共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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将暗场技术用于研究生物大分子是近几年来生物电镜发展的一项新技术。在1982年klotz报道了核酸分子的暗场技术后,这一方法逐渐得到了应用,其优点不仅在于操作简单、方便,更重要的是能增加样品的反差,良好地保存核酸分子的精细结构。我们对这项技术作了初步尝式,并得到了较为满意的结果。取适量褐点粉灯蛾核型多角体病毒(Alphaea phasma NPV),分离的鱼类病毒和噬菌体三种病毒样品,先用0.05MNa_2CO_3处理APNPV,然后用二步释放法,将纯净的APNPV,HV和噬菌体分别加入到不同浓度的尿素中,使其蛋白外壳变性。将病毒核酸释放液用细胞色素C进行单分子膜展层,用火棉胶—碳膜的铜网沾取核酸。将部分铜网在无水乙醇中脱水后,进行铂钯金属旋转投影,用于电镜明场观察(见图1—3),而另一部分铜网 相似文献
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本文针对单颗粒生物大分子结构的富里叶变换三维重建法,包括原理、方法和一些主要成果,就其发展过程中所遇到的困难,以及由此在电镜技术、制样方法、图像处理方面获得的进步作了较全面的介绍。 相似文献
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细胞质多角体病毒的高分辨成像及其三维重构的初步结果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用装有液氦冷却的冷冻样品支架的300kV场发射冷冻电子显微镜拍摄了细胞质多角体病毒(CPV),对这些电镜照片的频谱分析显示图像分辨率优于0.6nm。我们的三维重构结果使用了最新设计的图象管理和二十面体重构系统(IMIRS)软件包,这是第一个基于Microsoft Windows平台上运行的冷冻电镜三维重构软件包。从得到的一个初步的CPV三维结构,可以看出CPV是具有T=1的病毒壳体,它的核心半径为28.5nm,在二十面体的顶点有十二个具有五次对称的突起,使它的半径达到36nm。 相似文献
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利用冷冻电镜单颗粒三维重建方法获得分辨率1.5nm家蚕质多角体(BmCPV);2.5nm,中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒(CSBV);1.4nm,伊蚊C6/36细胞浓核病毒(C6/36DNV)的三维结构体数据,对三维结构数据进行了数据归并,并找到对显示细节较为敏感的向量维度,用表面显示方法对病毒体数据进行三维显示,用基于空间的方法完成了任意区域的交互分割。显示时间和信噪比与原有显示方法有了提高。病毒表面细节和轴上突起清晰可见。所分割的部分结构准确完整,并可以对所分割的部分进行量化分析。为冷冻电镜单颗粒重构提供了新的三维可视与分析方法。 相似文献
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高压冷冻及冷冻替代技术是一种利用高压和低温对含水组织样品进行瞬间冷冻固定和低温脱水的电镜样品制备技术,它因可以保存更加真实的细胞超微结构而常应用于透射电镜观察和分析。本文利用模式动物小鼠为材料,将这种技术应用于体扫描电镜的样品制备,并与常规化学固定的样品制备进行比较。结果显示在小鼠心肌组织中,高压冷冻及冷冻替代技术可以有效避免常规制备样品中的细胞器膜结构皱缩、细胞质分布不均匀、细胞核膜收缩形成锯齿状、甚至局部断裂等现象,使细胞超微结构更接近其生活时的状态。 相似文献
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高压快速冷冻(high-pressure freezing,HPF)能使样品在高压下毫秒内从室温降到液氮温度,所有分子瞬间固定在原位,随后启用冷冻置换(freeze substitution,FS),在低温下缓慢固定的同时用有机溶剂替代样品中的水分,从而保存样品的细微结构接近自然状态.本文使用高压快速冷冻/冷冻置换方法对草地贪夜蛾细胞(sf9细胞)和感染沙眼衣原体的小鼠成纤维细胞(McCoy细胞)进行电镜制样观察,同时对比传统化学固定两种细胞超微结构的差异.结果发现,利用HPF/FS技术,两种细胞中的膜结构、细胞骨架结构更能良好地保存,核膜、高尔基体和囊泡膜平滑完整,无皱缩或断裂,细胞形态更接近自然状态. 相似文献
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To make high-quality elemental mapping images of biological specimens, the conditions of data collection were optimized, and image-processing methods were examined. The most important step was to obtain a sufficient number of electrons to make the images. The exposure time was limited by the characteristics of the CCD camera. Obtaining a long exposure time exceeded the limitations of the camera, so exposures of the same area were performed many times and recorded in many images. The divided images were merged after observation. To merge images, a new software, 'Rotate & Merge' (R&M), was developed. Because of the characteristics of biological specimens, R&M must have several functions. Picture-zoom and image rotation are necessary because of shrinkage of the specimens due to irradiation during exposure, since even cryo techniques, including low-dose techniques, do not prevent shrinkage of specimens. Merged phosphorus-mapping images of ultra-thin slices of yeast cells were made. In these images, ribosome particles and DNA in the nucleus were observed clearly. The merging was very useful for improving the quality of mapping images. 相似文献
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Tahara Y Oshima A Hirai T Mitsuoka K Fujiyoshi Y Hayashi Y 《Journal of electron microscopy》2000,49(4):583-587
