交货延误和减少库存占用率,并提高企业利润率。     

基于改进型遗传算法的热轧生产计划调度系统

针对热轧型钢生产计划编制的约束条件复杂、易延误交货期、不易寻求最优解等问题,采用面向可拆分订单的批策略思想建立了新的生产计划模型,并针对新模型改进了遗传算法,提出了拆分染色体遗传算法.结合某钢铁企业实例,在建立基于批决策与批调度热轧数学模型、列举实际生产约束条件之后,阐明了此种新算法的应用过程,并且通过不同的订单数据进行模拟计算和结果比较,证明了该模型及算法得出的生产计划可节省生产时间、降低设备调度、减少交货延误,以此来指导热轧型钢的生产,可切实提高企业利润率.     

混合算法在钢构企业生产调度系统中的应用

针对钢构企业生产调度约束复杂、寻优困难等问题,提出了多目标生产调度的生产调度模型,并利用蚁群遗传混合算法求解生产调度计划。以某钢结构企业设计实现的生产管理系统为依托,研究了生产调度系统的执行情况,通过不同方法进行模拟计算和比较,验证了该多目标生产调度模型的解可节省生产时间,从而指导钢结构生产以提高效率。     

转包商选择与单机批调度联合优化

面向多转包商的外包选择是当今制造企业面临的一大运营管理挑战.它与内部作业调度的一体化决策对企业降本增效至关重要.本文针对有多个转包商可供作业外包选择的单机批调度联合优化问题,在外包总成本和外包作业最晚交付期均受上限前提下建立以最小化外包总成本与内部批加工总成本之和为目标的0-1整数规划模型,并为该问题设计了改进型遗传算法和贪婪算法.以某陶瓷企业的外包与批调度联合决策场景为实例,对比分析了这两种算法的求解性能,发现改进型遗传算法在求解质量和时间上具有比较优势.在模型的灵敏度实验分析中发现,外包作业最晚交付期对作业运营总成本有显著影响,而作业外包总成本的给定上限值对作业运营总成本的影响不显著.     

冶铸轧一体化生产下动态调度策略和方法研究

为了解决冶铸轧一体化生产过程中的动态调度问题,以保证冶铸轧一体化生产稳定顺行。首先,通过分析炼钢生产过程中的扰动,提出了基于扰动处理的冶铸轧一体化生产下动态调度策略。之后,将动态调度策略归结为:计划延迟和LF炉处理策略;钢种改判、钢水回炉以及产品问题处理策略;设备替换处理策略。基于三类处理策略分别介绍了启发式规则和机器冲突消解模型、计划优化模型和智能优化算法以及设备替换算法等处理方法。最后对实际生产中常见的"追加计划"进行了仿真,仿真系统分别对炼钢-连铸计划以及热轧和加热炉计划进行了动态调度,结果表明系统能够依据扰动,动态调整生产计划,保证生产稳定顺行。     

炼钢—热轧一体化计划问题研究

基于一体化管理思想，对炼钢、连铸和热轧计划模型进行了研究．在炼钢、连铸和热轧计划的基础上，建立了炉次─板坯─轧制单元一体化批量计划模型，并最终形成炼钢—热轧一体化生产调度．最后给出了炼钢—热轧一体化调度的解决方法．     

最小化碳排放的可持续机器调度问题

针对单机器生产系统、允许在生产间歇开关机器的可持续调度问题,以最小化碳排放为目标建立数学规划模型,同时对机器的开关机和产品的生产计划进行决策.利用动态规划算法对模型进行求解分析,提出阶段决策最优性条件,并给出精确算法.通过模拟算例和企业案例的计算分析表明,利用所提出的可持续调度方法可以显著减少生产过程中的碳排放.     

面向流程工业的批在线调度问题

从钢铁生产热轧流程中提炼出了在同构并行机上的批在线调度问题,它是流程工业中MES的重要环节。从理论上给出算法并研究了算法的性能。工件以批的形式到达,目标函数是使工件的最大完成时间最小。当一个批到达时,将这一批中的工件分成若干组,要求在同一组中的工件可以具有不同的开始加工时间但必须具有相同的完成时间。通过将批调度与在线调度的结合,给出了最坏情况比（竞争率）分别为m／（1＋（m-1）ε）,m（1-ε）／（1-ε）,m／（1＋gε）的批在线调度算法。     

钢铁企业集成化生产调度模型的研究

为了解决钢铁企业生产因缺乏整体生产调度计划造成的宏观调控和实时监控等方面次序混乱的问题,提出了分阶段、以关键生产阶段调度为核心、基于规则的分型生产调度模型,并对如何运用该模型实现集成调度进行了分析,最后对该模型在企业实际项目中的应用进行了概要介绍。应用结果表明,该调度模型对协调分厂间的生产、平衡生产物流、缩短生产周期起到了重要作用,实现了钢铁企业生产调度的整体优化。     

