沉积工艺对高 k栅介质 ZrO2薄膜生长行为的影响

采用反应射频磁控溅射法在Si（100）基片上制备了ZrO2薄膜，通过高分辨电子显微镜、原子力显微镜，研究了沉积工艺参数（主要包括氧分压和沉积温度）对ZrO2薄膜的表面形貌和微结构的影响．研究结果显示；氧分压和沉积温度是影响ZrO2薄膜生长行为的重要因素．随氧分压的增大，ZrO2薄膜的表面粗糙度近乎呈线形增加的趋势，ZrO2薄膜微结构演化过程是a-ZrO2（非晶）→a-ZrO2和少量m-ZrO2（单斜）→m-ZrO2和少量t-ZrO2（四方）→m-ZrO2；随沉积温度从室温升高到550℃，ZrO2薄膜微结构演化过程是a-ZrO2（〈250℃）→m-zrO2和少量a-ZrO2（450℃）→m-ZrO2和少量t-ZrO2（550℃）；此外，根据薄膜微结构和表面形貌的研究结果，探讨了沉积温度对薄膜生长行为的影响及其物理机制．     

脉冲激光沉积ZrW2O8薄膜的制备和性能

采用脉冲激光沉积法在石英基片上沉积制备了ZrW2O8薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了不同衬底温度对薄膜结构组分、表面粗糙度和形貌的影响,用台阶仪和分光光度计测量薄膜的厚度和不同衬底温度下制备薄膜的透射曲线,用变温XRD分析了ZrW2O8薄膜的负热膨胀特性.实验结果表明:在衬底温度为室温、550℃和650℃下脉冲激光沉积的ZrW2O8薄膜均为非晶态,非晶膜在1200℃保温3min后淬火得到立方相ZrW2O8薄膜;随着衬底温度的升高,ZrW2O8薄膜的表面粗糙度明显降低;透光率均约为80%,在20～600℃温度区间内,脉冲激光沉积制备的ZrW2O8薄膜的负热膨胀系数为-11.378×10-6 K-1.     

射频磁控溅射法制备Al2(WO4)3薄膜和负热膨胀性能研究

采用WO3和Al2O3陶瓷靶材,以双靶交替射频磁控溅射法,在石英基片上沉积制备了Al2（WO4）3薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,研究了退火温度对Al2（WO4）3薄膜的相组成和表面形貌的影响,采用表面粗糙轮廓仪和划痕仪测量薄膜厚度,探索了薄膜的制备工艺以及薄膜与基片的结合力,采用高温X射线衍射和晶胞参数指标化软件,初步研究了薄膜热膨胀特性。实验结果表明：磁控溅射沉积制备的这种薄膜为非晶态,表面平滑、致密,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜开始结晶且膜层颗粒增大,在950℃热处理10min后得到Al2（WO4）3薄膜,薄膜与基片的结合力为13．6N,薄膜物质热膨胀特性呈各向异性。     

基片温度对强流脉冲离子束烧蚀等离子体沉积类金刚石薄膜结构和性能的影响

利用强流脉冲离子柬(High-intensity pulsed ion beam-HIPIB)烧蚀等离子体技术在Si(100)基体上沉积类金刚石(Diamond-like carbon-DLC)薄膜，基片温度的变化范围从25℃(室温)到400℃。利用Raman谱、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究基片温度对DLC薄膜的化学结合状态、表面粗糙度、薄膜显微硬度和薄膜内应力的影响。根据XPS和Raman谱分析得出，基片温度低于300℃时，sp3C杂化键的含量大约在40％左右；从300℃开始发生sp3C向sp2C的石墨化转变。随着沉积薄膜时基片温度的提高，DLC薄膜中sp3C的含量降低，由25℃时42．5％降到400℃时8．1％，XRD和AFM分析得出，随着基片温度的增加，DLC薄膜的表面粗糙度增大，薄膜的纳米显微硬度降低，摩擦系数提高，内应力降低。基片温度为100℃时沉积的DLC薄膜的综合性能最好，纳米显微硬度22GPa，表面粗糙度为0．75nm，摩擦系数为0．110。     