Two-dimensional (2D) crystals of Na+/K+-ATPase were vitrified and observed with an electron cryo-microscope that allowed specimen observation at liquid helium temperature. Images showing 19 A spots on the optical diffraction patterns were digitized and processed by a crystallographic method. After optimization of parameters for the image processing, the locally averaged images revealed that each 2D crystal contained heterogeneous molecules. Single particle analysis was therefore applied to the 2D crystal images to select homogeneous molecule images, and averaging the selected images significantly improved map quality. Five major peak densities were clearly resolved in the new projection map, while two were found previously. 相似文献
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改善数字全息显微术分辨率的几种方法 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
从理论和实验上研究了数字全息显微术的分辨率问题。通过分析几种不同数字全息记录光路对记录介质空间分辨率的要求表明,无透镜傅里叶变换全息光路对CCD的空间分辨率要求最低,最能充分利用CCD的带宽;再现像面的空间分辨率在不同方向上的不一致,会导致再现像在空间分辨率高的方向上相对展宽,而在空间分辨率低的方向上相对压缩;再现像的横向分辨率主要由CCD所能记录的物体的最高空间频率决定,它随CCD的尺寸和空间分辨率的提高及记录距离D的减小而提高。给出了消除再现像畸变的方法及实验结果,并提出了3种改善横向分辨率的方法。 相似文献
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用光刻胶对具有不同空间频率的黑白二值条纹图像按各种不同条件记录了一系列傅里叶变换全息图 ,并用常规CCD摄像系统检测了重构图像的信息噪比 ,给出了信噪比与离焦量、参 -物光比和曝光量的关系曲线。实验结果表明 ,对给定的实验系统及记录介质存在一定的最佳离焦量和曝光量 ,对于不同空间频率的黑白二值条纹图像需要采用不同参 -物光比以获得最佳的信噪比。选择适当的记录条件可以对含有多种空间频率条纹的二值图像获得较好的重构效果。 相似文献
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The commonly used technique for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR)/synthetic aperture radar signal analysis is a two-dimensional Fourier transform (FT), which results in an image of the target's reflectivity mapped onto a range and cross-range plane. However, in cases where the line-of-sight projections of the target's point velocities change or there is uncompensated movement within the coherent integration time, the FT produces blurred images. For target recognition applications, mainly those in military surveillance and reconnaissance operations, a blurred ISAR image has to be refocused quickly so that it can be used for real-time target identification. Two standard techniques used for improvement of blurred ISAR images are motion compensation and the use of quadratic time-frequency representations. Both are computationally intensive. The authors present an effective quadratic time-frequency representation, the S-method. This approach performs better than the Fourier transform method by drastically improving images of fast manoeuvring targets and by increasing the SNR in both low and high noise environments. These advantages are a result of the S-method's ability to automatically compensate for quadratic and all even higher-order phase terms. Thus, targets with constant acceleration will undergo full motion compensation and their point scatterers will each be localised. It should be noted that the source of the quadratic term can come not only from acceleration, but also from non-uniform rotational motion and the cosine term in wide-angle imaging. The method is also computationally simple, requiring only slight modifications to the existing FT-based algorithm. The effectiveness of the S-method is demonstrated through application to simulated and experimental data sets. 相似文献
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双频虚拟光栅投影三维测量技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
莫尔三维测量中的傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)采用单一频率进行测量,存在着由于待测物体高度变化率过大引起的相位解调困难问题。为解决该问题提出了利用双频虚拟光栅投影的三维测量方法。通过双色光干涉同时形成双频虚拟光栅,将双色干涉条纹投影到被测物体上得到被物体形貌调制的变形彩色干涉条纹。变形的彩色干涉条纹经过光学接收系统成像在彩色CCD探测器上。彩色CCD探测器所接收到的是双色光通道复合的变形虚拟光栅图。通过色度学方法对同一幅彩色变形虚拟光栅图的不同色光通道进行分离,并对分离后的双频虚拟光栅调制图进行综合。既兼顾了效率,又有效地解决了被测物体高度变化率过大引起相位解调困难的问题。 相似文献
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空间太阳望远镜太阳磁场测量要求图象的信噪比为104.受CCD满阱电荷的限制,必须对CCD采集到的图象,在预处理单元进行图象积分以提高信噪比;为了减小CCD引入的噪声,还采用了CCD图象改正技术;对于宁静态的长时间太阳观测,为了克服图象漂移导致无法进行图象积分的难题,提出了图象相关内插累加技术,来进一步提高信噪比;预处理单元还担负着偏振测量中的Stokes参数归一计算、CCD控制、调焦控制和图象格式化等任务.文中分析了预处理系统的处理功能需求,确定了系统设计方案;采用FPGA加DSP的硬件结构,制作了地面原理样机,开发了系统软件.在地面支持设备上对系统功能进行了仿真和测试. 相似文献