基于多类指数损失函数逐步添加模型的改进多分类AdaBoost算法

多类指数损失函数逐步添加模型（SAMME）是一种多分类的AdaBoost算法,为进一步提升SAMME算法的性能,针对使用加权概率和伪损失对算法的影响进行研究,在此基础上提出了一种基于基分类器对样本有效邻域分类的动态加权AdaBoost算法SAMME.RD。首先,确定是否使用加权概率和伪损失;然后,求出待测样本在训练集中的有效邻域;最后,根据基分类器针对有效邻域的分类结果确定基分类器的加权系数。使用UCI数据集进行验证,实验结果表明：使用真实的错误率计算基分类器加权系数效果更好;在数据类别较少且分布平衡时,使用真实概率进行基分类器筛选效果较好;在数据类别较多且分布不平衡时,使用加权概率进行基分类器筛选效果较好。所提的SAMME.RD算法可以有效提高多分类AdaBoost算法的分类正确率。     

一种用于不平衡数据分类的改进AdaBoost算法

真实世界中存在大量的类别不平衡分类问题,传统的机器学习算法如AdaBoost算法,关注的是分类器的整体性能,而没有给予小类更多的关注。因此针对类别不平衡学习算法的研究是机器学习的一个重要方向。AsymBoost作为AdaBoost的一种改进算法,用于类别不平衡学习时,牺牲大类样本的识别精度来提高小类样本的分类性能。AsymBoost算法依然可能遭遇样本权重过大造成的过适应问题。据此提出了一种新型的AdaBoost改进算法。该方法通过对大类中分类困难样本的权重和标签进行处理,使分类器能够同时获得较好的查准率和查全率。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高在不平衡数据集上的分类性能。     

多分类问题代价敏感AdaBoost算法

针对目前多分类代价敏感分类问题在转换成二分类代价敏感分类问题存在的代价合并问题, 研究并构造出了可直接应用于多分类问题的代价敏感AdaBoost算法.算法具有与连续AdaBoost算法 类似的流程和误差估计. 当代价完全相等时, 该算法就变成了一种新的多分类的连续AdaBoost算法, 算法能够确保训练错误率随着训练的分类器的个数增加而降低, 但不直接要求各个分类器相互独立条件, 或者说独立性条件可以通过算法规则来保证, 但现有多分类连续AdaBoost算法的推导必须要求各个分类器相互独立. 实验数据表明, 算法可以真正实现分类结果偏向错分代价较小的类, 特别当每一类被错分成其他类的代价不平衡但平均代价相等时, 目前已有的多分类代价敏感学习算法会失效, 但新方法仍然能 实现最小的错分代价. 研究方法为进一步研究集成学习算法提供了一种新的思路, 得到了一种易操作并近似满足分类错误率最小的多标签分类问题的AdaBoost算法.     

基于多分类AdaBoost改进算法的TEE标准切面分类

针对超声图像样本冗余、不同标准切面因疾病导致的高度相似性、感兴趣区域定位不准确问题,提出一种结合特征袋（BOF）特征、主动学习方法和多分类AdaBoost改进算法的经食管超声心动图（TEE）标准切面分类方法。首先采用BOF方法对超声图像进行描述;然后采用主动学习方法选择对分类器最有价值的样本作为训练集;最后,在AdaBoost算法对弱分类器的迭代训练中,根据临时强分类器的分类情况调整样本更新规则,实现对多分类AdaBoost算法的改进和TEE标准切面的分类。在TEE数据集和三个UCI数据集上的实验表明,相比AdaBoost.SAMME算法、多分类支持向量机（SVM）算法、BP神经网络和AdaBoost.M2算法,所提算法在各个数据集上的G-mean指标、整体分类准确率和大多数类别分类准确率都有不同程度的提升,且比较难分的类别分类准确率提升最为显著。实验结果表明,在包含类间相似样本的数据集上,分类器的性能有显著提升。     

一种移动网络视频流U-vMOS分类算法

针对传统分类算法无法有效解决高度不平衡移动网络视频流U-vMOS分类问题,提出基于代价敏感(cost-sensitive)思想改进AdaBoost算法构造U-vMOS分类器,在迭代过程中,于样本权重更新环节引人代价敏感因子,增加对少数类(mi-nority)关注,最终 U-vMOS 分类器获得优秀 的查准率和查全率.实验结果表明,在数据非均衡条件下,改进AdaBoost算法F-Measure值和稳定性明显优于其它算法,能够为运营商和视频产业链提升用户体验给出有用的指导建议.     

改进的AdaBoost算法与SVM的组合分类器

提出了一种改进的AdaBoost算法与支持向量机组合的分类方法,用来处理多类别分类。采用规则抽样来解决支持向量机分类中正负样本的不平衡性,改进AdaBoost算法,使其在初始化时考虑样本分布稀疏的重要性,有利于稀有类样本的正确划分。实验结果表明,此方法与标准支持向量机分类器相比,泛化性能有一定程度的提高。     

基于基分类器系数和多样性的改进AdaBoost算法

针对传统AdaBoost算法的基分类器线性组合效率低以及过适应的问题,提出了一种基于基分类器系数与多样性的改进算法——WD AdaBoost。首先,根据基分类器的错误率与样本权重的分布状态,给出新的基分类器系数求解方法,以提高基分类器的组合效率;其次,在基分类器的选择策略上,WD AdaBoost算法引入双误度量以增加基分类器间的多样性。在五个来自不同实际应用领域的数据集上,与传统AdaBoost算法相比,CeffAda算法使用新的基分类器系数求解方法使测试误差平均降低了1.2个百分点;同时,WD AdaBoost算法与WLDF_Ada、AD_Ada、sk_AdaBoost等算法相对比,具有更低的错误率。实验结果表明,WD AdaBoost算法能够更高效地集成基分类器,抵抗过拟合,并可以提高分类性能。     

基于不平衡分类的人脸检测系统

人脸检测是生物特征识别技术中一个关键技术。针对人脸检测中正负样本类别不平衡的特性,提出基于BalanceCascade不平衡分类算法的人脸检测系统。系统通过控制分类器的误报率使得每层正负样本的规模相当,然后加权所有弱分类器构建最终的强分类器,消除训练正负样本不平衡的特点。在ORL人脸数据集上进行实验,采用F-measure和AUC作为评判标准,相比于传统的AdaBoost和UnderSamping不平衡分类算法,实验结果表明BalanceCascade算法优于传统的不平衡分类算法。     

一种面向不平衡数据的结构化SVM集成分类器

为改进面向不平衡数据的SVM分类器性能,以结构化SVM为基础,提出一种基于代价敏感的结构化支持向量机集成分类器模型.该模型首先通过训练样本的聚类,得到隐含在数据中的结构信息,并对样本进行初始加权.运用AdaBoost策略对各样本的权重进行动态调整,适当增大少数类样本的权重,使小类中误分的样本代价增大,以此来改进不平衡数据的分类性能.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高不平衡数据的分类性能.     

基于级联结构AdaBoost的入侵检测算法

根据级联结构的特征,针对入侵检测问题改进AdaBoost算法。改进的AdaBoost算法对参数求解方法、初始权值和判决阈值都进行调整,使弱分类器的加权参数不但与错误率有关,还与其对异常样本的识别能力有关。该算法能够有效地降低分类器的误警率,使其更适用于入侵检测,仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。