脉冲激光沉积NiZn铁氧体薄膜的微观结构和磁性

采用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）技术，分别在单晶硅基片和玻璃基片上沉积了NiZn铁氧体多晶薄膜，薄膜为单相尖晶石结构，在两种基片上都呈现出一定的（400）晶面的择优取向，但在硅基片上择优生长更显著；随着基片温度t的升高，薄膜晶粒尺寸逐渐增大；在t=500℃附近饱和磁化强度Ms出现最小值，而矫顽力Hc出现最大值；对薄膜进行退火处理。可使细小晶粒长大和内应力减小，对改善较低温度条件下制备的薄膜的软磁特性具有明显作用。     

基片温度对反应射频磁控溅射法制备掺杂CeO2电解质薄膜的影响

利用Gd/Ce镶嵌复合靶、采用反应射频磁控溅射技术制备了Gd2O3掺杂CeO2(GDC)氧离子导体电解质薄膜,重点探讨了基片温度对薄膜物相结构、沉积速率及生长形貌的影响.分析结果表明,不同温度下制备的薄膜中,立方面心结构GDC固溶体相占主导,同时存在少量体心立方结构Gd2O3中间相;GDC薄膜的生长取向随基片温度而变化,200℃时,无择优取向,500℃时薄膜呈现(220)织构,700℃则为(111)择优取向;薄膜沉积速率随基片温度呈阶段性规律变化,(220)方向择优生长越显著,沉积速率越高,薄膜粗糙度越大;AFM分析表明,薄膜为岛状生长,随温度升高,表面生长岛尺寸增大,岛密度变小.     

基片温度对强流脉冲离子束烧蚀等离子体沉积类金刚石薄膜结构和性能的影响

利用强流脉冲离子束 (High intensitypulsedionbeam HIPIB)烧蚀等离子体技术在Si(1 0 0 )基体上沉积类金刚石 (Dia mond likecarbon DLC)薄膜 ,基片温度的变化范围从 2 5℃ (室温 )到 40 0℃。利用Raman谱、X射线光电子谱 (XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜 (AFM)研究基片温度对DLC薄膜的化学结合状态、表面粗糙度、薄膜显微硬度和薄膜内应力的影响。根据XPS和Raman谱分析得出 ,基片温度低于 30 0℃时 ,sp3C杂化键的含量大约在 40 %左右 ;从 30 0℃开始发生sp3C向sp2 C的石墨化转变。随着沉积薄膜时基片温度的提高 ,DLC薄膜中sp3C的含量降低 ,由 2 5℃时 42 .5 %降到 40 0℃时 8.1 % ,XRD和AFM分析得出 ,随着基片温度的增加 ,DLC薄膜的表面粗糙度增大 ,薄膜的纳米显微硬度降低 ,摩擦系数提高 ,内应力降低。基片温度为 1 0 0℃时沉积的DLC薄膜的综合性能最好 ,纳米显微硬度 2 2GPa ,表面粗糙度为 0 75nm ,摩擦系数为 0 .1 1 0。     

基片温度对微晶硅薄膜微观结构和光学性能的影响

以Ar＋SiH_4作为反应气体,采用电子回旋共振等离子体增强化学气相沉积（ECR-PECVD）方法制备微晶硅薄膜,研究了基片温度对薄膜微观结构、吸收系数、光学禁带宽度的影响。结果表明,随着基片温度的升高,薄膜的微观组织逐渐由非晶转化为微晶,薄膜的粗糙度单调增大,而H含量则单调减小。薄膜的光学吸收系数随基片温度的升高而增...     

微波集成电路（MIC）中Au／NiCr／Ta多层金属膜粗糙化机理的AFM研究

Au/NiCr／Ta多层金属膜通过磁控溅射沉积在Si(111)基片上。XRD分析其晶体取向，SEM观察薄膜断面形貌，AFM研究薄膜表面粗糙度。结果表明薄膜表面粗糙度与沉积温度有关，随着沉积温度100℃→250℃的改变，薄膜表面发生从粗糙→光滑→粗糙的变化过程。根据不同的沉积温度探讨了薄膜表面粗糙化机理。     

微波集成电路(MIC)中Au/NiCr/Ta多层金属膜粗糙化机理的AFM研究

Au/NiCr/Ta多层金属膜通过磁控溅射沉积在Si(111)基片上。XRD分析其晶体取向 ,SEM观察薄膜断面形貌 ,AFM研究薄膜表面粗糙度。结果表明薄膜表面粗糙度与沉积温度有关 ,随着沉积温度 10 0℃→ 2 5 0℃的改变 ,薄膜表面发生从粗糙→光滑→粗糙的变化过程。根据不同的沉积温度探讨了薄膜表面粗糙化机理     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to