基于群智能-一致性理论的无人机编队全过程飞行航迹规划方法

针对无人机编队执行任务全过程飞行规划问题,提出一种基于多步粒子群优化的无人机编队航迹规划算法.首先,对无人机和执行任务策略进行建模,将编队执行任务全过程划分为编队成形、执行任务、返航、解散和无人机降落5个阶段,设计不同阶段的飞行策略;其次,针对不同的终端约束条件,设计多类多层优化指标,提出多步粒子群算法,并引入模型预测控制滚动优化航路点,得到适用于不同阶段的能严格满足约束条件的航路规划方法;然后,建立旋转坐标系,将航路点信息转换为编队控制律中的理想航向和高度信息,得到能通过航路点的编队控制算法;最后,利用编队控制算法去执行航路规划方法给出的航路点,生成航迹,得到编队航迹规划算法.仿真结果表明,所提规划方法比传统方法更适用于编队飞行,能为编队规划执行任务全过程的平滑航迹,具有良好的通用性.     

未知环境下机器人路径规划的粒子群优化

研究了全局静态环境未知时机器人的路径规划问题,提出了一种新颖的基于粒子群算法的滚动规划算法。该方法在机器人视野域内产生若干个同心圆进行环境建模,然后利用粒子群优化算法规划出一条导航路径,机器人每前进一步,都由粒子群优化算法重新规划导航路径,因此,机器人前进路径不断动态修改,从而能使机器人沿一条全局优化的路径接近终点。仿真实验结果表明,即使在障碍物非常复杂的地理环境,用该算法也能迅速规划出一条优化路径,且能安全避碰,效果令人满意。     

多无人机自适应编队协同航迹规划

针对多无人机(UAV)协同航迹规划中因编队队形约束而忽略部分较窄通道的问题,提出了一种基于自适应分布式模型预测控制的快速粒子群优化(ADMPC-FPSO)方法。该方法利用领航跟随法和虚拟结构法相结合的编队策略构造出虚拟编队引导点,以完成自适应编队协同控制任务。根据模型预测控制的思想,结合分布式控制方法,将协同航迹规划转化为滚动在线优化问题,且以最小距离等性能指标为代价函数。通过设计评价函数准则,使用变权重快速粒子群优化算法对问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,通过所提算法能够有效实现多无人机协同航迹规划,并可根据环境变化快速完成自适应编队变换,同时较传统编队策略代价更低。     

基于混沌粒子群优化的约束状态反馈预测控制算法

提出一种基于混沌粒子群优化的约束状态反馈预测控制算法,用于解决带有输入约束和状态约束的控制问题.将混沌粒子群优化引入到约束状态反馈预测控制的滚动优化过程中,增强了算法在约束范围内的局部搜索和全局搜索能力.通过对一个实际的带有约束的线性离散系统控制优化问题的解决,验证了基于混沌粒子群优化的状态反馈预测控制算法的可行性和有效性,与传统的二次规划算法的比较结果说明了此算法的优越性,证明了状态反馈预测控制系统良好的鲁棒性.     

智能化战术飞行轨迹规划方法研究

对态势评估与规划系统进行集成,提出了智能化战术飞行轨迹规划系统方案.基于贝叶斯网络和模糊推理技术,实现了战场威胁级别及其相对重要性程度的综合评估.利用模型预测控制的滚动优化和在线校正原理,实现了飞机在线飞行路径规划.建立了路径规划代价函数中加权因子的智能化分配方法,进而实现了威胁评估与路径规划之间的集成,使得路径规划系统能够自适应战场态势的动态变化.最后通过仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于滚动粒子群算法的空对地攻击轨迹控制决策

针对空对地攻击的轨迹规划问题,建立战机的六自由度模型、全向RCS模型、以及各类威胁模型。选取推力系数、攻角以及横滚角为控制量,确立对地攻击航迹控制决策指标函数以及决策最优控制模型。采用滚动粒子群算法,通过粒子群算法获得控制量在每个决策时域内的最优值并结合滚动时域控制实现对航迹的在线规划。经过仿真分析表明该方法可以控制载机完成作战任务并能给出控制量的变化规律,为飞行员提供决策辅助信息。     

固定翼无人机在线航迹规划方法

在不确定环境下,针对固定翼无人机（UAV）航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于滚动时域控制的模糊粒子群优化算法与改进人工势场法相结合的在线航迹规划方法。首先,对凸多边形障碍物进行最小外接圆拟合;然后,根据静态威胁,将规划问题转化为一系列时域窗口内的在线子问题,利用模糊粒子群算法实时优化求解以实现静态避障;当环境中存在动态威胁时,使用改进人工势场法对航迹进行调整完成动态避障。为了满足固定翼无人机的动态约束,同时提出固定翼UAV的碰撞检测法,可提前判断障碍物是否为真正威胁源,以此减少转弯频率和幅度,降低飞行代价。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在固定翼UAV航迹规划中能有效提升规划速度、稳定性与实时避障能力,且克服了传统人工势场容易陷入局部最优的缺点。     

以滚动优化策略的粒子群算法为基础的机器人路径规划研究

介绍了一种基于滚动优化策略的粒子群算法的机器人路径规划,在每一个滚动窗口中,应用粒子群算法进行局部路径规划,寻求一条最优路径.仿真实验证明了该方法的可用性和有效性.     

基于DAMPSO算法的USVs集群攻击任务规划研究

现代防御技术的迅速发展使得水面舰艇的攻击效果大大下降,水面无人舰艇自主编队集群攻击技术已经成为未来海战的关键技术之一,多水面无人舰艇之间的任务规划是保证无人舰艇顺利、高效完成任务的关键。将水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务规划问题看成是多约束的任务分配过程,建立任务规划模型,提出了基于分布式拍卖机制的粒子群优化算法,该算法结合分布式拍卖机制对粒子群优化算法的粒子初始化和寻优过程进行改进,使得粒子既符合任务的约束条件,又保持了多样性,避免粒子在寻优过程中陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明应用分布式拍卖机制粒子群优化算法得到的方案不仅完全满足水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务的要求,而且比传统粒子群优化算法和其他群体智能算法具有更好的收敛性。     

基于未知环境碰撞冲突预测的群机器人多目标搜索研究

群机器人在未知动态环境下进行多目标搜索时,存在碰撞预测和搜索效率不高等问题。提出了一种碰撞几何锥和改进惯性权重的粒子群优化算法相结合的多目标搜索策略。首先,根据静、动态威胁物的不同分别引入碰撞锥(CC)和速度障碍法(VO),提出了简化复杂障碍物的膨胀几何法(SG)和一种改进CC和VO的碰撞几何锥模型(CGC);有效解决了复杂不规则威胁物的避碰预测问题,并根据CGC模型作出威胁评估报告以确定最优避障方向。其次,提出一种改进惯性权重的粒子群优化算法(IWPSO),提高了搜索效率同时有效解决了粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优的问题。最后,将两种改进的方法(CGC-IWPSO)相结合以实现群机器人的多目标任务搜索,相比于简化虚拟受力(SVF)、自适应机器人蝙蝠算法(ARBR)、具有运动学约束的粒子群算法(KCPSO),本文方法在搜索时耗、能耗以及避障次数上分别至少减少了15.59%、 10.14%、 14.12%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.