基于混合遗传算法的热轧生产调度优化方法

热轧生产调度是一个复杂的约束组合优化问题，其生产约束包括连续轧制板坯的宽度、厚度和硬度跳变要求，轧制单元的最大长度，产品库存及交货期等。基于多旅行商模型，建立了热轧生产批量调度问题的优化模型，并提出一种混合遗传算法（遗传算法、局部搜索）求解该问题。通过应用串行边重组和并行边重组的遗传交叉算子，算法在优化过程中可以很好地处理调度约束。针对工业数据的仿真结果证明该调度模型和混合遗传算法的并行求解策略可以有效地解决热轧生产批量调度问题。     

Lessons learned for building agile and flexible scheduling tool for turbulent environments in the extended enterprise

This paper presents results of a 2.5-year, multidisciplinary, university–industry collaborative effort investigating design of “Internet-based Scheduler for material Optimisation and agile ProducTion In MUlti-Site enterprises in agile manufacturing” (IS-OPTIMUS), a four nation collaborative project aimed at improvements in turbulent manufacturing environments. The focus of this paper is specifically on the content of the work carried out, along with the main benefits and results. Key to achieving the goals is following a complete project-life-cycle path from the initial stages where the industrial users requirements were identified and the system specification took place to the development and tuning of the final system. Design choices for software must strike a balance between the user flexibility required and the representing environment constraints, i.e. finite capacity scheduling, which takes production requirements from existing production planning systems, to schedule production resources like plant workers, critical tools and machines. The system consists of a material optimiser working closely with the finite capacity scheduler and a dynamic scheduler providing automatic reaction to real-time exceptions, thus deriving in solutions of higher performance.     

全球化背景下的制造业生产调度体系探讨

面对客户随机需求,制造业生产调度系统应促进生产的快速性、动态性和敏捷性。论文以制造业生产调度体系为研究对象,从生产车间调度的目标、方法、手段、资源等基本要素入手,总结了传统生产调度系统在实际生产中的问题,并概括了系统集成视角下的生产调度方法及其改进措施,介绍了不确定条件下生产调度策略及评价指标。运用系统集成的思想,探讨了供需链环境下的制造业生产调度系统模式,最终提出了生产调度系统的集成化、动态化、高效智能化、柔性化和排程可视化等发展方向。     

一种基于仿真模式的生产调度管理方法

针对半导体制造行业，提出了一种仿真调度方法来辅助调度员进行生产作业计划的编制，系统的实用性占据首要地位。方法采用了人机交互策略，使得调度员能够实时地监控车间设备的生产情况，方便对各台设备进行任务分配，并能形象地仿真调度结果。     

MAS技术在生产调度研究中的应用

对MAS技术在生产调度领域中的研究成果进行分析，归纳出MASS的基本特征和系统框架，按照不同的技术路线将MASS分成实体型MASS和过程型MASS两大类，并对两大类MASS的代理定义，系统结构和主要代理协商策略等进行具体分析，同时对两类系统的特点做了比较，最后展望了MAS研究的未来发展趋势。     

On the importance of sequencing decisions in production planning and scheduling

We discuss the traditional hierarchical approach to production planning and scheduling, emphasizing the fact that scheduling constraints are often either ignored or considered in a very crude way. In particular, we underline that the way scheduling is carried out is crucial for the capacity constraints on the lot sizes. Usual methods to handle capacity in theory or in practice are reviewed. Finally, we present an approach that tries to overcome these drawbacks by capturing the shop–floor capacity through scheduling considerations.     

Cut scheduling in the apparel industry

A problem encountered in the apparel industry is that of producing, with no excess, a known number of different styles from the same cloth. This situation occurs, for instance, in the case of special order or made-to-order garments. In the cutting process, plies of cloth are spread on a cutting table, and several patterns are placed across the top ply. Cutting out the patterns through all plies creates a set of bundles of garment pieces, and several such lays may be required to satisfy all demands. The cut scheduling problem concerns finding a feasible cutting schedule having the minimum number of lays. We present an exact enumerative approach that identifies all optimal solutions to a practically important variant of this problem. The availability of multiple solutions allows greater flexibility and permits decision makers to apply additional criteria in selecting an appropriate cutting schedule. Computational evidence shows that our approach can efficiently solve standard test problems from the literature as well as some very challenging examples provided by a global garment manufacturer.     

A knowledge based system for the integrated design and manufacture of round broach tools

A complete knowledge based procedure for the design and manufacture of a round hole broach tool is described. The knowledge based design system (KBDS) produces a tool specification from user inputs describing the task to be performed. These design results are then used by the knowledge base to generate a geometric CAD/CAM representation, which can be utilized directly to display a drawing of the tool or to generate a CNC program for producing it. The process of formulating a knowledge-based design system demonstrates: the integration of expertise from experts, handbooks and theory; the awareness of restrictions on the scope of design that can be handled by a given system: the use of failure handling mechanisms to detect design failures and either adjust the emerging design or indicate infeasibility.     

Optimal traffic flow schedules in a semi-parallel tree network

Scheduling of traffic through a tree-structured model under a semi-parallel constraint is considered. The problem of finding the optimal root without resort to exhaustive search is studied. Several sufficient conditions to exclude a node as a optimal root candidate are presented.