一种具有自适应机制的闪存数据库索引结构

针对闪存数据库系统索引技术中基于日志更新策略存在的检索效率低、日志空间分配不合理及合并带来的高昂更新代价等问题,提出一种具有自适应机制的索引结构LM-B+TREE。LM-B+TREE将索引的更新缓冲页映射于传统B+TREE的相应节点,并根据闪存索引的读写负载及读写代价差异,动态地分配缓冲更新区,自适应地调整索引架构。实验证明LM-B+TREE能够动态地调整索引架构来适应索引的读写负载代价,在减少索引更新代价的同时,有效地提高了索引的查询性能。     

闪存环境下B+树索引重访

闪存容量的增大使在其上构建大型系统成为可能,如何构建闪存数据库也成为数据库的热点研究领域之一。索引结构是数据库中必不可少的结构之一,而B+树是最广泛使用的索引结构。这里对存储在闪存芯片模拟器及固态硬盘上的B+树性能进行了测试及分析。首先介绍了闪存的IO特点,并测试了固态硬盘的基本IO特性。接着,对B+树的插入和查询效率进行了详细地测试。测试发现节点大小,缓存大小,以及数据值的分布方式都会对B+树的性能带来很大影响。例如由于闪存的读取速度不对称,闪存的更新和查询操作最优块大小相差较大。这些测试结果为更好地在闪存上使用B+树索引,并进一步设计出更适合闪存的索引提供了指导。     

LD_B~+树:闪存系统上一种DBMS索引结构

以往的研究大多针对文件系统,而DBMS存在更多细粒度的更新.本文综合考虑闪存自身的特点、设备种类繁多及不同闪存设备读写特性差别大等,提出了一种基于闪存的DBMS索引结构:LD_B+树.LD_B+树根据工作负载的读写特性动态地调节索引模式使之能够适应于不同种类的闪存设备.LD_B+树采用日志结构组织结点,通过结点转换表和日志缓冲区维护索引结构.模拟实验结果表明,不同闪存设备及工作负载下,LD_B+索引结构比B+树和日志型B+树(BFTL)具有6%-63%的性能提高.     

闪存数据库系统中一种高效的自适应存储模式

使用闪存作为存储介质成为提高数据库系统性能的一条新途径,为了解决闪存数据库系统存储管理技术中基于日志的更新策略存在查询效率低、日志区空间分配不合理、索引更新代价高等问题,提出了基于Bloom Filter的最新版本预测算法,引入记录定位器结构,提出日志概要结构和基于闪存更新查询代价评估模型的自适应机制。实验证明,该方法能够自适应地划分合理的日志区空间,有效提高查询性能,减少各种非聚集索引的更新代价。     

一种针对时空数据设计的时态索引

因为时空数据库庞大的体积,索引的搜索效率问题在时空数据库中显得非常重要。虽然前人提出的时态索引结构能够提高搜索效率,然而他们的搜索树都存在重叠问题,严重影响了时空对象的时态搜索效率。针对时空数据库中具有时态特性的时空对象,笔者借鉴R+树的原理,在文中提出了一种基于二维时态属性的索引机制—TR+树。它没有重叠问题,相对于前人的研究,TR+树提高了时间检索的性能,并且可以降低时空数据库系统的复杂度。     

一种T-树的优化设计与实现方法

在以往的索引结构中,T 树索引不具有良好的缓存性能及高效的更新效率,为此,给出一种 T-树的优化设计方法。根据缓存结构布局的技术,对T树节点结构进行重新设计,添加前驱和后继指针,增强T树的缓存性能和范围查询能力。在更新溢出处理时,节点之间转移多个数据,减少数据溢出和树失衡的机会,提高 T树的更新性能。实验结果表明,该方法在查询以及更新操作上有更好的性能,可节约18%左右的内存空间。     

轻量级缓存策略的关系型数据库全文搜索加强与扩展

针对关系型数据库（RDB）现有的全文搜索方案存在的效率低下、资源占用高的问题，提出一种具有增强式辅助缓存的轻量级关系型数据库全文搜索模型。首先，该模型构建基于Redis的倒排索引，并利用缓存索引缩小搜索范围，从而用内存高效的数据处理能力解决关系型数据库I/O瓶颈，并提升系统整体性能；其次，为保证搜索结果的准确性和时效性，进一步提出索引同步策略，而且设计并实现了增量索引组件来隐藏索引处理细节，从而提高模型的易用性和通用性；最后，对于热点数据提供一种基于访问热度的索引更新机制，以降低倒排索引的内存占用。实验结果表明，所提模型在保证关系型数据库全文搜索响应速度和准确度的前提下，空间资源消耗比MySQL全文索引降低了48.8%～60.9%，比Elasticsearch降低了85.2%～96.2%，证明所提模型在实际应用中可行且有效。     

面向大数据流的分布式索引构建

大数据流的高效存储与索引是当今数据领域的一大难点.面向带有时间属性的数据流,根据其时间属性,将数据流划分为连续的时间窗口,提出了基于双层B+树的分布式索引结构WB-Index.下层B+树索引基于窗口内流数据构建,索引构建过程结合基于排序的批量构建技术,进一步对时间窗口分片,将数据流接收、分片数据排序以及B+树构建并行化,提高了构建性能.上层B+树索引基于各时间窗口构建,结合时间窗口时间戳的递增性和无限性,提出了避免节点分裂的构建方法,减少了B+树分裂移动开销,提高了空间利用率和更新效率.WB-Index架构中,将流数据和索引分离,同时利用内存缓存尽可能多的双层B+索引和热点数据来提高查询性能.理论和实验结果表明,该分布式索引架构能够支持高效的实时数据流写入以及流数据查询,能够很好地应用于具有时间属性的数据流场景.     

HFS+删除文件恢复技术

随着MAC OS的广泛使用,MAC OS的取证技术得到了取证专家的高度重视。删除文件恢复技术一直是取证技术中的一项重要内容,HFS+文件系统作为目前MAC OS的主流文件系统,其删除文件的恢复技术更是数据恢复专家研究的重点。目前,HFS+删除文件的恢复主要是日志型数据的恢复,即基于日志中存储的B树中的叶子节点信息进行恢复。该方法具有快速、精确的特点。但是,该方法忽略了日志中存储的索引节点信息,因此恢复效果不是很理想。文章提出了一种快速、精确的HFS+删除文件的恢复技术,该技术不仅可以快速地恢复出被删除的文件,并且和现有的从日志中进行恢复的算法相比还可以恢复出更多的删除文件。     

海量NAT日志检索优化索引算法的研究与应用

设计高效搜索算法往往需要使用hash链表,常数级的查找速度是任何别的算法都无法比拟的。根据海量NAT日志的文本结构特点,将hash链表的思想应用到海量NAT文本数据的检索、统计与分析中,并从提高执行效率、改善空间利用率方面提出了hash链表树和双精度hash表的改进优化索引算法,将其应用到具体的NAT日志检索,实现了快速搜索定位的目标。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.