改进的图像自适应梯度插值

传统的图像插值算法存在边缘模糊和边缘锯齿,已有改进算法改善了插值图像质量,但存在斜边缘锯齿或局部扭曲变形等问题。为解决上述问题,提出了改进的图像自适应梯度插值。该方法首先根据图像的局部不对称性和局部梯度特征在1维方向上修正插值点空间距离,并将1维修正结果合并到2维空间,然后将修正的空间距离应用到传统的插值算法中。实验结果表明,该方法改善了插值图像的峰值信噪比,有效保护了图像在各个方向上的边缘信息。     

基于预测梯度的图像插值算法

提出一种新的非线性图像插值算法,称为基于预测梯度的图像插值（Image interpolation with predicted gradients,PGI）.首先沿用现有的边缘对比度引导的图像插值（Contrast-guided image interpolation,CGI）算法思想对低分辨率图像中的边缘进行扩散处理,然后预测高分辨率图像中未知像素的性质,最后对边缘像素采用一维有方向的插值,对非边缘像素采用二维无方向的插值.与通常的非线性图像插值算法相比,新算法对图像边缘信息的理解更为完善.与CGI算法相比,由于梯度预测策略的使用,PGI算法能够更有效地确定未知像素的相关性质（是否为边缘像素,以及是边缘像素时其边缘方向）.实验结果表明,PGI算法无论在视觉效果还是客观性测评指标方面均优于现有的图像插值算法.此外,在对彩色图像进行插值时,本文将通常的RGB颜色空间转化为Lab颜色空间,不仅减少了伪彩色的生成,而且降低了算法的时间复杂度.     

纹理细节和边缘结构保持的图像插值算法

针对图像重建过程中产生的边缘结构被破坏和纹理细节丢失问题,提出一种纹理细节和边缘结构保持的图像插值算法。首先,采用自适应阈值的八方向边缘检测划分图像区域;其次,构造双变量有理函数模型,它可在有理模型和多项式模型之间转换;最后,提出基于边缘数据的局部不对称性和梯度特征调整待插值点空间距离的方法,调整边缘部分待插值点坐标并代入有理模型实现插值,而非边缘部分采用多项式模型插值。实验表明,该算法的峰值信噪比平均提升了0.48~2.17 dB,结构相似性平均提升了0.004~0.028,获得了较高的客观评价数据。该算法将原空间距离不变的插值修正为空间距离变化的插值,有效地保持了图像的边缘结构和纹理细节,使得重建结果具有较好的视觉效果。     

基于边缘最大相关性的快速图像插值算法

处理视频、网络信号要求有较好的视觉质量和较低的算法复杂度、运算量。传统的图像插值算法会产生细节模糊和边缘锯齿化,为此,提出了一种基于图像边缘多方向最大相关性的快速数字图像插值算法。为了得到高分辨率图像相关信息,根据图像空间域内多个方向邻近像素点的相关特性,利用与待内插值点相邻6个降采样像素值。实验证明,该算法降低了运算复杂度,有效地保持了边缘信息,得到了视觉质量较好的插值图像。     

基于边缘信息改进的双线性插值算法

针对传统双线性插值算法插值时未考虑图像边缘信息,致使放大后图像出现模糊效应的特点,提出基于边缘信息的插值算法。该算法利用边缘检测及自适应门限划分出原始图像中的“边缘点”及“非边缘点”,引入“灰度补偿”参数增加了边缘邻接插值点与非边缘邻接插值点间的灰度差,利用边缘点的“边缘方向”特性,判定待插值点是否位于放大图像的边缘上,对位于边缘上的待插值点利用边缘信息插值,恢复了使用传统双线性插值时断裂的边缘。大量的仿真实验证明该算法在一定程度上抑制了放大后图像边缘模糊的效应,改善了放大图像的视觉效果。     

一种改进的局部自适应数字图像放大算法

传统的插值算法通常会使目标图像边缘模糊,而基于2×2或4×4邻域的局部自适应算法虽然能保持图像边缘特征,但算法一般过于复杂,不便于硬件实现。提出的改进算法不仅对LAZA算法流程进行优化,而且使用中值滤波代替分类加权平均算法,既提高算法效率,也能保持图像的边缘特征。实验结果表明该算法在放大采用双三次内插获取的1/2图像有更好的效果,并利用边缘图像相关系数进一步验证该算法在保持图像的边缘特征方面优于传统插值算法。     

基于小波的改进加权抛物线插值的图像超分辨率算法

为了尽可能地保持图像的基本信息,提高图像的视觉效果和空间分辨率, 提出一种基于小波的改进加权抛物线插值算法,即在传统的加权抛物线算法上增加插值的误 差补偿项。利用sobel 算子设定插值点的边缘方向,得到初始放大图像。利用小波变换提取 高频成份,原始图像幅值增强充当低频部分,再经过小波逆变换得到高分辨率图像。实验结 果表明,相对于传统的图像放大算法,该算法考虑到全局相关性,得到更加清晰的边缘信息。     

一种用于单CCD图像传感器的图像插值算法

由于物理结构的限制,单CCD图像传感器在每个像素位置上只能采集一个颜色分量,其余两个颜色分量只能通过插值的办法得到。提出一种在色差空间进行插值的算法,利用具有比例线性关系的局部颜色特性和局部协方差求得最小均方误差意义下的最优插值系数。所获取的该插值系数具有边缘细节保持性,同时色差空间的插值又考虑了不同颜色分量间的耦合性,因而有效地抑制了图像边缘的模糊和颜色失真。实验结果表明,该算法可获得高质量的插值图像。     

基于误差修正的自适应边缘保持图像插值

传统插值算法容易产生细节模糊和边缘锯齿效应,而边缘是图像的重要信息,直接影响插值图像的视觉效果。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于误差修正的自适应边缘保持插值算法。首先将原图像向插值图像进行映射,再定义一个3×3的滑动窗口,用水平和垂直两个模板确定边缘类型,根据边缘类型进行插值,最后对仍未定义像素点用插值误差定理进行处理,总体上对所有像素都进行了分情况插值处理。实验结果表明,本算法有效地保持了图像的边缘信息,能够获得视觉质量较好的插值图像,且算法比较简单,容易实现。     

基于误差修正的自适应边缘保持图像插值

传统插值算法容易产生细节模糊和边缘锯齿效应,而边缘是图像的重要信息,直接影响插值图像的视觉效果.为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于误差修正的自适应边缘保持插值算法.首先将原图像向插值图像进行映射,再定义一个3×3的滑动窗口,用水平和垂直两个模板确定边缘类型,根据边缘类型进行插值,最后对仍未定义像素点用插值误差定理进行处理,总体上对所有像素都进行了分情况插值处理.实验结果表明,本算法有效地保持了图像的边缘信息,能够获得视觉质量较好的插值图像,且算法比较简单,容易实现.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。